Baroque Period Scottish History

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Scottish History Timeline: 16th Century -19th Century

1603-1625 AD

Age of Enlightenment, Dawn of the Modern World: James VI (Stewart) becomes King James I of England after death of Elizabeth. Ethnic cleansing laws put into effect for next 300 years in Ireland and Scotland See Kingcraft or Pacification of the Highlands James murders his female cousin, beheads Sir Walter Raleigh, and tortures thousands on: the rack, bonecrusher, scavanger’s daughter (leg, hand and neck irons), root, cashie-laws, langirnis, narrow-bore, iron collar, bynebandes, bilboes (leg irons chained to a wall), thumbscrews, pear (knives into vagina), cat o’ nine tails (whip) and brake (teeth broken). Pressing to death is used up until 1726. James I authors the King James version of the Bible and establishs the Anglican or Epispocal Church in Scotland. Presbyterians are persecuted and records are destroyed. Guy Fawkes’ Gunpowder Plot fails.
International: English settle Maryland (granted as a private estate to Lord Baltimore: George Calvert, British Secretary of State), Maine (Bartholomew Gosnold), Massachusetts (Miles Standish: Plymouth Bay: Pilgrims give Thanksgiving for their massacre of native people in a published book in Amsterdam. Thomas Morton: Massachusetts Bay: rapes native women at his Merry Mount plantation), Connecticut (John Winthrop of the Royal Society), Rhode Island (Dr John Clark), New Hampshire (John Lovell/Mary Corliss), New York (John Hudson: Hudson Bay colony eat each other to stay alive in ice storm), Virginia (Gov John White: London Company chartered to colonise Virginia with slaves. Powhatten [Waterfall] Confederation massacred on the ship God Speed. Matoaka-Pocahontas, daughter of chief Powhatten kidnapped, forced into marriage with Virginia tobacco planter John Rolfe, re-named Rebecca Rolfe, portrait painted at court of King James I, dies of smallpox), Saint Kitts, Nevis, Antigua & Barbados (all Sir Thomas Warner). 1638: British privateers invade the Mosquito coast [modern Nicaragua] and massacre the people. Mayan Annals of Cakchiquel, Chilam Balam. Quiché Maya Popal Vuh written in Roman characters. Henri IV France assassinated by Ravaillac. Spain invades the Phillipines. Thomas Harriot dies of smoking related cancer of the nose & mouth in his English country residence.

1633 -1660AD

Scots Guards founded by Charles I, James’ brother, to exterminate the Irish. (This regiment are now bodyguards for English royalty. They man armored cars.) English Civil War: Charles I produces the Anglican Book of Common Prayer and is executed by Parliament. Cromwell’s Puritan Party outlaws Christmas. The Ulster Plantation: Cromwell’s New Model Army massacre the Irish, sell the rest into slavery overseas, and force the Irish to move to Connacht in winter. Many die in the snow. Their wealth is given to the English. “It is a righteous judgement of God upon these barbarous wretches.” Cromwell’s corpse is exhumed from the grave two years after his death, decapitated, and impaled on a spike on the roof of Westminster hall. It is estimated that he killed 2/3 of the population and only 500,000 Irish are left. Cromwell Tank is named after him
International: L’état, c’est moi: I am the state: Louis XIV’s army turns France into the most powerful nation-state in Europe. The Huguenots flee to Canada and modern French textbooks teach they are all dead. Willhelm Shickard’s letters to Johannes Kepler, court mathematician to Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph II, contain instructions for using his calculating clock to calculate astronomical tables and for adding and subtracting six digit numbers. Dominican Father Caccini preaches ‘geometry is of the devil,’ and that ‘mathematicians should be banished as the authors of all heresies.’ In 1633 Galileo Galilei, discoverer of Jupiter’s four largest moons: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto is put on trial by the Inquistion for teaching the heliocentric theory [Copernicus’s On The Revolution: planets revolve around the Sun], tortured, and sentenced to life imprisonment. His books are blacklisted until 1822.

1660 -1685 AD

Charles II regains throne, and it is called The Restoration. This is considered the time of Merry Olde England. He receives Bombay from Portugal as a marriage settlement, seizes Jamaica, starts the Royal African Slave Company, dissolves Parliament and introduces the Test Act of 1673 / Clarendon Code barring non-Anglicans from civil and military employment. 1662: An Act for the better Relief of the Poor [the Settlement Act] (13&14 Car. II c.12) can remove newcomers whom local justices deem likely to be chargeable; to the parish poor rates. Qualifying for settlement in a new parish is by being in continuous employment for at least a year. To prevent this, hirings were often for a period of 364 days rather than a full year. The Great Plague hits and kills 1/3 of the population. It is considered the first modern form of germ warfare. Ring Around the Rosie (red sores of the plague) Pocket full of Posie (protection, burial flowers) Ashes, Ashes (the dead were burnt) We All Fall Down. (succumbing to the disease) Act of Uniformity / The Killing Time: Covenanters (Presbyterians) refuse to accept the divine right of Kings and are executed, killed without process of law, and exiled for their faith. Charles II dies of a stroke. His son, James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, is beheaded by his uncle James II on Tower Hill. James II becomes king of England
International: Scheyichbi seized by Sir George Carteret and renamed New Jersey. Witch-torturer Increase Mather moves from Magherafelt, Ireland in 1656 to Boston to become the Commonwealth Minister for the State of Massachusetts and executioner. Christmas is outlawed until 1850. The English Goose Creek Men / Free Society of Traders / Council for Foreign Plantations, Edward Hyde, the Earl of Claredon; George Monck, the Duke of Albemarle, John Berkeley, Baron of Stratton, Anthony Cooper Ashley, Earl of Shaftesbury (who directed Philosopher John Locke in writing South Carolina’s Fundamental Constitutions), William Penn (Coaquanock renamed Philadelphia), load Indians on ships in Charleston for the middle passage to the West Indies, New Amsterdam & New England. Caymanas and Vere revolt. Viceroy Marqués de Mancera requests the collaboration of the Inquisition in 1660 to suppress slave insurrectionary moves. 1674: Second Treaty of Breda: Third Dutch War: New Amsterdam renamed New York. In Jamaica a reward is offered for Juan de Serras, leader of one of the free settlements. Louis XIV: Martial law is declared in Barbados, Haiti & Santo Domingo.

1685 -1702 AD

James II appoints Judge Jeffries to preside over the Bloody Assizes, the execution, torture, and slavery of Protestant rebels loyal to James Scott. 320 are executed after having pled guilty under a promise of mercy. The hangman, Jack Ketch, still remains a haunting figure in the history of our language. (23) Glorious Revolution: Mary II seizes power by having her father James II deposed by her husband and first cousin William III of Orange in 1689. James II flees to France with wife Mary of Modena and son James Francis Edward Stuart. William III murders the Scottish nobles in the Glencoe Massacre after they refuse allegiance to the Crown of England and starves the rest. War of the Grand Alliance: Kew Letters order the Dutch (Batavian Republic under Louis XIV French dominion) to surrender to the British. 1694: Mary dies of smallpox & William dies in a riding accident Mary’s sister Anne takes the throne. The Settlement Act of 1701 grants Parliament the right to name the crown successor..

Cases of Conscience... by Increase Mather, President of Harvard College at Cambridge, & Teacher of a Church at Boston in New-England. © 1693.

International: 1685: Edict of Fontainebleau / Spielvogel Louis XIV & wife Mme de Maintenon order the destruction of Huguenot churches and closing of Protestant schools in France. 500,000+ seek asylum in England, the United Provinces, Denmark, Germany and the United States. The confessor is François de la Chaise. Their silk, plate glass, silversmithing, cabinet-making industries are relocated. Cotton Mather of the Salem Witch Trials publishes Memorable Providences Relating to Witchcraft a.k.a Magnalia Christi at Boston in 1689. In it is an excerpt of an Irish woman who he condemns to death in English court. He admits she knows no English. Mather sells Deer Island to millionaire John Jacob Aster’s fur merchant Jacques Cartier. 1689: War of Augsburg / King William’s War: Treaty of Utrecht: establishes Britain’s commercial and maritime ascendancy over other Imperial nations. British Carribean imports 20,000 slaves a year. Liverpool a huge slave port. Spanish Jesuits build missions in Baja California & enslave the natives. The Commanche & Apache destroy them. José de Baños y Sotomayor, comisario of Guatemala’s Inquisition writes the Mexican Office of the Inquisition in 1695 of mujersillas de mal vivir: worthless women who live evil lives. M. de Saint Alban of the Parliament of Toulouse discovers that his wife, who he’d interred, has survived her premature burial

1702-1723

Union of the Crowns: Ireland, Cornwall, Scotland, and Wales now part of England and known as Great Britain. Scottish parliament disbanded under Bill of Security. Bread Riots: Queen Anne dies of suppressed gout and scarlet fever. The crown passes to the House of Hannover. The coronation of her cousin Georg Ludwig von Brunswick (George I) from Brunswick-Lüneburg, Hanover begins in 1714. Scots revolt and General Wade sent to the Highlands to maintain control. George I imprisons his wife and first cousin Sophia Dorothea of Celle in Castle Ahlden’s oubliette until she dies. The Earl of Euston verbally abuses his fiancée, Lady Dorothy Boyle. They marry and his wife is found dead seven months later. Sir Edward Knatchbull’s Act of 1723 For Amending the Laws relating to the Settlement, Employment and Relief of the Poor (9 Geo. I c.7) allows concentration camp workhouses to merge, purchase real-estate, and to contract labor to autonomous corporations. This is called farming the poor.
International: Indian Wars: Sir William Johnson is British Superintendant of US Indian Affairs. He pays commissions to wealthy Englishmen for Indian slaves. By 1708 the number of Indian slaves in the Carolinas is nearly half that of African slaves. 1701-1714: Bavarian War / War of Spanish Succession / Queen Anne’s War Charles II, King of Spain dies. Philip, grandson of the French King Louis XIV, is named heir in his will. Phillip becomes King of Spain. Florida invaded by British troops but remains Spanish under the final settlement. The South Sea Bubble: Jacob Roggeveen lands on the Polynesian island te pito ote henua The Navel of the World on Easter Sunday, renames it Easter Island, massacres the inhabitants, and sell others into slavery to sugarcane plantations in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaiian Islands, Mexico and other places. Great Northern War: Triple Alliance King Frederick William I of Prussia a.k.a Augustus II Wettin of Poland & Saxony, Czar Peter I of Russia & Frederick IV of Denmark battle Charles II of Sweden over control of Estonia, Livonia [Latvia], Karelia [Finland] & the Baltic Waterways. Russia invades Sweden and conducts biological germ warfare by flinging plague-infected corpses over the city walls of Reval. Augustus II wins Livonia. Frederick William I orders all Gypsies over 18 years of age to be hanged & hunted for sport. Documented through 1835. His father bans Jews from living in Dresden. Twenty refugee families from Alsace, Palatinate & Hesse transported to Virginia for indentured service under Governor Spotswood. Those who obtain their freedom move to Blue Mountain in what is now Madison County, Virginia. 1719: South Sea Company convert £ 30,981,712 of the British national debt. Russia invades Armenia and shares the Trans-Causacus area with the Turks.Maroon Wars: Windwood Maroons led by Nanny, the African Queen. Leeward Maroons lead by Cudjoe. They free slaves in Jamaica. Nanny makes a vow on Pumpkin Hill in 1737 to fight the British to the death. When she signs the treaty she is wearing their dead teeth.

1723-1746

Waltham Black Acts adds 50 capital offenses to the penal code. People are sentenced to death for theft and poaching. Rapid growth of gin drinking begins in England after taxes on tea, coffee, and chocolate. Sir Arthur Guinness of Beamont receives a loan from the Archbishop of Cashel and starts an alcohol distillery in Leixip, Kildare, Ireland. 1727: Georg Augustus II von Brunswick crowned King of England & Ireland with his wife Princess Caroline of Brandenburg-Ausbach. 1730: First Irish famine. 1740 / 1741: The Forgotten Famine: 400,000 starved to death in Ireland alone. [Further Famines 1745, 1755, 1766, 1783, and 1800]. 1742: Edinburgh Riots: Surgeons homes attacked in protest of the selling of corpses for medical dissection. The home of a beadle, dubbed ‘resurrectionist hall’ destroyed by fire. Battle of Culloden: Highlanders massacred and survivors sold into slavery in Barbados £ 5 is paid for the head of each man. George II’s son, Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland chosen as the “Final Solution” to the Scottish problem. His nickname is The Butcher.
International: 1731: Emigrationspatent: Edict of Expulsion Archbishop Count Leopold von Firmian of Salzburg states that all Protestants recant their non-Catholic beliefs or be banished. This is the archdiocese responsible for Bavaria. 21,475+ move in winter to East Prussia: Lithuania, Poland, Kalingrad, Berlin, Banat Romania, Slovakia, Hannover, the Netherlands, and London [they are sent in coffin ships to colony of Georgia in the US]. Goethe: Hermann and Dorothea.

1747-1787

Highland Clearances: Highlanders killed and replaced with sheep farming. They are starved, shot, and die in the snow. The killers take Highland tartans and outfit the British Army with them: The Black Watch, Queen’s Own Highlanders (forced Highland men to join or starve), Gordon Highlanders (founded by Baron Gordon in 1787 to dispose of Highland Scots who were living on his land: Gordon Riots), Princess Louise’s Argyll & Sutherland Highlanders (began in 1753 to exterminate Highland Scots, Siege of Limerick), Louvat Scouts /Scottish Horse / Royal Scots Greys / Scottish Rifles (founded by a soldier of fortune. now man armored cars.), Royal Highland Fusiliers / the 73rd Regiment (raised for the American Revolution). Baronet Sir Gilbert Elliot of Minto, treasurer of the navy, Encyclopaedia Britannica editor, and author of Philosophy of the Human Mind, writes the song My sheep I neglected and wins a seat in Parliament. King Georg II dies of a stroke in 1760 and is succeeded by his grandson, King Georg Wilhelm Friedrich III, eldest son of Friedrich Ludwig and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha who both died in 1751 and Queen Charlotte Sophia of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Thomas Gilbert’s Act: For the Better Relief and Employment of the Poor(22 Geo. III c.83) allows workhouse incorporation.
International: Haitian Revolt: Mackendal plots to poison every watering hole in the capitol, kill all the whites and take over the island. He is burnt alive. Bengal Famine: England acquires Dutch East India Company, invades Canada (French Acadians deported to penal colonies in the Falklands & Louisiana. Others flee to the St. Lawrence Valley & Upper Great Lakes), Sénégal, Grenada, Gambia, the Cape of Good Hope, Ceylon, Tahiti, Java (coffee and teak) Bengal [Maratha War], and Sumatra. They capture King Nawab of Bengal and starve the people. The Tsar invades the northern artic of Siberia and subjugates the Chukchis, Ewenis, Tungusis & Yakutis. French-Indian War, Seven Year’s War: Peace of Paris: March 28, 1757: Damiens stabs King Louis XV and is slowly put to death in the Place de Grève. His tortures are witnessed by thousands. 1763: France surrenders territories in the New World to Spain and England. England takes Canada, Florida, New England, Belize, Carribean and lands west of the Mississippi. Laws are passed legalizing bounty hunting of natives. The British Army, English aristocrats, and United Empire Loyalists form professional scalp hunting parties known as ranger units. Royal Scots Greys, Carolina Rangers & British Light Infantry massacre the Cherokee Nation, burn their houses, and force them to give their land up. Lord Jeffrey Amhearst gives towels with smallpox. Spain sends José de Galvez, Juan Bautista de Ayala, Quiros, Father Junipero Serra to enslave California. Croix and his Spaniards massacred in Arizona. American Revolution (1776-1783): The first millionaires in America come by their fortunes through pirating. The Declaration of Independance lists grievances against King Georg III. General Francis Marion uses guerilla warfare against English troops. George Washington’s Hannah schooner first armed vessel of the Continental Navy. French East Company ship Le Duc du Duras a.k.a Bonhomme Richard after American representative in France Dr Benjamin Franklin, Pallas 32, Vengeance 12, Cerf , and warship Alliance 32 under French Minister of Marine M. de Sartine added to make a squadron under the American flag, with John Paul Jones in command. 1785: Treaty of Greenville, Ohio: Kickapoo tribe moved to reservations in Kansas, Oklahoma. 1786: Treaty of Fort Finney / Northwest Ordinance: Northwest Territory: Ohio [Shawnee women and children murdered by Indian Agent Richard Butler. Survivors forced to sign away their Ohio lands.], Indiana [Chief Meshekinoquah: Little Turtle (1752-1812) of the Miami defeats a federal mercenary army. Mouths of the dead are filled with earth, a reply to the American hunger for Indian land. Washington sends Maj. Gen. “Mad Anthony” Wayne and his Legion. They are wiped out by Little Turtle], Illinois [Illinois], Michigan [Governor William Hull land seizure of Ottawa, Wiandot] & Wisconsin: Gathering of Waters [Winnebago, Menominee, Chippewa, Potawatomi, Fox & Sauk]. Javanese Revolt: Javanese are enslaved, dispossesed of their land, and taxed. British kill ninety percent of the Tahitians of Polynesia and reduce their number to 6000. Captain James Cook seizes New Zealand, exterminates the native moa bird, seizes the Sandwich Islands (Hawaiian Islands), Australia and claims them for England. He completely burns the forests of Kangaroo Island. The Hawaiians kill him.

1788-1804 AD

Act of William The poor are made to wear badges. Sir William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, is known as The Reaper Man Risdon Massacre: British establish Penal Colony on Australia, deport 166,000, and name it New South Wales. Dolben Act of 1788, the first slave carrying act, regulates the slave trade. Transportation sentences are for: seven years, ten years, fourteen years and life. Aborigines are shot dead by Lieutenant Moore. Drunken army doctors collect the bones, salt them, and send them back to England. Aborigines called black crowes, black vermin and are hunted for sport. Their bodies are fed to dogs. 1788: Rex v. Lynn: Lynn sentenced for disinterring a corpse for purposes of dissection. As English common law does not allow the body to have a property value the offense could not be construed as a theft, therefore provision was made to define it as a common misdemeanor. 1795: The Famine Year in Scotland and England. Thousands of starving English riot. On Oct. 26,1795 a Remonstrance is addressed to King Georg III asking: “Wherefore, in the midst of apparent plenty, are we compelled to starve?” Three days later 200,000 Londoners riot parliament shouting: “No war! No king! Peace!” The Treasonable Practices Bill is passed banning the writing of Thomas Paine’s The Rights of Man and making rioting punishable by death. Speenhamland Act: Parish responsible for subsistence level wages. Catholic priests are no longer hunted for sport and their severed heads are not paid the £ 5 wage anymore. Combination Acts: Forbids workers from joining trade unions. Irish Rebellion:100,000 peasants revolt; approximately 25,000 die. Robert Emmett issues a Proclamation of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic on June 23 1803. The Prime Minister, Lord Kilwarden, and his son-in-law, Rev. Richard Wolfe, are dragged from their carriage and killed. The Lord Mayor of Dublin imposes curfew (9pm to 6am) on the city on August 21 1803. He orders inhabitants post their names on doorways. Robert Emmet is arrested, hung, and decapitated on September 20 1803. Prime Minister Spencer Perceval assasinated by John Bellingham
International: 1788: Outraged citizens of New York City riot over corpse-stealing and ransack the rooms of anatomy students and professors at Columbia College Medical School. The following year body snatching is prohibited by law. Whiskey Rebellion Washington sends Alexander Hamilton to put down the farmer’s rebellion in Western Pennsylvania. July 13, 1789: French Revolution: La Déclaration des Droits de l’Homme et du Citoyen: The Declaration of the Rights of Man: La Terreur: Camille Desmoulins & a mob of Parisians storm the Bastille. Aristocrat Charlotte Corday assassinates Jean-Paul Marat for the good of the country. French Queen Marie Antoinette beheaded. Madame Tussaud makes death masks of guillotine victims during the Reign of Terror and later moves to open London’s Wax Museum. Barère (1755–1841), an advocate of Toulouse, is The Anacreon of the Guillotine. He is president of the Convention, a member of the Constitutional Committee of Public Safety, and chief agent in the condemnation to death of Louis XVI. He decrees that Terror must be the order of the day. In the first empire Barère bore no public part, but at the restoration he was banished from France, and retired to Brussels. 1792: War of the Oranges, Saint Dominique Slave Rebellion: Captain Robert Gray invades the Columbia River; staking an American claim to the Oregon territory. Lord Ralph Abercrombie invades Puerto Rico. British massacre blacks on Santo Domingo. Jamaican marpons (descendents of fugitive slaves living in the mountains) revolt. White planters are massacred and their plantations are burnt. Toussaint l’Ouverture brings English to their knees with the help of American supplies and forces a withdrawal. Toussaint is captured, but French forces die of yellow fever and finally surrender in 1803. Haiti wins its independance and is partitoned between Pétion and Christophe le negro. 1792 - 1815: Napoleonic Wars / Great French War: Napolean invades Syria, British Egypt (gold, ivory), Portugal & Spain [Penninsular War] & Russia [War of the Third Coalition, Russo-Swedish War] with 3 million estimated army combattants. The Industrial Revolution mass-produces the weapons. 1806: The First Reich: Das Heiliges Römisches Reich ends when Holy Roman Emperor Francis II abdicates, following a military defeat by the French Army under Napoleon. [The empire began with Charlemagne in 800 AD and was transfered in 962 to German Otto I. Becoming a Holy Roman Emperor required becoming a Deutscher König: King of the Germans first. The Reichstag was: Council of Electors, Council of Princes, Secular Bench, Ecclesiastical Bench consisting of the Teutonic Order & Order of St John.] Battle of the Baltic / Battle of Copenhagen: Lord Nelson & Admiral Parker bombard Copenhagen and destroy, 18 out of 23 Danish ships. Julian Fedon fights against British slavery in Grenada. 38 leaders of the rebellion executed but Fedon escapes. Jamaican maroons transported to Sierra Leone. St Vincent Carib leader, Chatoyer killed in battle. Caribs deported to the mainland of Central America. Their descendants are now known as the Garafuni and make up about 8% of the population of Belize. Australian Rum Rebellion, Jannisaries’ Revolt, Indian Campaign / Guanajuato Massacre: Thomas Jefferson buys the Louisiana territory and sends Meriwether Lewis and William Clark up the Missouri river with the Indian slave woman Sacajawea wife of the trapper Chaboneu to visit the Mandans. William Clark (of Lewis & Clark) becomes Superintendant of US Indian Affairs and battles rebel Indian forces. Lewis is rumored to have commited suicide.

1805-1813 AD

Luddite Uprisings:Price increases bankrupt small farmers, create record numbers of unemployment and cause them to become landless laborers. Workmen in the Midlands fight mechanisation of textile production by destroying the new machinery and ruining cloth on the looms by squirting vitriol through factory windows. Manchester Exchange Riot: Women riot over high prices for potatoes. Four are hanged for stealing food. Huddersfield’s Mill is attacked and the owner is killed. Emmanuel Burton’s guards kill three and his home is burnt to the ground. Wray and Duncroff Mill and Rochdale’s jail are burnt. 12 are hanged with information obtained by spies hired by local magistrate Colonal Fletcher. Seventeen Luddites are hanged at York despite pleas for leniency. March 1808: Spring Assizes: Carnmoney Witch Trial: Mary Butters imprisoned by Lord Carrigfergus for killing three people with herbalism. London borough gang supplies four hundred cadavers to medical schools during the term of 1811 to 1812. Seven pounds is paid for each dead adult corpse. “Smalls”, children, sold by the foot. Dentists use the teeth for dentures for the rich.
International: British Guiana Slave Revolt. 50 involuntary slave recruits of the 2nd. west India Regiment mutiny killing two officers. 1810-1821: New Spain Revolt: The French empire reaches its greatest extent when Napoleon marries Austrian Archduchess Marie-Louise and puts his brother on the Spanish throne. He controls France, the Swiss Confederation, the Confederation of the Rhine, and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw. Allied territories include: Spain (Joseph Bonaparte); Westphalia (Jerome Bonaparte); Italy (Eugène de Beauharnais, son of Joséphine); Naples (Joachim Murat, brother-in-law); Lucca & Piombino (Felix Bacciochi, brother-in-law); Prussia, Austria. In New Spain, Father Miguel Hidalgo is executed for trying to make México independant His head is displayed on a pike. The armed struggle continues, led by Father José Maria Morelos y Pavon who captures the Pacific seaport cities of Oaxaca & Alcapulco. When he is killed by the Viceroy Spanish army Lieutenant Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña continues. [Land stolen from natives. Only Spanish born colonists allowed to own land and plantations.] Bogóta Revolts:Argentina wins its independance and the Spanish empire collapses. Puerto Rico revolts and so does Brazil. Treaty of Fort Wayne: Delaware, Miamis, and Pottawatomies sign a treaty with Governor Harrison ceding over 3,000,000 acres of Indiana and Illinois to the government. Tecumseh and Tensquatawa denounce the treaty, threaten the chiefs that signed it with death.Colter’s Indian Run: Blackfeet capture Colter and Potts on the headwaters of the Missouri near Saint Louis. Potts shoots one dead and is pierced with arrows. Colter escapes to Little Big Horn. Battle of New Orleans / Louisiana Slave Revolt: Jean LaFitte reigns over the Louisiana slave trade. His castle on Galveston island is the Maison Rouge and he sells slaves for a dollar a pound to James Bowie. The largest slave revolt in the United States suppressed by U.S. troops under Andrew Jackson, Governor Claiborne, and Lafitte’s men. War of 1812 (Second War of American Independence) Cromwell’s New Model Army or the A Battery of the English Royal Dragoon Guards is renamed the West Florida Dragoons and set out for Baton Rouge. They capture it, imprison the Governor and on September 23, 1810 raise their Bonnie Blue flag over the Fort of Baton Rouge. The flag is used by the Republic of Texas from 1836 to 1839. Three days later the president of the West Florida Convention, signs a Declaration of Independence and the flag becomes the emblem of a new republic. By December 10, the flag of the United States replaces the Bonnie Blue after President Madison issues a proclamation declaring West Florida under the jurisdiction of the Governor of the Louisiana Territory. The following states seceed from the Union: South Carolina, Alabama [Mobile Alabama Rifles: Joseph Skinner], Mississippi, Georgia, Florida, Texas, Louisiana 1812: Battle of Lyngør: England finishes off the last Danish battleship - a frigate - destroyed. Napoleonic Sixth Coalition (1812-1814) / Second Polish War: Napoleon invades Russia at Borodino and captures Moscow. Governor Prince Rasotpchin, under Czar Alexander I orders the city burnt to ground. Napoleon’s army retreats across the Berezina River. In Spain Arthur Wellesley claims victory over Joseph Bonaparte. The French flee over the Pyrénées. Battle of Leipzig in Saxony. French are forced to retreat into France.