![[Tartan History Page]](../banners/tartanhistory.gif){kind=small}
Tartan Day - Customs - Games - Legends - Rings - E-Cards
| Afghanistan: Land of the Afghans | |
| Slavery 1000-330 BC: Persian Empire 330 BC: Alexander the Great 246- 146 BC: Bactrian Empire 146 BC- 400 AD: Kushan Empire 400AD - 651 AD: Sassanian Empire 651AD-750 AD: Umayyad Caliphate 750AD-1001AD: Abbasid Caliphate 1001-1026 AD: Ghaznavid Empire: Emperor Mahmud Ghazni invades & forces half a million people into slavery. 1200-1747 AD: Mongol Khanate 1747-1826 AD: Ahmad Shah Durrani 1839-1919: Anglo-Afghan Wars: Russia vs England: Habibullah Khan assasinated. 1923: Independance 1933: Muhammad Nadir Khan (assasinated) 1978: Muhammad Daoud Khan, brother-in-law (assasinated) 1979-1989: USSR invades 2001: US Invasion | 11,700 miles of road damaged & made unusable. The country has no railroads. Transportation route into Afghanistan is the Khyber Pass in Pakistan. 1990s: Drought, starvation, 70% unemployment, 400,000+ receiving charity wheat, fields dotted with landmines while 3,400 tons of opium are produced. 2 million+ flee to Iran, 1 million to Pakistan, others to Tajikistan. Black sites are secret prisons in Afghanistan. People buried alive in the desert. Cham Tala [One of 88 mass grave sites containing thousands of victims] Kabul [The capital. Half a million people are homeless & there are 80,000+ homes reduced to rubble] Kajaki [2007: Chris Brummet of Associated Press reports US warplane dropped a 500 pound bomb on British troops. Kurt Volker Assistant Secretary of State for European & Eurasian Affairs. British Troops numbering 7000] Kandahar [2002: F-16 Pilot dropped a 500 pound bomb on Canadian troops conducting a live fire exercise] |
| Albania: White Moon | |
| Shfaros Kamp [Extermination Camp] Waffen SS Josef Fitzhum 300 BC: Illyria 148 BC: Byzantine 1468 AD: Ottoman King Ahmet Bej Zogu I. Skanderbeg III (1895–1961) & Countess Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Apponyi Chief of the Military: 1920-1922, Albanian Prime Minister 1922-1924, President: 1925-1928. King: 1928-1939, 1943-1946. Zogist salute is a flat hand over the heart with palm facing forwards. He claimed to be a successor of Skanderbeg. Zog hoarded gold coins & precious stones, which were used to back Albania’s first paper currency. | 1912: Independance from Turkey. 1932: Mass Famine: Grain imported from Italy. Italian Kingdom helps Albania’s sugar, telegraph, & electrical monopolies. Mussolini declares Albania a protectorate under Italy’s King Victor Emmanuel III in 1939. While the NAZIs kill, the king sojourns in London. After WWII Stalin places Enver Hoxha in power, the King buys the Knollwood estate in Muttontown: Long Island, New York, for approximately $102,800, but when the INS wouldn’t allow his entire court to come he moves to France Burreli [Concentration camp. Mussolini administered it from 1939 on] Klos [September 3, 1943: XXI Mountain Corps: Greek 100th Jaeger, Serbian 297th Infantry, German 1st Mountain Division] Vlora-Vlore [Jews removed] Velika Dobranja [Bombed] Skutari-Scoder [WWI battleground. Albania’s railroad network] |
| Algeria: Arabic for Islands [Numidia / Frangistan] | |
| Vichy Camp de Concentration [Concentration Camps] DeHoMag-CEC: Companie Electro-Comptable de France Machines used by the French War Ministry in France’s colonies of North Africa & Indochina. Reich Statistical Office in Algiers. Commander François Cavoche, Grissard, Schneider 1337: Abdalwadid Kingdom 1954: Algerian Revolution. 1962: Independance. | Abadla, [Aïn el Ourak, Béchar] Bouarfa Djelfa [700 to 1,000 prisoners. Forced labor for the Trans-Saharan railway. 30+ camps. Administered by former officers of the French Foreign Legion El comandante Cavoche, jefe del campo y sus ayudantes: los policías vichystas Grissard, Schneider y Gravela [Commander Cavoche, Chief of the Camp & his helpers: the policies of Vichyites: Grissard, Schneider & Gravela] Hadjerat-M’guil Kenadsa Mecheria [1942: 50 km South of Oran. Collection camp for prisoners of war] Meridje Missour |
| Angola | |
| Slavery Loango & Teke Kingdoms. Kongo Kingdom 1483-1975: King Manuel I of Portugal 1961-1975: Portuguese Civil War Now a republic under José Eduardo Dos Santos Rich in gold, diamonds, iron ore, oil, forests, coffee, fisheries | Luanda [Portuguese-established capital city for slave trade. Forced labor used into the 20th century. 1961: Civil War. 2000 inflation: 325%. Millions of landmines. 1974-2002 warfare estimated 8 million+ displaced persons. 2004: 85% of the population on subsistence agriculture. Food is imported], Cabinda [1991: Cabinda demands independance from Angola], 1784: Gustav III, King of Sweden buys Saint-Barthélemy Island in the Carribean from France. Swedish West India company formed on Hallowe’en (oh this hurts). Privilege letter Paragraph 14: The Company is free to operate slave trade on Angola & the African coast, where such is permitted. ...Free import of slaves & trade with black slaves or so called new Negroes from Africa is granted all nations without having to pay any charge at the unload |
| Argentina: Silver [La Plata: Silver Viceroyalty] | |
| Los desaparecidos [Forced Disappearance] An organization (usually a ruling government) forces a person to disappear from public view. The way this is achieved is through murder or assassination. The body disposed where it will never be found. The party committing the murder has deniability, as there is no dead body to show the victim is actually dead. ...Their families, who often spend the rest of their lives in fruitless searches for the disappeared persons remains & for emotional closure, also become victims of the disappearance’s effects – Wikipedia 1527-1529: Sebastian Cabot invades Rio de la Plata, Parana & Paraguay rivers in Argentina & Paraguay looking for a white king whose realm rich in silver. May 25, 1810: Bogóta Revolts: Argentina wins its independance & the Spanish empire collapses. 1823-1841: Argentine-Brazilian War:Juan Manuel de Rosas overthrown by Duke of Caxias Argentina’s economic collapse more severe than that of the 1930s. Per capita income fell from about $9,000 in 1998 to about $2,500 in 2002: half the population was by then living on less than $3 a day. Students in formerly middle-class schools grow school gardens & raise rabbits for lunch. In Tucuman doctors report seeing children with kwashiorkor, a disease caused by lack of protein | Barbeía [1965: NAZI’s leave behind the minutes of the meeting La Odessa declara la guerra al estado de Israel: Odessa declares a war against the state of Israel. The paper represents 123 people from 123 countries. (132)], Puerto San Julian [1519: Portuguese navigator Fernao de Magalhaes: Ferdinand Magellan], Buenos Aires [1976-1983: El Proceso: The Process, Guerra Sucia: Dirty War: political dissidents forced to jump out of airplanes far out over the Atlantic Ocean. 30,000+ disappear under Jorge Eduardo ‘El Tigre’ Acosto Chief of Intelligence. ESMA Torture table. Electric shock machine. Brigadier General Federico Antonio Minicucci even kidnaps a newborn. 500,000 exiled. Argentina the destination for many NAZI officials under Juan Domingo Perón (1941-1975), These NAZIs train the police force. 1990s: Government investigation claims 180 NAZI war criminals came to the country. Germany believes the total is higher as many documents burnt by Perón. Documents they have: Eichmann, Kutschmann, Schwamberger, Roschmann, Mengele, Bandrimer, Pavelic (132)], La Boca District [Lieut Alfredo Astiz infiltrates Mothers of Plaza de Mayo as Gustavo Niño. Founder Azucena Villaflor de Vicenti abducted with 6 women. Indicted in 1990 by French court in absence to life in prison for the execution of French Nuns Leonie Duquet & Alice Domon & 17-year-old Swedish girl Dagmar Hagelin. Wanted by Interpol.], Tucuman [500+ disappeared. Antonio Domingo Bussi governor of area.], Martínez, Pozo de Quilmes, Pozo de Bánfield, Puesto Vasco, Arana, La Cacha & La Plata [Detention Centers. General J. Ramón Camps testifies to James Neilson La Semana Feb 11, 1983 that ‘no disappeared persons were still alive’ Night of the Pencils: High school children kidnapped], Cordoba [Luciano Benjamín ‘The Hyena’ Menéndez. Hundreds killed], Corrientes [Jorge Zorreguieta, Minister of Agriculture during Videla regime, daughter Maxima the fiancée of the Royal Dutch Prince. He was banned from the February 2, 2002 wedding.], Olimpo [Carlos Guillermo Suárez Masón, El Cacique: the Butcher of Olimpo indicted in 2000 by Italian Court in absence to life in prison for the execution of 8 Italians & German student Elisabeth Kaesemann in 1977] |
| Armenia [Hayq / Transcaucasian Republic] | |
| Mass Graves 113 AD: Trajan’s Eastern Roman Empire. 1719 AD: Russia invades & shares the Trans-Causacus area with the Turks 1922: Transcaucasian Republic incorperated into the Soviet Union. 1991: Independance | Radjo, Katma, Azaz, Yerevan [Holocaust memorial for those slain during WWI: Armenian Genocide] |
| Red Cresent Concentration Camps Governor Djevdet ordered crimes Commander Sükrü Kaya Grand Visier: Mehmet Talat Pasha The Livingston Group: According to Radar Magazine ‘ Bob Livingston keeps an ear cocked for whispers about the Armenian Genocide (why not just let bygones be bygones)’, his firm ‘recently forced a state department under-secretary to issue an apology for even mentioning the event.’ (266) | Aleppo [hanged] Deir-Zor [Inmates killed by morphine injection. Bodies thrown into the Black Sea], Ras Ul-Ain, Bonzanti Mamoura [1894-1896: 200,000+ dead. What had the Armenians done to deserve all this? Not much – their main offense was to be a Christian minority in a crumbling Islamic empire. ..The starving Armenians became a cause celebre among European & U.S. humanitarians. ...To no avail – the British government found the Ottomans a useful ally against the Russians & refused to impose sanctions.’ – Cecil Adams: Straight Dope] Intili, Islahiye, Radjo, Katma, Karlik, Azaz, Akhterim, Mounboudji, Bab, Tefridje, Lale, Meskene, Sebil, Dipsi. Abouharar, Hamam, Sebka, Marat, Souvar, Hama, Homs, Kahdem |
| Australia: Latin for South | |
| Wirntupinya-nyja-rru [They Killed] Juma-ngku [Child] Mass Graves Sisters of the Good Shepherd Magdalene Asylums Volksfront 1568: Spanish explorer Alvaro de Mendana 1606: Luis Valle de Torrez & Willem Janz 1642: Abel Janszoon Tasman 1788: English Penal Colonies 2006: Now a British Commonwealth Country Wal Campbell claimed the Good Shepherd Sisters were involved in a major racket. His paper hinted at babies born in convents & girls in the laundries being killed off or dying from exhaustion & being buried in strange places – Alan Gill | New South Wales Sydney: May 1787-January 18, 1788: Captain Arthur Phillip sailed from England with 570 male & 160 female convicts, 200 soldiers, 30 wives, & a few children in 11 ships to Botany Bay. The first white settlement in Australia & the beginning of the city of Sydney. Sydney Town Hall: Mass Grave Queensland Queensland-Sisters of Mercy Holy Cross Retreat & Girls Home-Industrial School for Girls [1904-1973: Co-located with the Magdalene Asylum for Unmarried Mothers at Woolowin, Queensland. Based on the Magdalene Asylums of Ireland. Mothers worked without pay in the laundries. Their children adopted out. Sent by the Children’s Court of Brisbane. Karalla the maximum security home with rotten food.], Brisbane-Mitchelton [Slave Laundry: Hotel sheets & tablecloths], Rockhampton-Mercy Sisters Orphanage [Neerkol] South Australia Adelaide-Plympton The Pines [Five meter high fence. Some sent by the courts, others transferred from the Goodwood Children’s Home run by the Sisters of Mercy] Tasmania: Abel Janszoon Tasman Hobart [Each of Australia's state capitals is not only the political center but also the chief commercial, industrial, & cultural center of its state. Each is the oldest or one of the oldest settlements in the state. Each was laid out near the mouth of a river & as close as possible to a good ocean harbor] Victoria Melbourne-Convent of the Good Shepherd Laundry & Collingwood Children’s Farm [1863-2003: St Helliers St, Abbotsford. Inmates segregated into penitents & preservites: orphans waiting for the arrival of a custody relative], Ashfield–Glentworth Home [1913-1978: Good Shepherd Laundry on Victoria St. Infirmary wing, sewing room. Police Courts sent girls there], Bendigo-Convent of the Good Shepherd Laundry [St Aidans Rd], Melbourne ’s Victoria Market [child mass grave] Western Australia [New Holland] Perth-Good Shepherd Laundry [Leederville] Northern Territory Darwin-Palmerston Ashmore & Cartier Islands Uninhabited Christmas Island Wackenhut Corrections: 2002: Immigrant Detention center. Jails asylum seekers Cocos Islands: Coconut Islands 27 islands 1720 miles NE of Perth: 1609: British East India Company: Captain William Keeling, West Island, South Island, Direction Island, Horsburgh Island Coral Sea Islands Heard & McDonald Islands, 2700 miles SW Pitcairn Island: Major Pitcairn 1767: Philip Carteret’s HMS Swallow. 1789: Mutiny on the Bounty: Captain William Bligh. Survivors settled on Pitcairn Island, Norfolk Island 1825-1856: New South Wales Penal Colony. 194 Bounty descendants moved from Pitcairn to Norfolk Island Sutton Forest, Central Railway Station, Fantome Island Aboriginal Leprosarium [Prison near Ingham for Aborigines, Maori & Pacific Islanders. A 7 year old child was jailed for 10 years], Peel Island [white prison] Bowral-Hopewood Childrens’ Home, Christian Brothers’ Bindoon Orphanage [Possibly the most appalling children’s home ever to exist in Australia – Alan Gill, Orphans of the Empire |
| Slavery Blackbirding refers to the recruitment of people through alleged trickery & kidnappings to work on plantations, particularly the sugar cane plantations of Queensland – Wikipedia Lady Julianne: The Floating Brothel: 225 convict women of solid breeding stock forced into sexual slavery. Ship journeys through the Carribean May 1789 to Sydney. One Scotswomen dies, 7 babies are born on arrival (134) Master & Servants Act 1861: 62,000+ South Sea Islanders taken to Australia to work as indentured servants in the sugar cane fields of Queensland More are taken to the plantations of Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoan Islands. Pacific Island Labourers Act 1901: An Act to provide for the Regulation, Restriction & Prohibition of the Introduction of Labourers from the Pacific Islands & for other purposes. It is an offence to employ a Pacific Islander in any other way than an indentured labour agreement, punishable by a fine of GBP 100. The Act prohibited any Pacific Islanders from entering Australia after March 31, 1904, & required all those entering before then to have a license. Immigration Restriction Act enacted 6 days later prohibited people from Africa, Asia, or any island in the Indian or Pacific Oceans from entering Australia. White & black indentured servitude continued until 1964. March 1966: Immigration Minister Hubert Opperman announced applications for migration would ’be accepted from well-qualified people on the basis of their suitability as settlers, their ability to integrate readily & their possession of qualifications positively useful to Australia’ | Curtin [Wackenhut Correction’s Immigrant detention center. Three year olds have been placed with their parents in punishment cells, teenagers sew lips together while on hunger strikes] Solomon Islands [Melanesia] [Islands: Choiseul, Guadalcanal (1942-1943: Allied vs Japanese Forces), Malaita, New Georgia, San Cristobal, Santa Isabel, Bellona, Rennell, Santa Cruz Islands, Bougainville, Buka, & a few smaller islands in the northern part of the chain part of Papua New Guinea. 1870-1911: 30,000+ islanders slavery on plantations in Fiji & in Queensland. 1978: Commonwealth Natiom] Vanuatu: Our Land [New Hebrides / Melanesia] [(pron. vah noo AH too) 1774: James Cook names islands after Scottish Hebrides 1906-1980: Condominium Agreement: England & France jointly govern, 1980: Independance. SW Pacific: 80 islands. Largest: Espiritu Santo [Language Bislama], Malakula, Efate [Port-Vila the capital], Erromango, Tanna New Caledonia: New Sea Holly [Melanesia] [1774: James Cook names the South Pacific Islands 1,200 miles NE of Australia after Latin word for Scotland, 1853-Present: Overseas French Territory Fiji [Melanesia: Black Islands] [1970: Independant from England. University of the South Pacific located on Fiji to the south of Kiribati] Kiribati [Gilbert Islands / Micronesia] [(pron. KIHR uh bas) Central Pacific NE of Australia. Independant & uses the Australian dollar. Contains Gilbert Islands (16), Banaba Island, Line Islands (11: Caroline, Flint, Kiritimati-Christmas Island, Malden, Starbuck, Tabuaeran-Fanning, Teraina-Washington, Vostok) // Jarvis, Kingman Reef, Palmyra (US possessions) & Phoenix Islands Tuvalu: Eight Standing Together [Ellice Islands: Edward Ellice / Micronesia] Samoa [Polynesia] [The four islands that make up Western Samoa are Savaii, Upolu, Manona & Apolina. A US Trusteeship until independance. Eastern Samoa is a territory of the United States & called American Samoa by some. 1772: Jacob Rogeveen. 1899- 1914: German colony. WWI: New Zealand troops took over; it became a mandate of the League of Nations, 1918: Famine. Tonga: South [Polynesia] [1865: Death of the last Tu'i Tonga, 1970: Independance: King Taufa'ahau Toupou IV (pronounced TAHNG guh) 150 Islands in the South Pacific Ocean 3,140 E of Australia. Tongatapu the largest island] |
| Aotearoa: White Cloud Land [Nieuw Zeeland] 1642: Abel Janzoon Tasman 1840: Treaty of Waitangi: English seize from native Maori 1842-1872: New Zealand Wars: 1/2 Maori dead 1862: New Zealand Company: Edward Gibbon Wakefield 1907: Dominion 1936-1938: Social Security | Christchurch [Anglican Canterbury Association], Dunedin [Free Church of Scotland], Otago [1862 New Zealand Gold Rush] Chatham Islands, Cook Islands [NE: 15 Self-governing islands: Rarotonga, Mangaia, Atiu, Aitutaki, Mauke], Niue Island [Self-governing], Stewart Island, Tokulow, Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Kermadec Islands, Snares Islands, Solander Island, Three Kings Islands |
| Austria: Growing Sun [Prussia] | |
| Die Grabeln [Mass Graves] | Elbigenalp-St. Peter’s Cemetery, Metnitz-St-Michel Chapel [plague], Breitenwang Chapel [plague], Elmen Chapel, Scattwald Church [plague], Hallstatt Salzkammergut [Prehistoric saltmine in Oberösterreich: Upper Austria by the Hallstättersee. Banned to visiters until the 19th century by the Salzkammergut: Imperial Salt Chamber under Franz Joseph I Hapsburg. 3000+ graves dating 1100 B.C. & more disturbingly, bodies of miners with implements buried near the old graves. Grave artifacts robbed & stored at the Besuch des Prähistorischen Museums], Bad Ischl Ebensee [Franz Joseph I Hapsburg’s WWI concentration camp. Mitter Weissenbach. Gunskirchen inhabitants death marched to Matthausen] |
| Arbeitserziehungslager [Labor Camps] IBM-DeHoMag 1934: IBM-DeHoMag conducts the Austrian census. 1936: DeHoMag printing center set up in Austria | KZ Innsbruck-Reichnau KZ Admont-Frauenberg [Under the jurisdiction of the Higher SS & Police Leader Alpenland. Five wooden barracks] KZ Lackenbach [Zigeunerlager: Gypsy camp in Burgenland S of Vienna near Hungary.] KZ Salzburg-Maxglan [Zigeunerlager: Gypsy camp. Salzbourg also has plague graves from the 13th century.] |
| Marienberger Komturia [Marian Order Camps] Anschluß: Annexation of Austria President: Wilhelm Miklas Chancellor: Arthur Seyß-Inquart WWI Tyrolean Kaiserjäger, Vaterländische Front. Nuremberg Trials: Guilty of planning, initiating & waging wars of aggression; war-crimes; & crimes against humanity. Gustav Steinbauer Defense. He was hanged on October 16, 1946. | KZ Elheim / Eltheim: Regensburg, Bayern. KZ Moschendorf KZ Sterzig KZ Oberlanzendorf Wien Zentralstelle für Jüdische Auswanderung: Central Office for Jewish Emigration Set up in Vienna on August 26, 1938 under Adolf Eichmann. Wilhelm Hotti Eichmann’s assistant. Soviet troops occupied Vienna in 1945. Allied troops remained in Vienna until 1955, when Austria regained its independence. The city was rebuilt, including the opera-house. Adolf Eichmann escaped to Argentina, was abducted by the Israeli Secret Service and put on trial in Jerusalem. He was sentenced to death. KZ Zwätzen: Burgenland [bordering Slovakia & Hungary. After Anschluß NAZIs forced the population to build the Ostwall a.k.a Zhelezniy zanaves: Iron Curtain containing barbed wire & landmines. It was finally taken down with the Berlin Wall in 1989] |
| Konzentrationslage [Concentration Camps] Steyr-Daimler-Puch Guns / Messerschmitt / DEST SS: Biggest stone-crusher in Europe Alois Klaubauf, a boy from Langenstein, shot by Chief of Staatspolizeileitstelle Linz: Linz State Police during a SS hunting party. Because the SS rules with absolute power in the area, inside & outside the camps, local civilians are endangered; investigations of local police forbidden by GeStaPo-Linz. Linz Hitler’s birthplace. SS exhange uniforms with Luftwaffe & German Army POWs, escaping into the mountains of Austria & Bavaria in 1945. Otto Skorzeny’s comrades get stamps from the American Linz Discharge office. | Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 006: KZ Mauthausen-Gusen [In Mauthausen, 20K E of Linz population 1,800. 186 steps lead from the stone quarry to the surface. Karl Chmilewski: SS Grünewald: Green Forest Division: Adam Gruenewald. Becomes the only category III camps in Third Reich history, meaning camp of no return. Todebadeaktionen: Bathing to Death: 3000. 4000+ gassed, crematorium, meat-hook hangings, skin/lamp shades/furniture firing squad execution 119,000. 2000: Simon Rattle leads the Vienna Philharmonic’s Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony & Friedrich Schiller’s Ode to Joy to a crowd of 20,000 with President of Austria Jörg Haider & his Freedom Party in attendance. Haider is accused by Boston University of supporting Waffen-SS veterans & the NAZI überfremdung: surplus of foreigners. Satellite broadcast throughout Europe, musicologist Thomas Dombroski notes The Vienna Philharmonic was the symbol of the National Socialist State & had enthusiastic NAZIs until well into the seventies Composed in 1824, it was conducted by Richard Wagner in 1872 in Bayreuth, Richard Strauß in 1933, Hans Pfizner in 1934, The National Socialist Orchestra at the 1936 Olympics, Wilhelm Furtwängler’s Berlin Philharmonic in 1942 for Hitler’s Birthday & at the dismantling of the Berlin Wall.] KL Gusen I: Langenstein [1939: Franz Ziereis. forced labor. 2000 die], KZ Hartheim: Hartheim Castle [Gas chamber inside the castle. Aktion T 4: Tiergartenstraße: SS-Hauptsturmfuehrer Karl Chmielewski has the Marienberger Order under Mathilde Weber murder handicapped German & Austrian civilians with carbon-monoxyde. 32,000+ killed between 1942-1943] KL Gusen II: Bergkristall-Bau: St. Georgen [At St. Georgen. Gas chambers, crushed priests, lynching, starvation, cannibalism, shot, 600 beaten to death, 420 children between 4 & 7 / 1300+ adults exterminated with heart-injections by Josef Mengele. organs harvested by Dr. Helmut Vetter of IG-Farben & Leverkusen with the SS Medical Academy at the University of Graz, 1945: Red Cross Delegate Louis Haefliger, asks Kosiek to prevent the murder of 25,000 Gusen inmates. The SS planned to blast all of them up with high-explosives in the KZ Gusen I & II tunnels along with the local population of St.Georgen & Gusen, to kill any potential witnesses at later trials] KL Gusen III: Lungitz [At Lungitz. 1942: SS find a grave yard from the Bronze Age. Local population forced by US-troops to bury hundreds of corpses SS guards leave behind] KL Gusen: St. Agyd Außenlager: Subcamps: Aflenz [Steyer], Alpang-Schlier-Redl-Zipf, Amstetten [two camps: one for male & one for female], Attnang-Puccheim, Bretstein, Ebensee Lambach, Ebensee Wels, Eisenerz, Enns, Graz [Puch Factories], Grein / Donau, Gross-Raming Bachmanning, Gross-Raming Dipoldsau, Gross-Raming Weyer Nebenlager, Gunskirchen, Hollenstein, Lenzing, Lind / St. Lambrecht, Linz I, II: Nebenlager Schörgenhub, Linz III: Kleinmünchen-Ebelsberg [H Goering], Loibl-Pass Nord [In Klagenfurt], Loibl-Pass Süd [ex-Yugoslavia], KL Melk, Mistelbach, KL Mittersill, Modling, Moosebierbaum, Passau I: Waldwerke, Passau II: Lindau, Passau III: Jandelsbrunn, Peggau I: Eisenhertz, Peggau II: Leibnitz [stonebreaking], Ried / Inn, St. Valentin [SE of Linz. Mauthhausen subcamp Nibelungenwerk tank factory], Steyr-Munichholz [Puch-Daimler plant], Ternberg, Vöcklabrück-Wagrain, Wien-Hinterbrühl, Wien-Haidfeld, Wien-Kaiserebersdorf, Wiener Graben, Wiener Neudorf, Wiener Hirtenberg, Wiener Neustadt [R.A.X Enterprises], Wien-Schwechat [Henkel Factory], Wien-Afa- Werke, Wien-Florisdorf, Wien-Jedlesee, Wien-Schönbrunn, Wien-Saurer-Werke, Zistersdorf [Petrol Gas] |
| Azerbaijan: Protected by Fire [Arran: Snowdrop Land / Transcaucasian Republic] | |
| Russo-Persian War 2nd Century BC: Atropatian Media a.k.a Adarbaijan in Persian overthrown by Sassanach King Shapur I of the Sassanian Empire 1719 AD: Russo-Persian War: Russia shares the Trans-Causacus area with the Turks 1920: Collectivized agriculture & religious school closures 1922: Transcaucasian Republic incorperated into the Soviet Union. 1991: Independance | (pron. ah zuhr by JAHN) Government controls economy: machine building, mining: aluminum, copper, iron, salt, petroleum refining, chemicals, textiles. Baku [World’s leader in refined petroleum. Largest producing oil fields on the Caspian Sea. Oil pipeline links Baku with the port town of Supsa, Georgia, on the Black Sea], Nagorno-Karabakh [1988: Real estate dispute with Armenia. 250,000 Armenians flee Azerbaijan for Armenia. 200,000 Azerbaijanis, almost all those who lived in Armenia, flee to Azerbaijan. 1994: Cease fire] |
| Bahamas: Spanish Baja Mar: Low Sea [Yucayas] | |
| Buaynara [Plague] Consists of the Islands: Abaco, Acklins, Andros, Bimini, Bahami, Yumaí: Cat, Crooked, Eleuthera, Grand Turk, Inaqua, Xaomatí: Long Island, Mayaguana, Xaübey: Mona, New Providence, Ojuná: Rum Kay, San Salvador | Yucayos, a tribe of the Taíno, the first people Christopher Columbus encountered in 1492. He massacred, raped, enslaved them. Yuca tree. |
| Bangladesh: Land of the Bengals [British India] | |
| Genocidal Famine 1502: Portuguese Manuel I-Vasco de Gama 1757: Battle of Plassey / Maratha War: British East India Company 1770: Bengal Famine claims millions 1781: Opium produced under British Government monopoly & sold to China. 1857: Sepoy Mutiny: Indian Army vs England 1858: Direct rule from England 1905: Bengal State partitioned by Marquess of Kedleston George Nathanial Curzon, Viceroy of India. Millions of Indians die in a famine, Curzon does nothing. Earl of Broome Horatio Herbert Kitchener organizes the Bengal, Madras & Bombay Armies 1943: Great Bengal Famine has 3+ million dead 1971: Biharis forced into squalid camps where they live to this day. | Bengal split in 1947. The western part going to India, while the eastern part joined Pakistan as a province called East Bengal, later renamed East Pakistan, with its capital at Dhaka. The eastern half of Pakistan seceded to form Bangladesh in 1971’s Indo-Pakistani War with 3 million+ dead & 10 million+ refugees fleeing to India. Kolkata-Calcutta lies on one of the Ganges’ distributaries, the Dhaka: Dacca, Bangladesh’s capital, on another. 146 million+ people in 55,000 square miles. Textile Workers make 14 cents an hour. |
| Bahrain [Ar-Ruad: Red Sea Place] | |
| Colonialism 1500: Portugal 1861: British Protectorate 1971: Independance | Made up of 30+ islands: Al Muharraq, Sitrah, Umm Nasan. Bahrain island is the largest. Manama [Capital city] |
| Belgium: Sacred Tree [Flanders / Netherlands: Low Countries] | |
| Pur-Sang [Pure Blood] 1830 : Belgian Revolution: King William VI of Orange sends troops to repress riots. New independant state of Belgium is proclaimed. 1948: Benelux: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg tariff elimination on trade among themselves. | Lüttich [Marian Order concentration camp. SS open Ardennen Lebensborn: Spring of Life: Source de Vie: home in March 1943 at Wegimont bei Lüttich. Pregnant mothers with Germanic blood accepted as well as children fathered by Fremdlaendi members. After the Liberation women & girls who had a love relationship with German soldiers were maltreated. Their heads were shaven & the swastika was painted on their foreheads.] |
| Camp de Concentration [Concentration Camp] Belge Watson: Emile Genon Militärverwaltung: Military Governors: 1940: Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt & Fedor von Bock Reichsgau Wallonien a. k.a Rex: Léon Degrelle Waffen SS Legion Wallonie: Alfred Graf Waffen SS ‘Langemarck’ Legion Flandern: René Lagrou | KZ Mecheln / CC Malines L’antichambre de la mort: Antichamber of Death[Antwerp, Flanders. A Sea-port town. Reich Security Sammellager: Assembly camp. 28 convoys of 25,257 prisoners shipped from Malines to Auschwitz. Malines-Terneuzen Railway. Only 1,207 survived V: Vergeltungswaffe: Supersonic Rocket Jet Engine Flyer carrying 2,000 lb bomb designed by Wehrner von Braun, later director of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center’s Saturn V. Dr Kenneth Hartman recalls 3,709 VI & V2s dropped on Antwerp. 4,239+ dead, 6,362+ wounded Oct 7, 1944-Mar 30,1945 (125). Pictorial works executed in the Maler Stube: Painter’s Room. Artists made to tattoo prison numbers on inmates & paint portraits of NAZI leaders & signs. Artists: Spicker-Awret, Félix Nussbaum of Ostende, Léon Landau of Antwerp, Irène Spicker & husband Azriel Awret of Brussels, Jacques Ochs of Liege] KZ Breendonck / CC Breendonk [Military fort on the Brussels to Antwerp highway. Jewish people’s cards stamped Juif-Jood. Auffangslager: Waiting Camp received Jews & political prisoners before their transfer to Germany. Starvation, grass eating, tortures, hangings, shootings. People herded into wooden sheds. SS guards: Wijss, De Bodt & Pellemans. Before the Allies came the last prisoners were death-marched to Vught.] KZ Huy [Fortress] KZ Louvain / CC Louvain [Prison] KZ Saint-Gilles / CC Saint-Gilles[Brussels. SS Volksgrenadier & SS Hasso von Manteufel Panzer Divison] Ypres [WWI: Kindermörd: demolished by artillery bombs. poison gas] |
| Die Wacht am Rhein: Ardennes Offensive: Battle of the Bulge 1944: SS’s attempt to seperate the US-British Army. Otto Skorzeny’s English-speaking German soldiers wearing allied uniforms & dog-tags taken from POW corpses change sign-posts, misdirect traffic, seize bridges on the Meuse River a.k.a the Maas River. Hitler agrees to pull back forces after a snowstorm kills off the troops, freezes weapons. Videogame. Battlefield 1942 After the war Skorzeny (now dead), escaped the deNazification camp & lived in Mt Warzmann, Bavaria as Rolf US Stennbauer. Escaped through the Zillertau to Italy & then to Spain. (132) | Baugnez [Operation Stösser: Colonel Friedrich August von der Heydte’s Fallschirmjäger Kampfgruppe machine-gun Allied Troops], La Gleize [SS under Peiper abandon vehicles & escape], Stavelot [SS Fuel stations blown up], Stoumont [American engineers blow up the bridge as SS invade], St. Vith & Bastogne [SS Bomb], Trois-Ponts [Destroyed] |
| Prostitution Prostitution is legal in Belgium | Antwerp [Franky De Conink’s Villa Tinto House of Pleasure designer Arne Quinze created furniture for the Rem Koolhaas Library in Seattle & Brad Pitt’s home in Los Angeles. Arne’s blueprints: input from local police, politicians & prostitute focus groups. Wired Magazine: They wanted something trendy & unique but also hygienic, ergonomic, & safe. 50 women’s biometric data in building security database. Amenities activated by a fingerprint reader. (138)] |
| Belize [British Honduras] | |
| Slavery 2600 BC: Maya civilization at Cuello, Belize cultivating chocolate, chilis, vanilla, papayas, & pineapples 1520 AD: Spain seizes for the Captaincy General of Guatemala. Maps show Belize as Guatemala’s most eastern province. 1638 AD: England seizes. 1797-1803: Garifuna-Carribs imported. English offer a reward of $20 for each Charaib man or woman killed or brought in prisoner. 1846: Caste War: Yucatán Secession 1862-1973: British Honduras 1992 - present: Commonwealth country under Queen Elizabeth II. Governor-General: Sir Colville Young, Prime Minister: Said Musa | Belize City [1638: colonized with slavery. Official language English & the sole language of instruction in its school systems. Languages noted on 2000 census: Kriol, Spanish, Garifuna, Kekchi, Mopan, Yucatan Maya. Census: 49% Mestizo: Mayan-European, 10%: Maya, 6%: Garifuna, 25% Creole: Black-European, 5% Plattdüütsch-Mennonite, with the rest counted as Chinese, East Indian, Jews, Muslims, North Americans], Altun Ha: Stone Water City [113 BC] ’Sugar, the chief crop, accounts for nearly half of exports, while the banana industry is the country’s largest employer. Citrus production has become a major industry along the Hummingbird Highway. Growth decelerated in 2001 to 3% due to the global slowdown & severe hurricane damage to agriculture, fishing, tourism. Major concerns continue to be the rapidly expanding trade deficit & foreign debt. A key short-term objective remains the reduction of poverty with the help of international donors’. – Wikipedia |
| Belorusso: White Russia [Litwa] | |
| Katranisanje [Mass Graves] 30th Division White Russian SS: Senior Obergruppenführer: Friedrich Jeckeln. Sentenced to death Belorussia: Bielobog White God Ruthenia, Chernarossija: Chernobog Black God Ruthenia. W. Ukraine Red Ruthenia | Koldichevo, Lahava [SS Friedrich Jeckeln: 14,000+ Hungarian Jews, liquidating Riga & Belorussia], Lida, VL Maly Trostenets / Maly Trostinec [1941: 500,000 killed. NAZIs tried to remove all traces of the camp. No survivors are known to exist], Minsk [The Capital], Mir, Niesez, Pinsk [SS Totenkopf: Death’s Head division ride in on white horses looking for Jews & Bolsheviks. Igor Kravek recalls one cart with women tied up & another with their sons. 16,000+ killed. SS Officer Herman married Gretel Braun, sister of Eva Braun. (129)], Ivanitchi [Village outside of Pinsk. SS Death’s head trample the victims with white horses. Nina Ijenkowa hears their screams & sees blood on the hooves. Vera Bulina says the people were forced to dig their own graves, shot, & dumped into them. One SS men played a mouth organ while others screamed at them to dance. (129)], Slonim |
| Bénin [Dahomey / Amazons / French West Africa] | |
| Slavery700 BC-1728 AD: Third Kingdom: Fetishism Priests. Thousands of women served in the army of the Dahomean kings & they were called the Amazon Corps 14th-19th cen: Bénin Kingdom: Edo People-Bini 1625AD- 19th cen: Dahomey Kingdom: Fon People: Vodun Priests 1502: Portuguese King Manuel I 1524-5s: William Hawkins: Treasurer to the Corporation of Plymouth: Guinea / Sierra Leone / Brazilian slave trade 1624: French King Louis XII 1895-1960: French West Africa: Afrique Occidentale Française: 1/7 of the continent with Cote d’Ivoire, French Guinea, French Sudan, Mauritania, Niger, Sénégal, & Upper Volta 1959: Council of the Entente: Upper Volta [Maurice Yameogo], Dahomey, Cote d’Ivoire [Felix Houphouet-Boigny], Niger [Hamani Diori] 1960: Independance Egbert Austin Williams & George Walker: 1903: In Dahomey First All-Black Musical on Broadway in America Frank Garvin Yerby, The Dahomean / Man from Dahomey © 1971 | Bight of Benin [Gulf of Guinea. Epicenter of the transatlantic slave trade. 15, 000 slaves per year or 5% of the population exported as part of the triangular trade], Benin City [Capital of the Bénin Empire. Benin sculpture recounts the arrival of the Portuguese, in brass plaques & statuary. Benin resisted signing a protectorate treaty with Great Britain through most of the 1880s-1890s. After 8 British representatives killed, a Punitive Expedition of 1897, under Admiral Sir Harry Rawson, conquered & burned the city, looted the sacred busts, displaying them in museums. Vicariate Apostolic of Benin says the 1902 population less than half a million] Brong Ahafo [Slaves for West African gold mines, ivory, kola nuts, sorghum & wheat plantations, shea butter, ostritch feathers, cloth] Dahomey [1660: Kingdom invaded by French Franciscan missionaries. 1674: Dominican Father Gonsalvez & companions poisoned; 1699: An Augustinian escapes death by flight. No further attempt to plant the Faith in Dahomey is recorded until 1860, when Fathers Borg Fernandez, of the then newly founded Lyons Society of African Missions, arrived Vicariate Apostolic of Dahomey established. 1880: France invades, women raped by French soldiers. Palm oil plantations. Ga people starved to death. 1892: French military expedition captures & exiles King Behanzim.] Ketu [Home of the Ewe people. Fon a subdivision of the Ewe. Yam Festival September 19th. Slavery in the Ghana goldmines & saltmines] |
| Bhutan: Sanskrit for Highlands [Druk Yul: Dragon Land] | |
| Colonization 1600 -1700: Tibetan Lama ruler of religious & state affairs from Sikkim. England seizes 1865: Second Opium War (Arrow War) / Bhutanese Massacre: English kill. 1910 - 1959: British India takes control 1959: China claims. Bhutan recieves communications & power. | E. Himalayas: E. Abode of Snow between Tibet & India. Thimphu capital city. – World Book Encyclopedia ©1998 1980s Bhutanese political dissidents, civilians, Nepalese expelled or fled to Nepal, where they were admitted into United Nations-run camps |
| Bikini [Marshall Islands] | |
| War 1788: Captain John Marshall: 29 atolls & 5 islands scattered over 780,000 square miles of N. Pacific 1886: Germany 1918: League of Nations Mandate to Japan 1947-1986: UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to USA 1986: Independance | Majuro [Capital], Bikini [1945-1958: U.S. nuclear bomb testing. Population moved to Rongerik, later to Kili. 1968: USA announces radiation reduced to safe level. 1978: Lawsuit: Radiation levels not safe, resettled. 1988: $90 million trust fund to be paid to Bikinians], Enewetak Atoll [(eh nuh WEE tahk). 1944: U.S. navy seizes from Japanese. 1947-1959: Atomic testing. Inhabitants removed to Ujelang. Contaminated by radiation. 1980: Cleanup. Marine lab.] |
| Bolivia: Simon Bolivar [Upper Peru] | |
| Avanguardia Nazionale [National Socialist Guard] 1824: Peru wins independance from Spain. Upper half named after Simon Bolivar. He is president of Gran Columbia: Columbia, Venezuela, Panama, Ecuador, Peru & Bolivia Hugo Banzer in power 1980: Luis García Meza Tejada in power with help of Fascist Stefano Delle Chiaie who founded the Avanguardia Nazionale & Nazi War Criminal Klaus Barbie Falange Socialista Boliviana is a political party. | Professor Bret Wallach: More than half the people of all the Andean countries, with the exception of Chile, live below the poverty line. Coca harvest in Bolivia from 270 million tons in 1996 to 30 million in 2003. Languages: Spanish, Quecha, Aymara La Paz [Nazi War Criminal Klaus Barbie] |
| Bosnia-Herzegovina: German Herzog: Duke [Dalmatia: Leaf Land / Yugoslavia] | |
| Katranisanje [Mass Graves] Yugoslav Watson AG 1699: Treaty of Karlowitz: Ottoman rule transfered to Hapsburgs 1878: Annexed by Austro-Hungary from Serbia 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Hapsburg & Archduchess Sofia von Chotkowa und Wognin, Duchess of Hohenburg assasinated in Sarajevo by Gavrilo Princip 1918: NAZI Hussar general Joseph Tito Broz (died 1980) declares himself president of Yugoslavia 1946: Bosnia-Hercegovina a republic in the Yugoslav state. 1991: Independance 1992: UN Peacekeeping force | Republika Srpska: Srebrenica [1997: journalists show pictures of corpses], Herzeg-Bosna: Mostar, Sarajevo [Breadline Massacre. People deported to Jasenovac Death Camp.], Brcko [Albanian SS/NAZI Prinz Eugen Division], Medjugorje [Ustasha police mass grave in Bosnia-Hercegovina People thrown off of cliffs into the stone ravines below. Dynamite used to blow the dead apart] |
| Iskoreniti [Extermination Camp] | Omarska, Manjaca |
| Botswana [Bechuanaland] | |
| Mass Graves South Africa, the Tswana people. Setswana language 1849: Dr. David Livingstone arrives at Lake Ngami 1885: Cecil John Rhodes seizes 1931: Gemsbok National Park | 1948: England seizes. Seretse Khama, chief-in-waiting of the Bamangwato tribe of Bechanaland marries Englishwoman Ruth Williams (d2002). The British ask Khama to renounce all claim to the chieftainship in return for lifelong payments; he refused, is banished, returning only in 1956, when he abandoned his claims to the chieftainship & became president of newly independent Botswana in 1966. Gaborone [pronounced gahb uh ROH nee. The capital] |
| Brazil: Portuguese for Glowing Ember Tree [Brasil] | |
| Quilombo [Slave Refugee Camp] 1500: Columbus’ Commander Vicente Yanez Pinzon (bee THEHN teh YAH nyehth peen THAHN) of the Nina & Captain Pedro Álvares Cabral invade. Cabral names it Brazil after the rainforest. 1502: King Manuel I of Portugal 1554-1578 : King Sebastião 1527-1598: Philip II of Spain & Queen Mary I of England 1604-1656: Dom João IV 1734-1816: Dona Maria I 1817-1831: Pedro I 1823-1841: Argentine-Brazilian War / War of Independence: Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (1803-1880) Adjutant of the battalion of the Emperor Pedro I & Minister of War pacifies local disturbances in São Paulo, Minas Gerais, & Rio Grande do Sul States & overthrows Argentine dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas 1851-1889: Pedro II & daughter Princess Isabel Orléans-Braganza (1846-1921) 1866: War of the Triple Alliance Caxias leads operations against Paraguay [60%+ of the population decimated]. Uruguay created by British mediation 1889: Battle of Mona Passage: Pedro II overthrown by United Fruit Company General Manoel Deodoro da Fonseca [Frederick AdamsConquest of the Tropics,1914] with the help of the US Navy 1900: Bubonic Plague 1930-1954:Estado Novo: Getulio Vargas 1955: Juscelino Kubitschek 2003: Half the country’s income goes to a tenth of its people. President Lulu da Silva, pledged his top priority was ending hunger. Favelas: slums. | Bahia State [1502: Imperial wealth from sugar cane slave plantations. 1871: Lei do Ventre Livre: Law of Free Birth children born to slaves would be free. 1888: Lei Áurea: Golden Law slavery abolished. 2003: More than half the sugar cane crop is cut mechanically, & more than half the country’s cane cutters have lost their jobs. Debt slavery holds thousands of Brazilians prisoner on guarded ranches] Palmares [1697: quilombo destroyed. Zumbi (1655-1695), leader flees & killed] Minas Gerais [1695: gold plundered & mined financing Europe’s Industrial Revolution], Copacabana [Incan City] Rio de Janeiro: River of January [Inhabitants of Rio are called cariocas: white man’s house. 1555: Sir Francis Drake, a slave trader in the Carribean, destroys 2.5 million Brazilian Tupi-Guarani & Tapuya. 1831: Caxias’ police battalions. 1900: bubonic plague.Instituto Soroterápico Federal : Federal Serum-Therapeutic Institute: Baron Pedro Afonso &Instituto de Manguinhos o Diretoria Geral de Saúde Pública: Public Health General Board: Oswaldo Cruz] Pará [yellow fever], Salvador [1530-1767: Capital], Brasilia [1960: Replaced Rio as capital] Parana [NAZI Dr. Josef Mengele performs abortions without anesthesia] São Paulo [1847: Santos to São Paulo: Coffee exports from fazendas: plantations through English railroads. 1920: 350,000 to 10 million bags. 2004: Brazil supplies half the world’s coffee. Coffee is the second most valuable commodity in world trade next to oil], Mato Grosso [Ferronorte railroad connects to Santos Port], Itacoatiara [Private barges float a million tons of Brazilian beans down the Madeira River to the Amazon where the crop is removed by giant vacuums & dumped in freighters] |
| Pacification Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon (1865-1958) First Director of the SPI: Servico de Protecao aos Indios: Indian Protection Service 1901: Pacifies the Bororo Indians 1906: Forges telegraphic links from Corumbá & Cuiabá to Paraguay & Bolivia 1907: Pacifies the Nambikuára Indians | Rio Doce Valley [1911: Pacification of the Botocudo Indians], São Paulo [1912: Rodon pacifies Kaingáng Indians. Nominated for a Nobel Peace Prize], Santa Catarina [1914: Xokleng pacified. Receives the Livingstone Prize from the American Geographical Society], Sepotuba [1918: Umotina pacified], Madeira River [Parintintim pacified. Rondon demands that each pacified tribe is protected by the Army &, later, by the State. He demarcates each tribal territory & tries to register it as the collective property of the tribe.], Gurupi River Valley [1928: Urubu pacified], Rio das Mortes Valley [1946: Xavante pacified. 1952: Xingu Indigenous Park, 1953: Inaugurates the Museum of the Indian] |
| Bulgaria [Dacia: Wolf Moon] | |
| Sveno Concentration Camp Watson Business Machines Incorperated Ltd, Sofia: Pavel A. Datsoff 101 AD: King Decebalus. Emperor Trajan resettles Dacia making it Romania. 986 AD: Bulgars from Central Asia rebel against Byzantine Emperor Basil I. The emperor rebuilds his army & defeats them. He is called Bulgaroctonus: Slayer of Bulgarians (133) 1500 AD: Ottoman 1879: King Alexander of Battenburg deposes the Ottoman Sultan to become ruler 1885-1919: King Ferdinand Wettin of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1865-1927) of Bulgaria & Romania-Moldavia 1913: Second Balkan War: Bulgaria seizes Eastern Macedonia, North & Central Serbia, Western Thrace & Southern Greece. 1919: King Boris III Wettin 1932: Sveno: National Socialist Party 1943: Prime Minister Dobri Bozhilov. 1944: Prime Minister Ivan Bagryanov 1984-1989: Turks adopt Bulgarian names. Some who refused killed, others forced to leave country – World Book Encyclopedia 1998: Vojtech Mastny, Ph.D. | Burgas [Black Sea Port. Luftwaffe seize Bulgars’ airfields & attack Russia], Plovdiv [German navy] Sofia [Capital of Bulgaria. Reichstag Office burnt in 1933. 1944: Fatherland Front has Bulgarian soldiers unite with Tito’s men in Yugoslavia. Georgi Dimitrov’s Purges of ‘46, & ‘47. Dimitrov, Politburo Premier, dies in 1949 on a trip to Moscow] Stara Zagora [SS, Naval Infantry seize railways. Every day 8 to 10 trains with food & raw materials depart to the Reich] Varna [Black Sea Port seized by the Luftwaffe] Zabokreg [Wehrmacht Unit] |
| Burkina Faso: Land of Honest People [French West Africa / Upper Volta] | |
| Governmental Instability Fulani Empire 1895-1960: French West Africa: Afrique Occidentale Française: 1/7 of the continent 1908-1958: Goumier: Moroccan, Algerian, French Sudan, Upper Volta soldiers who served in auxiliary units attached to the French Armee d’Afrique 1919-1932: Upper Volta 1932-1947: Dismantled & divided between Cote d’Ivoire, French Sudan & Niger 1947: Upper Volta recreated. 1959: Council of the Entente: Upper Volta [Maurice Yameogo], Dahomey-Benin, Cote d’Ivoire [Felix Houphouet-Boigny], Niger [Hamani Diori] 1960: Independance: General Sangoule Lamizana 1984: Burkina Faso Two main cultural groups, the Voltaic [Mossi, Bobo, Gurunsi, Lobi] & the Mande [Boussance, Marka, Samo, Senufo of Mali, Guinea & Ivory Coast] | The Black Volta, Red Volta, & White Volta rivers flow south to Ghana’s Lake Volta. Small rivers in the east flow into the Niger River Ouagadougou (WAH-GAH-doo-goo) [Moro Naba: Mossi Kingdom. Governmental instability during the 1970s & 1980s. Several hundred thousand farm workers migrate south every year to Côte d’Ivoire & Ghana. Children from Burkina Faso & Mali migrate to the Ivory Coast, where they hope to find work, particularly in cocoa plantations. There are many stories of these youngsters winding up as virtual slaves on the plantations, yet the flow continues, because conditions back home are so bad.] |
| Burundi [Deutsch-Ostafrika: German East Africa / Belgian Urundi] | |
| Genocide: IDP: Internal Displaced Person Camps 1885-1916: German East Africa Governors: 1889-1891 & 1895-6: Hermann von Wissmann, 1891-1893 Julius von Soden, 1893-1895 Friedrich von Schele, 1896-1901 Eduard von Liebert, 1901-1906 Gustav Adolf von Götzen, 1906-1912 Albrecht von Rechenberg, 1912-1918 Heinrich Albert Schnee 1916 -1962: United Nations Trust Territory administered by Belgium. Belgium has the multi-racial party leader assasinated. Military dictatorship. 1965: Prime minister assasinated Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Charter of the United Nations) in 1948, ‘The Declaration, an international law reinforcement of the Nuermberg Trial Judgements, upholds the rights of one nation to intervene in the affairs of another if said nation is abusing its citizens, & rose out of a 1939-1945 World War II Atlantic environment of extreme social split: at the one extreme, the heaven of many well-paying jobs for the desirable haves; on the other, the hell of homelessness all the way to concentration camps for the undesirable have-nots’ Wikipedia: Homelessness | The southernmost source of the Nile is the Ruvironza River in Burundi 1976: Colonel Jean-Baptiste Bagaza Watutsi-dominated military regime. According to Wikipedia his ‘human rights record deteriorated as he suppressed religious activities & detained political opposition members.’ Usumbura [1968 capital. Police state with barricaded checkpoints, french-speaking military with machine guns, semi-automatic weapons, & tanks] Bujumbura [The Capital City. NE corner of Lake Tanganyika. 1884: Germany seizes. 1899: Burundian king Mwezi Gisabo against German armed forces. 1905-1914: half of the population is starved to death.] Mpamarugama Camp [N. Area of Giteranyi, close to the Rwanda border] Muyinga [16 camps in this province alone] |
| Cambodia [Kampuchea / French Indochina] | |
| Prolai puch sah [People Murder] DeHoMag-CEC: Companie Electro-Comptable de France Machines used by the French War Ministry in France’s colonies of North Africa & Indochina President Richard M. Nixon authorizes bombing of North Vietnamese bases in Cambodia; over the next four years dropping more than a half million tons of bombs on Cambodia. Estimated dead 600,000+. War Powers Resolution: USA Congress refused to provide money for bombing beyond Aug. 15, 1973. Power to halt use of any U.S. armed forces the President has ordered into combat abroad. Angkar: Khmer Rouge | Angkor [100 AD: Funan Kingdom, 600 AD: Chenla. 800-1431: Angkor Empire seized by Siam then in 1880 by France as part of Union Chinoise: French Indochina. Khmer Rouge base], Battambang & Siemreab Provinces [French-Indochina rubber plantations connected by railroads to Phnom Penh. 1929: Great Depression: rice cultivators victims of moneylenders], Ek [Killing Fields: Khmer Rouge closed schools, hospitals, factories, confiscating all private property & relocating people from urban areas to collective forced labor farms. Abolished banking, finance, currency, outlawing all religions. 3.3 million+ estimated dead. Buddhist stupa with 5,000 skulls. Mass grave with 8,000 bodies], Tuol Sleng: Hill of Poisonous Trees [S-21 torture prison in Phnom Penh. Museum records state that of the 20,000 prisoners there only 7 have survived. Skull map of 300 bones dismantled in 2002. Leg irons. Executions by sharpened bamboo sticks, buried in mass graves. January 7, 1979 Vietnamese troops capture Phnom Penh, deposing the Khmer Rouge. Khmer Rouge retreat to the west, controlling an area near the Thai border for the next decade, setting off landmines & smuggling diamonds until 1999. Most of the remaining Khmer Rouge leaders live in the Pailin area or are hidden in Phnom Penh.] |
| Cameroun: Shrimp in Portuguese [Fulani Empire] | |
| Zone de Pacification First inhabitants the Baka/Bakola people. Fulani Empire stretched from Burkina Faso to Cameroun 1502: Invaded by Portugal. Portuguese cameroes meaning Shrimp 1884 Berlin Kongokonferenz: Triple Alliance: Invaded by Germany, called the Kameruns 1918: Handed to England & France after WWI. | Yaounde [Capital city. Another disturbing one is ZAPI: Zones d’Action Prioritaires Integrees], Maka-Njem [Maka & Ndjemé people. Languages Maka & Koozime. From Chad. Ivory trade before being used as forced plantation labor by the Germans] |
| Canada: Iroquois for Villages | |
| Slave Ships | Messrs Lambert & Co, Children ’s Friend Society/West Kirk Workhouse [1833 sold 200 children out as slaves in Canada], Nanaimo, Vancouver [Hudson’s Bay Company used indentured servants into the late 1800s] |
| Cillin: Killeen [Little Crosses] Child Mass Graves | Saint John Co. Almshouse [founded 1795 in New Brunswick children starved & made to work until dead. 1846: William Craig raped Ann Payton. she bore his child. found not guilty received Irish famine emigrants who died of typhus & cholera from contaminated water], Quebec [1990: Mohawk clash with Canadian armed forces over expansion of Quebec city-owned golf course onto ancestral burial grounds. Disputed land turned over to the Mohawk, 550,000 Canadians registered as Indians by the Canadian Department of Indian Affairs & Northern Development.: World Book Encyclopedia © 1998], |
| Workhouses | Belleville Co. Home [Ontario: 1887: George Francis Train crusaded against Pauper Auctions] |
| Chad [Tchad] | |
| Patriotic Salvation Movement 1000 -1846: Islamic Kanem-Bornu Empire 1500-1884: Slavery 1884 Berlin Kongokonferenz: Triple Alliance: Mandingo-French War: Belgian King Leopold II seizes Chad. Sara enslaved 1891-1959: French Equitorial Africa: Afrique Équatoriale Française 1960: Independance. 1962-1981: Frolinat vs Government Troops. 1983-1987: French Military vs Libyan Troops 1990: Patriotic Salvation Movement President Idriss Déby | Aozou Strip [1973: Libya occupies until 1994. Uranium & other minerals], Kanem [NE of Lake Chad. Sefuwa family Kings ruled for 1,000 years], Baguirmi [Kingdom], Ouaddai [Kingdom], Lake Chad [The second largest lake in Africa has shrunk down 90% through irrigation. Chad oil pipeline. Limited telephone, telegraph, & postal services. Famines], N’Djamena [Capital & largest city. Organisation of African Unity establish an Inter-African Force to intervene in Chad in 1981] |
| Chile: Where the Land Ends [Peru Viceroyalty] | |
| Genocidio Riggs Bank Capitán General Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (1915-2006) Dictator from 1973- 1990. President Salvador Allende takes over & Pinochet becomes a senator for life until 2002. 2006: President Michelle Bachelet (126) | (pron CHEE-lay) Santiago [1530: The Capital. Men of Chile, the survivors of Diego de Alamagro’s first Spanish expedition that massacres the Incas, Aymara & Mapuche. Pinochet died Dec 10th at a military hospital here according to the Washington Post. Slums with no running water, electricity, sewers called callampas: mushrooms because, like mushrooms, they spring up overnight. The world’s largest underground copper mine, El Teniente], Operation Condor: Pinochet collaberates with the military dictatorships of Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay & Argentina to have security forces for each country target subversives, guerrillas, & guerilla sympathizers. Arrested in 1998 in Britain on charges of 94 counts of torture of Spanish citizens & one count of conspiracy to commit torture & released. 3,197+ Chileans executed, others disappear, 35,000+ imprisoned & tortured by carabineros: uniformed police. NAZI SS Walter Rolf comes to Chile via Syria. (132), Central Chile [Arucana live on government reservations established in the late 1800s. 16% of Chileans live in rural areas. Most are inquilinos: sharecroppers on huge estates called fundos. Almost all the farmland lies in the Central Valley], Atacama Desert [Atacama, Diaguita], South [Ona, Yahgan fish] |
| China: Pure [Hwa Kwoh: Flowery Kingdom / Zhongguo: Middle Country] | |
| Bejing / Yenjing / Peking: Northern Capital, Manchuria 2700 BC: Emperor Huangdi & Emperess Xilingshi find white silkworm moths in the mulberry trees. Cocoons dropped in water unravel to silk Xia (2070-1600BC) 1700BC: Shang or Yin Dynasty. Rough woven silk called shantung 500BC Confucius, latin form of Kongfuzi: Great Master born. Disciples recorded his conversations & sayings in a book called The Analects 256 BC - 202 B.C: Ch’in [Pure] Dynasty founder Qin Shih Huang Di builds the Great Wall. Chinese is written in characters. There are seven dialects: Mandarin [Putonghua: Standard: Manchuria], Cantonese [Yue], Xiang [Hunan], Gan [Gan River, Jiangxi], Hakka [Guangdong], Min [Fujian], Wu [Shanghai]. Chinese is spoken with no tenses. Next Dynasties: Han, 3 Kingdoms, Jin, 16 Kingdoms, Northern & Southern, Sui, Tang 1215: Jin Dynasty: Golden Dynasty a.k.a Song: Beijing known as Zhongdu: Central Capital burnt by Yuan: Red River Dynasty. 1368: Khanbaliq Palace burnt by the Ming: Brilliant Dynasty, renamed Shuntian, then Peking. 1406: Ming Emperor Zhu Di builds: Zijin Cheng: Purple Forbidden City in Peking 1644-1912: Manchu Qing Dynasty. Imperial documents written in Manchu & Chinese 1729: Emperor Yongzheng bans opium 1774: British East India Company: Baron George Macartney of Antrim, Northern Ireland & Baroness Jane Stuart of Bute (daughter of the Prime Minister) 1799: White Lotus Rebellion: Sichuan 1800: Sir Thomas Wade & Herbert A. Gile’s Wade-Giles System for writing Chinese in the Roman alphabet 1838-1842: First Opium War: Anglo-Chinese War: Lin Zexu forces British Superintendant of Trade Charles Elliot to hand over 20,000 chests of opium for destruction 1840: English under James John Gordon Bremer on the Royal Saxon attack Canton. 1843: Bogue Treaty: China pays reparations to English drug traffikers 1844: Hong Kong Colonial Secretary: Sir Frederick Bruce, Knight of the Grand Cross 1851-1864: Taiping Tian Guo: Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace: Hong Xiuguan seizes Nanjing: Southern Capital & renames it Tianjiang: Heavenly City. Qing Forces end. 1856-1860: Second Opium War: Arrow War: Arrow warship seizes Canton. Baron Jean-Baptiste Louis Gros & Sir James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin, loot & burn to the ground the Yuan Min Yuan: Gardens of Perfect Clarity a.k.a Imperial Winter Palace & Qing yt Yuan: Garden of Clear Ripples a.ka Imperial Summer Palace in Peking 1860: Treaty of Peking: Outer Manchuria ceded to Russia 1894: Sino-Japanese War 1900: Imperial Powers seize Peking. Court flees to Xi’an. 1931: Japan names region Manchukuo The Soviet Union (19 million) & China (10+ million) suffered the highest toll of civilian deaths during World War II 1946: The Last Empress of China, Gobulo Wan Rong: Beautiful Countenance, dies of malnutrition & opium addiction in Yanji Prison. 1949: Mao Zedong = pinyin. Mao Tse-tung = Wade-Giles 1958-1962: Great Chinese Famine: Grain exported to towns & cities. 43+ million dead 1959: Ban on foreigners to country 1969: Sino-Soviet Border Dispute: Manchuria Cultural Revolution 1979: Pinyin System for writing Chinese in the Roman alphabet adopted by government 1997: Manchuria: Economic reforms. 25 million workers permanently laid off. 40% unemployment 2001: 1/5 of the world’s people live in China. 2003: Chinese state council begins to take apart hukous, household registrations whose origins can be traced back to distant imperial times. Until now, getting a permit to live in the booming coastal cities has been almost impossible for peasants, who were legally excluded from living in some of their own country’s cities 2004: 2.4 million Chinese hold two-thirds of the country’s liquidassets. | Hebei / Ho-pei Province [North of the Yellow River]: Named Zhili / Chih-li: Directly Ruled by the Imperial Court before 1928. Surrounds Beijing. 1860: Emperor flees to the Chengde Palace after the burning of the Summer Palace Liaoning / Fengtian / Fengtien Province: Shenyang / Mukden [pron. shuhn yahng. Capital on the bank of the Hun River. Tombs of the Manchu emperors. Province extends to Huang Hai: Yellow Sea. 1904-1905: Russo-Japanese War: Russians occupy, Cathay] Heilongjiang / Heilungkiang / Sahaliyan ula Province [Black Dragon River]: Harbin [Capital City on Songhua / Sungari River, a tributary of the Heilongjiang a.k.a Amur, Manchuria] Jilin / Chi-lin / Kirin Province [Auspicious Forest]: [1896: Chinese Eastern Railway across Manchuria to the Russian port of Vladivostok.] German Kiautshou a.k.a Shandong / Shantung Province [Rough Woven Silk]: Eastern Manchuria. Jiao’ao-Qingdao-Ch’ing-tao-Tsingtao [1860: Freiherr Ferdinand von Richthofen. 1898-1914: Admiral von Tirpitz’ SeeBattalion III: German East Asia Squadron. Reichsmarineamt: Navy administers area rather than the Reichskolonialamt: Colonial Office. Imperial German government builds city streets & Tsingtao Brewery in 1903. German influence extended to other areas of Shandong Province, including the establishment of rival breweries. World War I: Admiral Graf von Spee, SMS Cormoran. 1914: Siege of Tsingtao: Japan occupies the city & province under the Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1922: Republic of China], Lushun-Port Arthur-Ryojun [1898: Russia, 1905: Japan builds South Manchurian Railway 1954: Russia returns base to China], Weihai-Port Edward [1894-1895: Sino-Japanese War: Beiyang Naval Fleet annihlated. 1898-1930: England seizes under the War Office in London. Naval China Station.] Jiangxi / Chiang-hsi / Kiangsi Province [West of the Long River]: Nanking / Nanjing: Southern Capital [南京大屠殺: Nánjīng Dàtúshā Japanese: 南京大虐殺: Nankin Daigyakusatsu Japanese Imperial Army invasion on Dec 13, 1937 looting & burning the area. US Navy gunboat Panay destroyed. 10,000 corpse ditch, 80,000+ women tortured, raped & killed. Surviving women forced into military prostitution. Babies speared to death with bayonets. Young men machine-gunned, decapitated, & their bodies dumped into the Yangtze: Long River. Chinese soldiers death-marched to Shanghai: Near the Sea. Lieutenant General Tani Hisao’s official deathtoll 300,000 at Nanking War Crimes Tribunal 1947. Seen in 2004’s Kuni ga Moeru: The Country is Burning by Hiroshi Motomiya before being pulled from Weekly Young Jump Wikipedia], Jingdezhen [Porcelain], Shanghai: Near the Sea [Battle of Shanghai Japanese capture city in naval bombardment in 1937 against Chiang-Kai-shek], Yuntang [Yujiang County, Jiangsi Province. April, 2001: 600 troops attack unarmed villagers. Farmers refused to pay high taxes. Payment had been demanded even in 1998, when floods destroyed the farmers’ crops. Prime Minister Zhu Rongji promised relief, encouraging production of profitable crops like peanuts, sesame & garlic, instead of the traditional rice & wheat. – Professor Bret Wallach] Zhejiang Province [Crooked River], South Central China: Song / Sung Dynasty, Yangtze: Long River ValleyHangzhou [Capital city where the Crooked River is], Ningbo [1842: English Port] Shaanxi / Shan-hsi Qin / Shensi Province [Western Mountains]: Next door to Shanxi Province. Qin Ling Mountains Sichuan / Szechwan Province [Four Rivers]: Four streams that flow into the Yangtze: Long River. The Yangtze coming east from Tibet, flows through the agriculturally rich & densely populated Red Basin, Sichuan Province. The river then enters gorges extending to Yichang; emerging from them, it crosses the closely cultivated Tangho Basin around Lake Dongting. It then flows east to Nanjing: Southern Capital & the river’s mouth, just north of Shanghai. The provinces north & south of the river as it passes through the Tangho Basin are Hubei: North of the Lake & Hunan: South of the Lake. Chungking-Chongqin-Ch’ung-ch’ing, [pron. chuhng chihng. Capital of the Republic of China 1938- 1946] Henan / Honan Province [South of the Yellow River]: Villagers selling blood to get money to live on. Luoyang-Chengzu [11th Century BC Zhou Dynasty Imperial Palace], Anyang [Yin Dynasty Tombs] Hainan Province [Southern Ocean]:Imperial France seizes Hainan Island. Japanese occupy. The province contains 200 Nanhai: South China Sea Islands The rest of the islands are claimed by Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia & the Philippines Fujian / Fukien / Hokkien: SE China: Fuzhou [pron. foo joh. on Min River. 1642: Emperor Qing Kangxi orders coastal evacuation. Remnants of Ming Court flee to Taiwan. Coastal areas re-populated with Han hakka: guest families from Hainan & Shaanxi.1842: English Port: Teap & Camphor], Xiamen [shee ah muhn. 1600: Portuguese. 1842: English. Most of the overseas Chinese in SE Asia speak South Fujian dialect], Gulangyu Island [Wealthy], Dehua [Porcelain factories create Chinese Export Porcelain to Europe] Yunnan Province [South of Cloud Mountains]:S China Guizhou / Kuei-chu / Kweichow Province: S China Qinghai / Ch’ing Hai / Tsinghai Province [Blue Lake]: Mekong River flows southeastward from Qinghai province & forms part of the boundary between Thailand & Laos. Amdo [1960-1989: NE Tibet & incorporated into Qinghai Province. Monasteries destroyed. 1 million+ sent to Laogai-Gulags. Qinghai Railway links to Tibet] Guangxi Region [Vast West]:S China: Four river tributaries: Zhu Jiang: Pearl River, North, East & West: Xi Jiang / Hsi Chiang (pron. shee jee ahng) - connect Guangxi Region & Guangzhou. Hong Kong: Fragrant Harbor: Macao [Àomén / Portuguese Macau]:(pron muh KOW) Macao City, Islands of Taipa & Coloane at the mouth of the Zhu Jiang: Pearl River, Guangdong: Canton Province. Nam Kwong Group / Bank of China: 1557 AD: Portuguese colony on the south China coast |
| Nestlé Mickey Toys: Beijing, Peking | 1987: Their address is the Tiantanghe Labor Camp. Xin’an Female Labor Camp in Nanyuan produces 110,000 Nestlé toy rabbits in 2001. There are 180+ labor camps in China. Companies utilizing prison labor are exempt from income tax. ‘China has a vast forced labor camp system & perhaps the most secretive & widely feared penal system in the world.’ – Wu Hongda, Laogai Research Foundation |
| Lanzhou Zhenglin Nongken Food Ltd Gansu / Kansu Province [Long Mountain], North Central China | Lanzhou [pron. lahn joh. 1988: The biggest production base in China for roasted seeds & nuts. Founded by Taiwanese businessman Lin Ken. Dashaping, Xiguoyuan & Lanzhou Detention Centers inmates used to peel & crack melon seeds with teeth & bare hands in the frost. Blood & pus falling on the seeds marketed as Hand-picked Melon Seeds & exported to more than 30 countries including: the United States, Canada, Australia, France, New Zealand, & Southeast Asian countries. Those who do not meet their quotas are beaten to death. |
| Shanxi / Shan-hsi Jin / Shansi Province [Western Mountains] Brick Kilns Foreman Heng Tinghan: Wanted by the government Lieu Cheng, Professor of Labor Law: Shanghai Normal University: Forced labor & child labor in China are illegal, but some local governments don’t care too much | Su Jinduo & Su Jinpeng, brother and sister, kidnapped at a Qingdao, Shanghai bus station during Chinese New Year, loaded onto a minibus with other children to a brick factory in the next province. Hundreds of children & adults have been kidnapped in Central China to work as slaves being fed only water and steamed buns. Parents have petitioned local authorities to crack down on the kilns, banded together to try to rescue their chldren. Local authorities have sometimes turned parents away from the factories in collusion with the kiln owners. Labor Inspectors have taken children from freshly closed kilns & resold them to other factories. |
| Guolaosi: Worked to Death Bainan Toy Factory, Soonggang | 19-year-old Li Chunmei died after working a 16-hour shift at the Bainan Toy Factory in Soonggang. Guolaosi: over- work death applies to young workers who suddenly collapse and die after working exceedingly long hours, day after day. Local journalists say many of them are never documented but estimate that dozens die under such circumstances every year in the Pearl River Delta area alone. Zhu Jiang: Pearl River also known as the Canton River (122) |
| Mattel: Zhong Mei Factory Guangdong / Kwangtung / Canton Province [Vast East] Mattel Inc.: Fisher-Price, Tyco, Pleasant Company, Purple Moon, Learning Company. 2007: Mattel’s worldwide product recall of 19 million lead paint toys. China’s factories now produce nearly 80% of the world’s toys. US Toy imports from China rose to 222 billion last year. ‘Everyone tries to bribe the inspectors’ Anita Chan Australian National Unversity – US toy importers share blame in recalls, experts say, Tim Johnson & Kein Hall, McClatchy Newspapers ©August 16, 2007 | Guangdong Province [Produces exclusively for Mattel. Workers live in dormitories with up to 29 other workers per room. Slave labor, forced overtime, no sick leave. Robert Eckert CEO previously CEO Phillip Morris-Kraft Foods] |
| McDonald’s: Sewco Toy Factory Zhongshan District, Ghangzhou / Yangchang: City of Goats / Canton City | Spray painters supplied only a gauze mask. Workers operating dyeing machines lost half of their right palms & all of their fingers in accidents. 16 hour work day for 9.8 yuan. 45 yuan for temporary resident permit fee, 30 yuan deposit, 5 yuan monthly labour management fee & 60 yuan for food. After all charges & fees are deducted from the monthly wages, workers are left with nothing |
| Qualidux Toy Longgang District, Shenzen, Pearl River Delta | Henggang [Toy workers in ten factories studied by the AMRC paid less than minimum wage & forced to work overtime in excess of hours stipulated by Chinese labor law] |
| Chicco Toy: Zhili Toy Factory Shenzhen: Deep Drain Port, Pearl River Delta More than 60 percent of the toys sold in Canada are made in China. $55 billion global industry. | Kwai Yong, Shenzhen [Heavy mesh covered the windows. Doors at the bottom of the factory’s only stairway were locked to prevent workers making 7 cents an hour from leaving before they had met their daily quotas. When the last flame was doused, 87 workers were dead. Scores of others injured in 1993.] |
| Chinese Turkestan [Xinjiang: New Frontier / Eastern Turkestan] NW China Silk Road Xinjiang-Mongolian Uplands. Extends east from Western Turkestan to the Gobi Desert & Tibet | (pron. shihn jee ahng) Tian Shan Mountain Range [North], Kunlun Mountains [South]. Major cities: Urumqi, Hami, Karamay, Kashi, Yining. Tashorghani [Ancient Capital of the Sarikoli-Tajik Kingdom] |
| Inner Mongolia: Nei Menggu North China 1279-1368: Mongol Yuan: Red River Dynasty 1578: Altan Khan Golden King converts to Buddhism. He names Sönam Gyatso: Dalai Lama: Gyatso means Ocean. Dalai means Ocean in Mongolian. 1644: Manchu Qing reorganizes the region 1911: Country Split: Outer Mongolia = Mongolia 1931: Japanese occupy: Mengkukuo 1945: Operation Autumn Storm: Soviets seize | North: Greater Hinggan Range. South: Huang He / Huang Ho: Yellow River (pron. hwahng hu) & its tributaries carved out hills & steep-sided valleys in the huangtu: yellow earth. River runs 2,903 miles. Chinese region 1947. |
| Ningxia Hui / Ning-hsia Region [Tranquil Xia] N China Borders Inner Mongolia | The Hui are Chinese Muslims. Capital is Yinchuan where the Nine Western Xia Emperors’ Tombs are who ruled from 982-1227. |
| Bo Fan: Heights / Tibet: Roof of the World [Xixang: Western Treasure] SW China Annals of Lake Manasarowar: The Zhang Zhung civilization at Mount Kailash had 18 kingdoms in Tibet extending west to Sarmatians, Ladakh & Baltistan, southwest to Jalandhar, south to the Kingdom of Mustang in Nepal, east to central Tibet, & north across the Chang Tang plateau & Taklamakan Desert to Shanshan. Bon religious texts are written in Zhang Zhung. 645AD: Songstän Gampo overrus the Zhang Zhung Kingdom. As Emperor he introduces Buddhism. 763 AD: Tang armies invade Bactria & Kashmir, defeating Arab Umayyad-Tibetan forces. Tibetan forces invade China & battle the Tang Rulers for 80 years 1578: Altan Khan: Golden King converts to Buddhism. He names Sönam Gyatso: Dalai Lama. Gyatso means Ocean. Dalai means Ocean in Mongolian. Name Tibet from Persian 1727-1728: Civil War: Emperor Yongzheng vs 80,000 Dzugars 1904: British Mission 1908: Zhao Erfang’s Chinese Magistrates. Sichuan peasants. 1914: Simla Partition: British seize Arunachal Pradesh (Tibet now India) & recognize Chinese suzerainty over Tibet. 1950: China breaks up large estates of the lamas: monks & nobility, distributing them among the serfs: latin word for slave. Two Grand Lamas, Dalai Lama, Ruler of Tibet & Panchen Lama: leading spiritual authority: believed to be Buddha born again, authority ended. Xixang an autonomous region of China 1959: Dalai Lama exiled to India. 1960s-1970s: Lamaseries destroyed. Chinese control: airwaves, newspapers, foodshops, local government, Tibetans riot 1989: Some lamaseries reopen. Panchen Lama dies, his spirit is thought to enter the body of a newborn baby boy at the time of death. Chinese government selects their own. | Pamir Mountains [West], Kunlun Mountains [North], Mount Everest [South. In the Himalaya: Abode of Snow Mountains. 1938: NAZI Heinrich Himmler organizes a search in Tibet to find a remnant of white Atlanteans in a mystical area called Shangri-La: Sweet Sunny Day. At the Nuremberg Trials it is said that some SS Men were decapitated & their severed heads were used to talk with dead Eastern philosophers. The Legend of Atlantis is contained in K. Plato’s 399 BC Doric Greek Critias. Hellas-Athenian war in 9399 BC against the Atlantians & their mutual destruction from earthquakes & floods, conveyed to Solon by Egyptian priests. Timagenes claims that the survivors of the sinking Atlantis migrated to Western Europe, citing the Druids of Gaule as his source], Lhasa [Founded 600 AD. Gold-Roofed Potala Palace, former home of the Dalai Lama, has 1000 rooms. It is against the law to possess a picture of the Dalai Lama. 1788: British Gurkha regiment from Nepal invades], Shigatse [1774: George Bogle of the British East India Company introduces the first potatoes. 1791: British Gurkha regiment from Nepal destroys & plunders the Tashilunpo Monastery], Gyangzê [1904: British Army under Colonal Francis Younghusband kill 5000+ with maxim machine guns. Dalai Lama flees to Urga in Mongolia. British Trade Agent remains in area until 1944] |
| Colombia: Christopher Columbus [Nueva Granada: New Pomegranate] | |
| Genocidío 1498: Juan de la Cosa & his army of the Santa Maria assasinated by Colombian natives. 1514: Invaded by the Spaniards under Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Chibcha: People of the Earth decimated. Bacatá Sovereign, the Zipa [People of Chía: The Moon Goddess], ruler of the southern kingdom of Bogotá was Tisquesusa. Hunza Sovereign, the Zaque [Zaque people descendents of Xué: The Sun God], known today as Tunja was Nemequene. Quesada steals their gold & emeralds. Raids funeral kings of Sogamoso: Sacred City of the Sun 1531: Diego de Ordaz’s lieutenant Martinez tells of being rescued from shipwreck, conveyed inland, & entertained at Omoa by El Dorado: the Gilded One. Chibchas tell Quesada the legend of Guatavita Lake & the golden man who worships the sun. Quesada founds Santa Fé de Bogotá & starts desperately searching for the legendary city from Bogotá, never to find it. 1599: Santa Marta Rodrigo de Bastidas Revolt. 1700: Bogotá becomes the capital city of The Viceroyalty of New Granada which contained the areas that are now: Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, & Panama. 1819: Liberated by Simon Bolivar. He renames it Gran Columbia: Colombia, Panama, Ecuador, Peru & Bolivia. He is almost assasinated & retires as president in 1830. 1863: Rionegro Constitution names it United States of Columbia. 1886: Rafael Núñez: Republic of Columbia | Fourth largest country in South America producing coffee & 90% of the world’s cocaine: 500 tons annually. Bogotá [13% of population. Barrio La Perseverancia 1948: State forbids chicha, a maize based alcoholic drink, until 1991], Cauca River [1912: Simply Contractors LTD, an English Company drained Lake Guatavita dry looking for gold], Buritaca River [1525: Taíro: Chibcha for Goldworkers homes invaded by missionaries. Gold stolen, houses burnt & they are forced into the encomienda: work to eatconcentration camp slavery system according to Pedro Marty Angheira’s 1530 account. The Kogi, Wiwa, Ijka & Cancuamo are thought to be their descendants.], Orinoco River [Kera Chikara home of the U’we. Royal Dutch Shell drilling.], Tocancipá Reservation [1810-1940: The new Creole state intended to dissolve the Indigenous Reservations], Sesquilé Reservation [1940: Reduced to 10% of original size], Tenjo Reservation [1934: Reduced to 54]. Cota Reservation [1916: Re-established, recognized in 1991, withdrawn in 1998 by the state & restored back 2006], Sierra Oriental [300,000 acres of coco plants, 100,000 harvesters. FARC, ELN, AUC collect kilo taxes & organize kidnappings in areas they control. 15 mayors negotiated a cease-fire with the ELN. One mayor said our people are being shot, our roads are being blocked, we are being kidnapped. Paramilitaries promptly kidnapped six of the mayors. 58 Colombian mayors assassinated in a four year period beginning in 1999], Florencia [State Capital. Refuge of 14 mayors in 2003. The daughter of one elderly victim caught in crossfire between Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia: FARC & the army in 2003 said, I don’t believe this war will ever end. Every day it causes the death of more innocent people . Her mother had moved to remote La Montanita 50 years earlier to find a peaceful place to live. No luck. “She fled the violence,” a neighbor said, “but the violence found her.” ] |
| Costa Rica: Spanish for Rich Port [Mexican Empire] | |
| Imperialism 1821: Broke away from Spain & joined the Mexican Empire. | 1823: United Provinces of Central America. Five Central American countries–El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua & Costa Rica. |
| Côte d’Ivoire: Ivory Coast [French West Africa] | |
| Mass Graves Kong, Bouna, Gayman, Kabadugu & Sanwi Kingdoms 1625: French Louis XIII 1895-1960: Part of French West Africa: Afrique Occidentale Française: 1/7 the Continent in the Gulf of Guinea 1932-1947: Upper Volta attached to Cote d’Ivoire to ensure a steady supply of low-cost labor 1959: Council of the Entente: Upper Volta [Maurice Yameogo], Dahomey-Benin, Cote d’Ivoire [Felix Houphouet-Boigny], Niger [Hamani Diori] 1960: Independance | Abidjan [1890s: France invades against the Mandinka & the Baoulé through 1917. Plantations of coffee (third place in total output behind Brazil & Colombia), cocoa (world’s leading producer), pineapples & palm oil crops produced by forced-labor system. Baoulé Félix Houphouët-Boigne’s Cocoa Union in 1944 ends official forced labor & he becomes a member of Parliament], Yamoussoukro [1983: Drought, riot police enter in 2000, Cocoa prices in 2000, $700 a ton; a year later, after civil war had broken out in Ivory Coast, they were at a 17-year high of $2,400 a ton. One producer there, contrasting conditions for Ivorian producers with those for the subsidy-protected farmers of Europe & the United States, said, we are forced to live like rats. November 2004: French Army machine gun civilians, United Nations Peacekeeping Forces. International human rights organizations have noted problems with the treatment of captive non-combatants by both sides & the re-emergence of child slavery among workers in cocoa production.] |
| Croatia: Hrvatska [Illyria: Apple Place / Yugoslavia] | |
| Masovna Grobnica [Mass Grave] Yugoslav Watson AG Ustashi Police: Ante Pavelic, Cardinal Alojzije Stepinac (1898-1960), Father Draganovic, Bishop Ivan Saric, The Hangman | Beram [Plague], Bjelovar [Orthodox Church worshippers speared with bayonets by Ustasha NAZIs], Blagaj [villagers buried alive], Dubrovnik, Gudovac [villagers stabbed in their beds, death by firing squad], Karlovac, Korencia [NAZI ’s kill 45], Osijek, Ovcara, Pakrac, Prekopa [Ustasha kill 260 Serbs], Sibenik, Trebinje [mass murder], Vukovar [Franjo Tudjman ’s neo-NAZI Croatian army massacres Serbs. Milsovec ’s army retaliates. In the Slavonia region. Slobodan Milosevic (now dead)’s public relations agent was Mark Edmond Clark (266)], Vojnik [Burned to death. Alperin v. Vatican Bank & Franciscans OFM] Zadar |
| Groblje Logorasa na Otoku Rabu [Rab Camp Cemetery] The design for the concentration camp inmate cemetery in Kampor Bay, island of Rab, was made by Edvard Ravnikar in 1953. The memorial complex was built in honour of the victims of the Italian concentration camp in operation on the island of Rab in 1942 & 1943 / Projekt uredenja groblja za logorasve u Kamporskom zaljevu na otoku Rabu izradio je arhitekt Edvard Ravnikar 1953. godine. Memorijalni kompleks podignut je u pocvast zvrtvama talijanskog koncentracijskog logora, koji je na otoku Rabu postojao izmedu 1942. i 1943 – Oris Magazine | Rab Island [WWII: 10,000 capacity: seperated departments for Serbians, Croats & Jews. Fascist Italy. According to official Italian records 1267 dead from starvation & winter cold, 800+ died later after relocation to Italian concentration camps Gonars & Padova, 1079 marked graves. According to Commission for determining crimes for Croatian littoral, number killed is 4641. July 1942 & September 1943. – Wikipedia: Source: Milac, Metod M.: Resistance, imprisonment & forced labor : A Slovene student in World War II] |
| Logorasa na Otoku Goli [Goli Otok Concentration Camp] | Goli Otok Island [Nearby to the Island of Rab. Prisoners of the communist camp made the Rab Camp Cemetery memorial in 1953.] |
| Vernichtungslager / Logor Jasenovac [Jasenovac Death Camps] Department III UNS: Ustaska Narodna Sluzba Vjekoslav 'Max' Luburic designs 26 concentration camps After the war he fled to Spain & was assasinated in 1969Miroslav Mastorovic: Tried & executed in 1946 Andrija Artukovic: Fled to America, extradited by the US to Zagreb, died in prison January 16, 1988. Dinko Sakiç: Fled to Argentina. Tried in the 1990s & sentenced by Croatian authorities to 20 years in prison. Petar Brzica: Fled to the United States. His name was on a list of 59 Nazis living in the US given by a Jewish organization to the Immigration & Naturalization Service during the 1970s. Brzica has remained unrevealed. Nada Sakic: Released Feb 1, 1999 due to insufficient evidence. | VL: Jasenovac I: Krapje [Largest killing field in Europe. Called the Auschwitz of the Balkans. Official killing figures: 1 million+ Serbs, 25,000+ Jews & 80,000+ Roma Gypsies & Croatian anti-fascists. Established 1941 & demolished 1945 On the bank of the Sava River, 62 miles southeast of Zagreb.] VL: Jasnovac II: Brocvica [Serb cutter, a Ustasa slaughter knife. On August 29, 1942, bets were made among prison guards as to who could liquidate the largest number of inmates. Petar Brzica cut the throats of 1,360 prisoners with a butcher knife.] VL: Jasnovac III: Ciglana [April 22, 1945: Ustasha killed the remaining prisoners, blasted & destroyed the buildings, guard-houses, torture rooms, Picili Furnace & other structures. Upon entering the camp, the liberators found only ruins, soot, smoke, & dead bodies.] VL: Jasnovac IV: Kozara [killing field liquidated 220,00 people in one day] VL: Jasenovac V: Stara Gradis v ka [Specializes in killing women & children. Nada Sakic, Max Luburic’s half sister & the wife of Dinko Sakic, last Commander of Jasenovac concentration camp, a Ustasha guard] Sisak [Children’s camp in the Northwest Croatia part of the Jasenovac Vernichtungslager Killing old men, women & children] Donja Gradina [Directly accross from the Sava River. Execution site.] Granik[Execution site] |
| Iskoreniti [Concentration Camps] | Gospic, Kerestina [near Zagreb 14 escaped in one night. 77 communists killed], Sterek [Kozara survivors killed here], Zagreb [hung to death on Eastern Orthodox Christmas, January 7, 1942 half a million Serbs killed, quarter of a million expelled, & 200,000 forced to convert to Roman Catholicism.] |
| Prostitution / White Slavery Is it a crime to sell women? They sell footballers, don’t they? – Milorad Milokovic, after his brothels in Prijedor were raided. | Prijedor [Milorad Milokovic’s brothels. Women starved on one meal a day, beaten, & forced into sexual slavery. Charged with human trafficking & slave possession. According to National Geographic magazine Milokovic is demanding compensation for his property by the United Nations International Police Task Force.] |
| Cuba [Bayatikeri] | |
| Slavery Due to its depiction of apparent torture, the Motion Picture Association of America rejected the original poster for The Road to Guantánamo, Michael Winterbottom’s docudrama based on three real-life Guantánamo detainees. It showed a prisoner hanging by his bound hands with a burlap sack over his head. A new MPAA-approved version crops out the prisoner’s head. – Monitor, Entertainment Weekly, June 2, 2006. | One million Africans were delivered to Cuba to be sold as slaves. The first slaves came from Mozambique & the Congo, & later Nigeria, Ghana, Togo, Benin & Cameroun. 1898: Spanish-American War: USS Maine sunk in Havana. 1959: Castro expelled the Chinese from Cuba. |
| Czech Republic [Bohemia: Milk Land] | |
| Masov´y hrob [Mass Grave] | Ausona-Hallstatt Chapel [near Prague. plague bones on walls & ceilings, bone chandelier] |
| Vyhubit [Extermination] Prague KreditBank: Emile Kuczek Watson Printing Plant: Director Emil Kuzcek & Co-Manager Georg Schneider 1936: Near Prague. 16 presses & two cutting machines. Czechoslovakian State Railways utilize 52.2 million punch cards per year. 1938: Statistical Office for the Protectorate of Bohemia & Moravia Prague. 102,000 of the 200,000 Kroner value held by Stefan Schmid, IBM’s attorney in Prague & 98,000 to IBM European General Manager John Holt. SS Governer of Czechoslovakia: Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich, The Blond Beast, The Butcher of Prague, Der Henker: the Hangman Prague Cathedral, Wencelas Chapel. Documented 11 million murdered Jews at the Wannsee Conference. Assasinated by Czech patriots, Jan Kubis & Josef Gabcik in Prague with a bomb May 26, 1942 on his journey to implement Final Solution for France. Ernst Kaltenbruer takes over. Father Bruno composer of the opera Amen: Reinhard’s Crime. | Holletrith Arbeitseinsatz 150: Graslitz / Kraslice [Hollerith Work Death 150: Inmates sent for extermination in Flossenbeurg] Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 561: KZ Neu Rohlau bis Nikolsburg / Nová Role [Near Prague: Director Christel Jankowsky. Pohl von der Neudeker Papierfabrik. Invalids amputated. Russian POWs, Catholics, 70 & 80 year old men & women. Train passengers unloaded with pistols. In the Kitchen of Hunger people grab for potato peelings.. Inmates sent for extermination in Flossenbeurg after being worked to death in the Bohemia China Factory] Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 603: Holleischen-Staab / Holysov [Inmates sent for extermination in Flossenbeurg. Holysov now production site of DaimerChrysler] Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 887: Zwodau / Svatava [Inmates deathmarched to Flossenbeurg] Aussig [Massacres in 1945. Residents shipped off to KZ Lerchenfeld & KZ Schöbritz] |
| Terezin Koncentracní tábor [Theresienstadt Concentration Camp] Central Office of the Reich’s Security Archive 1921: Czech word robot used to describe mechanical workers in play R.U.R by Karel Capek. Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich & Hans Gunther receive Slavs & others racially unfit for Germanification. – Prague | Bypass built from Prague 60 km away to the camp. 50000+ per year processed at the Bohusovice railway station, starvation, typhoid fever, spotted fever, no sanitation. Death Marches. Autumn Transports: living witnesses, those who knew too much, removed. ‘The Terezin columbarium, filled with paper urns containing the ashes of prisoners tortured to death in Terezin & cremated in the crematorium of the camp, liquidated. About 17 thousand urns, possibly more, were dumped in the Ohe river, the remainder in a pit near the Litomerice concentration camp’ Außlager: Subcamps:Bohusovice |
| Denmark [Danuna: Water from Heaven] | |
| Gravens [Mass Graves] | Church of Nørre Alslev [Plague] |
| Folkedrab [People Murder] Denmark’s SS. Ministerialdirektor: Werner Best Returned to Germany as legal adviser to the Stinnes group of firms. 1969: arrested on charges of mass murder in Poland, but released. Freikorps Danemark / 24th SS Totenkopf Verbande ‘Danemark’: 1164 man reinforced battalion that served in the Demyansk Pocket. Led by Christian Frederick von Schalburg, a Ukrainian-Danish count who died in the frontlines | After the war members prosecuted with the Danish government evading responsibility by saying that the volunteers should have known that the government was merely acting under duress when it set up the Freikorps & signed the Anti-Comintern pact Final Solution Some Danish Jews escape to Sweden Copenhagen Telephone Company [1900: Telegraphone Magnetic Voice Recorder using steel wire invented by Valdemar Poulsen. 1907: Poulsen & Pederson patent DC Biasing Method in the USA. WWI: U.S. Navy seizes Telefunken radio station at Sayville, Long Island, using Telegraphone wire recorders to send high speed transmissions to Germany. At his death in 1942 he was a fellow of the Danish Academy of Sciences & the Swedish Institute for Engineering Research. Copenhagen a shared city between Zealand: Sjæl-land & Amager Islands], Arhus, Odense, Alborg. |
| Institut for Racehygiejne & Eugenik SS Sturmbannführer Dr.Carl Vaernet: SS-Runen - SS 1792 & SS 1809. | Dr Carl Vaernet: Human experiments on concentration camp prisoners. Pink Triangle Prisoners cured by synthetic hormone injections, lobotomies & castration. Tortured Roma Gypsies. Injections of Fleck-typhoid. No Trial. Went by Rat-Line North-Route to Sweden & in 1946 escaped to Argentina, continuing his torture at the Buenos Aires Health Department under Perón until his death in 1965. His son Dr. Kjeld Per Vaernet, also a lobotomizer with gruesome records, escaped under Carlos Pineyro’s Danish Ratline to Argentina in 1947. He has been awarded the Dannebrogorder. Icelandic Falkeorder. UN Service Medal. – The Search for Danish KZ |
| N. Fryslân [N. Frisian Islands/Jutland] | Fanø, Esbjerg, Mandø, Rømø, Langli [Denmark’s peninsula, called Jutland, shares a 42-mile border with Germany. It is covered by moraine: earth & stone deposited by melting glaciers thousands of years ago.] |
| Djibouti [French Somaliland] | |
| Xusuuq [Mass Murder] Vichy Camps de Concentration 200AD - 600AD: Aksum Kingdom: Now Eritrea, N Ethiopia, parts of Sudan & Djibouti Part of French East Africa: Horn of Africa with Ethiopia [Italian East Africa], Eritrea [Italian Somaliland], Somalia [British Somaliland], Sudan [Anglo-Egyptian Sudan] & Kenya [British East Africa]. 1884: Danakil Sultanate of Tadjourna brought under French Protectorate 1946: Part of French Union 1967: Renamed Territory of the Afars & Issas 1977: Republic of Djibouti. | Ambabo [Coastline seized by France in 1856. The ‘Mad Mullah’ fought against the British in 1901, and it took until 1920 for the British to regain control], Shoa [Explorations of by Rochet d’Hericourt (1839-42), Henri Lambert, and Fleuriot de Langle.] |
| Ecuador: Spanish for Equator [Peru Viceroyalty] | |
| Genocidio The equator crosses Ecuador. 1534: Spaniards overthrow the Inca Empire & rule the country for almost 300 years. Inca means Emperor. 1822: Independance from Spain under Simon Bolivar. Joins Gran Columbia with Columbia, Venezuela, Panama, Peru & Bolivia. Own country by 1830. | Cotopaxi [N in the Andes. One of the highest active volcanoes in the world] Rural areas have few hospitals or medical clinics. Many of the rural poor suffer from malnutrition & from an intestinal disease called dysentery. |
| Egypt: Below the Aegean [Kemet: Black Soil Land / British Egypt] | |
Strabo records Egypt meaning Below the Aegean Egyptian Dynasty ended with Assyrian invasion in the 7th century BC 381 BC: Alexander drives Pharoah Cingris from Egypt into Ethiopia, founds Alexandria. 260 AD: Palmyrene Empire: Syria, Palestine & Aegyptus 391 AD: Patriarch Theophilus of Alexandria has god images molten into pots, utensils for the use of the Alexandrian church 634-750 AD: Umayadd Caliphate 750 AD-972 AD: Abbasid Caliphate 972-1171 AD: Fatimid Caliphate capital at al-Qahira (Cairo): the Triumphant 1792 AD: Napolean invades British Egypt for gold, ivory 1830 AD: Viceroy of Egypt Mohammed Ali Pasha moves Ramses II’s 3300-year-old Obelisk of Luxor to la Place de la Concorde. Cholera kills 19,000 1855-1869: Suez Canal Company opens to shorten the route between England & India, concession to operate the canal until 1968 1883: Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Earl of Khartoum & Broome commander of the Egyptian Army. He is a Sirdar from 1892-1899 1911-1916: Secretary of War Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Earl of Khartoum & of Broome blocks ships of Enemy Nations 1917: British High Commissioner for Egypt: Henry McMahon 1919-1925: British High Commissioner for Egypt: Viscount Edmund Henry Hyndman Allenby: The Bull 1940: Mussolini invades. Hitler sends Afrika Korps tank units under General Ernst Rommel: The Desert Fox. 1944: Lord Moyne, British Minister of State for the Middle East assasinated in Cairo 1948-1950: Arab-Israeli War: Palestine partitioned. Suez bans Israeli ships. 1956: Suez Crisis: Egyptian President Gamal A. Nasser seizes the canal & announces canal tolls will build the Aswan Dam. England, Israel & France attack. 25,000 Mizrahi Jews expelled from Egypt. UN calls a cease-fire 1967-1975: Six Day War: Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran to shipping. Israel controls Gaza Strip & West Bank 1972: Waffen SS Kurt Waldheim, UN Secretary exports UNDOF: United Nations Disengagement Observer Forces to Syria, Israel & Egypt. Suez canal closed 1980: Anwar Sadat assassinated, current President Hosni Mubarak. | al-Qahira: Cairo [Lord Kitchener’s Egyptian Army], Tel-el-Kabir/Alexandria [British Army called the EEF: Egyptian Expeditionary Force], Nubia [First cataract of the Nile River. Colonized by Egypt in the fourth millenium BC. Kushite kingdom pyramids], Saqqarah [King Zoser’s Step-Pyramid at Memphis], Al Jizah [Pyramids of Giza: 10 pyramids & Sphinx: 2600 to 2500 B.C. 5th Dynasty. Later Egyptian kings built secret tombs in cliffs], Medinet-Habu [Valley of the Kings: 20th & 21st Dynasties. Ramses III Funerary Tomb]. Adulis, Axum, Pa-Kes [Fakus-Gósen: Land of Goshen a.k.a Gesan, Kessan, S of Avaris: Hatwaret, where the later city of Pi-Ramesses was built. Joseph vizier for one or more pharoahs whose identity is not established with certainty, but some have cited evidence that these were Kakaure Senuseret III & his later co-regent Nimaatre Amenemhat III, who ruled from Avaris in the 19th dynasty, on the Bubastite or Pelusiac branch of the Nile River], Matara [Port cities. Roman & Greek sources indicate that an Axumite kingdom was thriving in the first century AD. Converted to Christianity under the tutelage of a bishop named Frumentius & sheltered Muhammed’s first followers], Gaza Strip [1998: Yasser Arafat & Binyamin Netanyahu share] |
| El Salvador [Cuscatlán: Land of Jewels] | |
| War The jewel name is from the Pipil people 1821: Broke away from Spain & joined the Mexican Empire. 1823: United Provinces of Central America. Five Central American countries–El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua & Costa Rica. | US backed Contras vs Sandanistas. 1992: United Nations negotiates a cease-fire. San Salvador [Roman Catholic Archbishop Oscar Arnulfo Romero slain with a single bullet on March 27, 1980. During El Salvador’s 12 year civil war, the military was blamed for forming death squads that killed thousands. The day before he was killed, Romero publically criticized the army. A U.N. truth commission concluded that Maj. Roberto D’Aubuisson (d. 1992), a death squad leader who went on to found the current ruling party, the Nationalist Republican Alliance, had ordered Romero’s killing. Buried at the Metropolitan Cathedral, The Vatican is currently considering him for sainthood – Worshippers Attend Mass for slain Archbishop, Associated Press © March 31 2007 |
| England [Great Britain: White Cow / United Kingdom] | |
| Northumbria Concentration Camps British Tabulating Machine Company: Hollerith ‘Colossus’: University of Manchester Yorkshire Bank PLC / Yorkshire Penny Bank / Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Corpse Roads: 40 mile Lyke Wake Walk across the North Yorkshire moors from Osmotherly, north of Thirsk on the A19, to Ravenscar, a cliff south of Robin Hood’s Bay 1670: Royal Society Stepped Reckoner Machine: Wilhelm Gottfried von Leibnitz 1788: Sir William Peel: Dolben Slave Carrying Act 1833: Analytical Machine: Charles Babbage under Sir Robert Peel 1941: Director Harold Keen. Hollerith machines called bombes 1845: Hon James Lawrence, Tory Lord Mayor of Lerpwl: Liverpool & local booze baron, refused to hold any conference on relief. Liberty Gaol (House of Love): Home of the Governor. Prime occupation punishing vagrants. whippings, treadwheel, slavery to Australia. clothes fumigated in sulphur disinfector room, sick bay death disposal, police station in 1956. ’Hush-a-bye baby, on a tree top. When you grow old, your wages will stop. When you have spent the little you made. First to the poorhouse &: then to the grave.’ – Ripon Museum Trust Registered Charity No. 512913, The Workhouse Museum, Sharow View, Allhallowgate, Ripon HG4 1LE | Co. Northumberland / Deira [Oak]: Alnwick, Belford, Bellingham, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Castle Ward, Glendale, Rothbury Co Cumbria [White Grain]: Alston, Brampton, Cockermouth, Longtown, Penrith, Wigton Co Durham / Bryneich [Bryn-Hill + Eich=Water]: Barnand Castle [1899: Lord Barnand], Chester-le-Street, Darlington, Durham, Easington, Gateshead [1889: Bensham railway station. crematorium for 1,000+ vagrants], Hartlepool, Houghton-le-Spring, Lanchester, Sedgefield, Stockton, Teesdale, Weardale, Shields Co. Lancaster / Lancashire / Caerhirfryn [High Palace]: Ashton [1777], Barrow [1878], Barton [1853], Burnley [1777], Bury [1797], Caton, Chorley [1777], Chorlton [1853: 300], Clitheroe [1870: 200+], Fylde [crematorium], Garstang [1777], Bolton [1734, 1865-1895: Burial Board. Bodies transfered to St. Leonards Burial Ground], Haslingden [1811: mortuary, steam laundry, lunacy wards], Leigh [1850: 400+], Lunesdale [1872], Lancaster [1777: 80+ butter churning, infectious hospital], Manchester [1776-1855: 1,660+ Infirmary designed by Mills & Murgatroyd: Extension to Victoria Station], Neville Hall [1753], Ulverstone [1867], Oldham, Ormskirk [1851], Prescot [1707], Preston, Prestwich, Rochdale [1777: 2500+ starved, filth, diarrhea, no medicine], Salford [Dead Room, Post-Mortem Examination Room], Walton-on-the-Hill, Liverpool: Lerpwl [1768: forced labor: cotton picking, muslin, boatbuilding, stone-breaking, starvation, filth, 5000 a year recorded dead of typhus, cholera, smallpox. survivors forced to kill the sick. Public Vaccinator. Rebuilt larger in 1868, demolished in 1931], Wavertree [1776: Corpses fished daily out of the Mersey. Then the final insult: the bodies would be put on display naked to the public from behind bars that opened on to the street known as the Drowned, House], Toxteth Park [1857: 600+], West Derby [1731: segregated, children taken from their parents, fever sheds for the dying], Warrington, Wigan , Whitehaven Co. York: W Riding / Efrawg [Yew]: Barnsley: John Barnes [1736: This is in the Monty Python Coalmining sketch], Bradford: Raven Water [1812: Specially minted workhouse tokens useable at local shops & could be redeemed by shop-keepers at the workhouse or union offices. Sanitorium for tuberculosis, Scattered Homes for children. Leeds cavalry troops quelled 5000+ stone-throwing mob attacking a meeting at the Courthouse. Riot Act read, troops responded with sabres & muskets], Bramley [1777], Barwick-in-Elmet [Gilbert Union], Carleton [Gilbert Union: East Cartlton Workhouse: Guthrie Close], Dewsbury [1777: Now a crematorium], Doncaster [1719: Doncaster Workhouse, Bawtry: 1835: People fed on bone, suet, bread, milk & beer, Barnby Dun, Tickhill Workhouses], Ecclesall Bierlow [1720s: Workhouse Green at Fulwood. 1839: Nether Edge Workhouse: Cherry Tree Hill], Goole [1839], Great Preston [Gilbert Union], Great Ouseburn [1828: Boroughbridge to York Rd. 1930: well water, heating by open fires, parafin engine for electricity. 1930s: ground-floor room used for local cinema shows. WWII: Anti-aircraft station. Italian POWs under Scottish regiment], Halifax [1635: Charles I granted a charter to set up a workhouse. The town was given a large house for the purpose by Nathaniel Waterhouse], Holbeck [1777], Huddersfield [1777: Huddersfield Workhouse: Birkby South of Blacker Lane: Infectious disease, Almondbury: Wheathurst Lane, Golcar : Pikelaw South of Scapegoat Hill, Honley: 1703: Victoria Pl, Thirston, Land donated by Earl of Dartmouth, Kirkheaton: Moorside Rd, Lepton: Fenay Bankside, Lindley: Moor Hill Rd, Linthwaite, Lipville Bank at Upperthong, Lockwood: 1761: Yew Green Ln, Marsden Workhouse, Slaithwaite, Thurstonland Workhouse, Wooldatle Workhouse: Cemetery Rd], Hunslet [Before 1760], Keighley: Church of the Oaks [(pron. kay-lee) 1777: Oakworth Rd: Infirmary, receiving ward, crematorium, bakery], Knaresborough [1737], Leeds [1638: Lady Lane: Dying rooms, crematorium, Leeds Moral & Industrial Training Schoolsnow Thackray Museum], North Bierley [1774], Pateley Bridge [1831 Census], Penisstone [1928: Smallpox], Pontefract [Bead House, Micklegate, 1862: Union Workhouse renamed Headlands Public Assistance Institution. Electricity installed in 1935. Gas-Mask training in 1938], Ripon [Ripon Banking: Marquis of Ripon: 1834: John Fielden led a riot in protest workhouse taxes & attacked the Chairman of the Board. Censuses. 1890: Rebuilt: Ablution room, 14 cells for nighttime lock-in., stone-breaking, woodchopping. Coffins ordered in bulk. 1914: Daily Provisions Act meticulously records food given], Rotherham [1617: Cottage Workhouse left by the Earl of Shrewsbury, Run by local property owners called the Feoffees, 1777: Parish workhouses at Rawmarsh & Laughton. 1837: Board of Governors meeting headed by Earl Fitzwilliam finances new workhouse on Alma Rd. Smallpox outbreak in 1872], Saddleworth [1834: Mortuary], Sedburgh [1777: Poor farmed out for #195 annually], Selby [1777], Settle [1739: Workhouse provided by Thomas Salisbury, 1797: Giggleswick Poorhouse became a mental deficiency colony in the 1930s], Sheffield [1834], Skipton [1834]. West Tadcaster Workhouse [Tadcaster Post, February 1865: Elizabeth Daniel’s Funeral procession to the churchyard with the Tadcaster Drum & Fife Band had a chimney sweep’s donkey cart followed by a horse drawn cart carrying an effigy of workhouse Matron Catherine Leivers, which was burnt on a bonfire. Crowd of 2000], Thorne [Pre 1834], Todmorden Children’s Home [German Tod= death, morden=kill, dead. 1777: Workhouses at Erringdon, Heptsonstall (1757), Langfield: Croft Carr, Wadsworth & Stansfield. 1801: Gauxholme, 1877: Last Union in England to provide a workhouse: 250+ Infirmary Dead room State sanctioned murder of the mentally ill], Wakefield [1689], Wharfedale Mortuary [1869], Wetherby [20th cen], Wortley [1777: Laundry Row] Co. York: E Riding / Efrawg [Yew]: Beverley [1727], Bridlington [1743: Bridlington Workhouse at Church Green, 1785: Hunmanby: Originally a manor house, 1846: Union Workhouse: Hospital block, mortuary, children starved, Physical, mental & sexual abuse through the 1940s], Driffield [1837: Middlestreet Workhouse, 1866: Bridlington Rd Workhouse: tuberculosis], Howden [1665], Kingston upon Hull [1615: Charity Hall], Patrington [1806], Pocklington [1777: Market Weighton: cholera outbreak in 1851], Sculcoates [1777], Skirlaugh [?], York [1791: Marygate Workhouse, Yorkshire], Co. York: N Riding / Efrawg [Yew]: Bainbridge [1777: Abbotside High Quarter, Askrigg, Bainbridge, Burton cum Walden], Bedale [1839: Mowbray Grange Sanitorium in the 1930s], Beverley [1727: Knatchbull’s Act], Easingwold [1758], Guiseborough [1777: Workhouse, 1837: Guiseborough Union Workhouse: Board of Guardians Chairman: Sir Robert Dundas MP, stone breaking, coconut fibre beds, inmates shaved, shorn & provided prayer books from the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge through 1920s, 1782: Danby, 1782: Hinderwell, 1782: Lythe Workhouse, 1818: Loftus, 1818: Easington], Helmsley [1773], Kirkby Moorside [1773: Used to accomodate Vietnamese refugees in the 1970s], Leyburn [1782], Malton Spring Hall [1789: Earl of Malton: crematorium], Middlesbrough [1877], Northallerton [1444: First poorhouse in former Guildhall. Quarter Sessions. Linen Industry: Inmates segregated by class. In 1816 it took 3 days for the workhouse yard to be cleared of rubbish Hastings, 1996. 1802: Brompton & Osmotherley Workhouse. 1856: Sunbeck House Public Assistance Institution: No baths, stone-breaking, vagrant’s cells, starvation on porridge & bread, crematorium], Pickering [1776: Black Hole punishment cell, 1734: Thornton Dale Poorhouse], Reeth [Parish & Union Workhouses], Richmond [1780, 1794: House of Correcton]. Scarborough [1728: Waterhouse Ln. 1858: Scarborough Union: Vagrant’s Wards closed in 1994], Stokesley [1755, 1770: Hutton, 1785: Great Ayton], Thirsk [1737: Run by an undertaker, 1760: Topcliffe, 1770: Sowerby, 1838: Thirsk Union], Whitby [1777: Workhouse & adjoining House of Correction] |
| Lughdunum Crematoriums [Raven] London Necropolis & National Mausoleum Company Invasion of the Body Snatchers: William Hawkins: Treasurer to the Corporation of Plymouth: Aberplym: 1524-5s. [father-in-law Sir William Winter] Guinea / Sierra Leone / Brazilian slave trade under Henry VIII | Middlesex, London: Hackney [1728: plague], Bethnall Green [1777: 1,400+. floors soaked with urine, no ventilation or water, starved on suet pudding, mortuary, post-mortem room, revolving tables, coffin lift], Clerkenwell [1727], Poplar Bastille [1735], St. George’s Hannover Square [1726: 600+, Stone Mortuary, watch tower, small-pox], St Marylebone [1752: Master Francis Parent dismissed for drunkenness, absences, misappropriation of supplies, & son found in bed with female inmate. rat infestation from sewers under adjacent burial ground, fever kills matron & apothecary. 1793: 1,168+ Britain’s war with France increases pauperism. 1846: 2,264+ Irish robbed of money & disinfected. 1856: Richard Ryan dismissed for beating female inmates, 1867: 11,000+ fed on bread & gruel 1914-15: Belgian war refugees, WWII: transit centre for displaced persons. closed 1965], Westminster [York St & Marloes Rd], Kensington Vestry [1776: vermin, crawling maggots], Mile-End Old Town [1729: Jews Burial Ground], St George’s in-the-East, Stepney [1725: Limehouse, Wapping: Charles Dickins’ Uncommercial Traveler: foul wards house women in every stage of disease, yellow: jaundiced, Ratcliff], St Martin’s [1665: Starved to death & buried in vaults while parish authorities profit from the King’s Head Alehouse. Infirmary located by graveyard with a surgical dissection room, dead house. Destroyed 1871 for London National Gallery], Whitechapel St Peter’s Mint [1832: 600+ dead by starvation & cholera] Kent: Clear Water, London: Greenwich Institution[1834: 1928+. Iron-gated Isolation hospital. children segregated, starved on bread & molasses, whipped, caned & forced to serve rich food to the Board of Guardians. boils, meningitis, typhus. punishment for eating mulberries from the tree outside, weekend solitary confinement, children transported to Canada], Lesham [1612], Woolwich [Woolwich Banking PLC Revd Francis Cameron. It bore the inscription The poor ye have always with you.] Surrey, London: St Olave-Bermondsey Rotherhithe [1729: 400+ 1897: Ladywell Infirmary. Home of London County Council], Camberwell [1818], Lambeth & Norwood [1726: 270+ weaving, stone-breaking, bathtubs filled with slime, watch tower, prison receiving block, isolation block for children under 8, crematorium], Southwark [1782: Mint St. Typhus, dysentery, scarlet fever, open sewers. 1865 records people by the Thames river boiling bones. 420 inmates inside not having water for a week, starving on tea & bread, forced to care for the dead. Average mortality is 300. 1864: 296. – The Lancet], St Saviour’s, [1732], Surrey Industrial School [Gassed children to death], Wandsworth [1730: Land leased from Earl Spencer. 1776 Parliamentary report listed parish workhouses in Battersea - 70 , Putney - 70, Streatham -30 & Wandsworth -120. 1838: Guardians lease another site from Earl Spencer on the north side of St John’s Hill] City of London: Central London: Highgate Mental Health Centre & Prison [1596: Consists of: Strand Workhouse, Highgate Cemetary & Archway Crematorium. Messrs. Potter &aamp; Sons, 298 Oxford-Street. Starving Women executed for trying to steal food, sexual slavery/prostitution to Australia], St. Pancreas [1788: 1900+ /yr. gangrene, smallpox. 1856: Florence Nightingale], Holborn Orphanage & Prison [inmates sewing lampshades, eagle head gateposts demolished WWI because they’re seen as a German symbol] City of London: East London: East End:HoSpital Fields [black plague], Tower of London, Saint Philip’s Convent Laundry & Wayfarer’s House [-1945. Dalston: Run by the Anglican First Order Sisters of the Society of Saint Francis who led the Office for the Departed. In 1920 the community inherited the house next door to the convent and opened a home for incurable & bedridden women] City of London: Homerton [1699: child labor, starved on bread & beer], Bow Road [1849: 800+], London’s Bridwell/Bridewell [1688: child labor. crematorium], Cotswald: bodysnatching, corpse theft & human dissection by London Company Surgeons. 7lbs paid for each adult corpse, smalls or children paid by the foot & teeth paid by the piece to make dentures for the rich Brookwood Cemetery: 1852: crematorium. London Necropolis & National Mausoleum Company. ‘In association with the L&SWR [London & Southwestern Railway], the London Necropolis ran trains daily to Brookwood (except on days when nobody was to be buried). These trains were segregated by class - even for the coffins - & by religion as well. ... two stations were provided, called North & South’ – Brookwood Cemetery |
East Anglia Concentration Camps![[Headington Deathcamp's Infirmary]](../tartanillus/headington.GIF) Headington Deathcamp’s Infirmary © Oxfordshire Photographic Archive “Show me the manner in which a nation cares for its dead, & I will measure with mathematical exactness the tender mercies of its people, their respect for the laws of the land & their loyalty to high ideals.” - William Gladstone | Co Buckingham: Amersham [1839], Buckingham, Eton, Newport Pagnell, Wycombe, Co Cambridge: Cambridge, Caxton, Linton, Newmarket, Whittlesey, Witchford, Wisbech, Co. Essex: Billericay, Dunmow, Orsett, Romford, Saffron Waldon, Tendring, West Ham, Witham, Co Hartford: Barnet, Berkhampstead [Tortured & killed by Rev. John Nugent, owner], Buntingford, Hatfield, Hertford (pron. Hartford) Gallows Hill, Hitchin, Royston, Stortford, St Albans, Watford, Welwyn, Co Huntingdon: Huntingdon, St Ives, St Neots, Co Lincoln: Northope Gainsborough [1730: Aylesbury. 1837: George lkinson. 200+ Royal Land-owner Sur-Names for Northope: Yerburgh, Monson, Dalton (pottery/porcelain), Emberton-Fox (fishing), Cook (slavery), Duckering, Sleightholme], Lincoln & Wilford, Co Lindsey: Boston, Bourne, Caistor [crematorium], Congleton, Dore [dead house of corpses], Glanford, Grimsby [1892: Easthampstead: Duchess of Yarborough], Allerto [1776], Gosport [1770], Horncastle, Louth, Sleaford, Stamford, Stoneham, Townleys, Spalding, Speke [1742-76], Spilsby [William & Henry Garner], Co Oxon / Rhydychen [Red Alder]: Bicester, Oxford Catacombs [underneath Oxford Castle built by William the Conqueror in 1071. prison closed in 1996], Witney [Edward Bolton], Banbury [1684: inmates starving & in rags spinning. transformed into a silk factory with 200 child slaves in 1820. WWI: German POWs], Chipping Norton, Headington [The Laurels located on Gladstone Road contained an Infirmary to dispose of the dead], Oxford, Thame, Woodstock [mortuary chapel. consecrated Memorial Garden], Co. Suffolk: Bulcamp [1764: 352+], Bardon [1765: used in Charles Dicken’s Oliver Twist], Bury St Edmunds [1836-1884], Nacton [1756], Hartismere, Haverhill [1779], Horsham, Hoxne [Hoxne, Thredling & Suffolk Inc killing since 1779. Hoxne treasure aquired by British Museum: All archeological artifacts are property of the Crown & are required to go to the British museum] , Heath Road [1647: Ipswich deathcamp financed by the London Corporation], Suffolk Co. Asylum for Pauper Lunatics [1764], Mildenhall [1834: Thomas Hamner: Speaker of the House of Commons], Oulton [1763: Leased from Lady Sheffield], Plomesgate [1837], Newcastle, Samford [East Anglia Tattingstone House of Industry], Stow at Onehouse [1781], Sudbury [The Manse & The White House Bures: aged men, Melford: women & children], Thingoe [1836], Tynemouth |
| Mercia Concentration Camps Worcester Inc: Worcester Porcelain / Royal Worcester Pottery / Royal Crown Derby Inc / Royal Staffordshire Pottery Corpse Roads: The traditional medieval death-roads, or corpse-roads, ending at cemeteries. Bedminster-Long Ashton: Corpse road from Aston to Blockley & Stretton to Blockley. Corpse road begins just north of Cheltenham at St. Michael’s Church, Bishop’s Cleeve, Gloustershire & stops at the Cheltenham workhouse. It then continues to Evesham in Worcestershire 1351: Churchs hold burial rights to hamlets Stretton-on-Fosse & Aston Magna. Bishop of Worcester refuses petition from people of Stretton to allow them to bury their dead at Stretton, by which they would avoid paying the common dues & mortuaries to Blockley parish church – Leyhunter Gouldney, Smith & Co Bank: Stolen Aztec gold of Guayaquil Gouldney Workhouse, Ships Leviathan, Mary Ann, Retribution [Man-Trap, Crouch Iron Torture Device], Success [Coffin Bath, Leg Irons, Punishment Ball, Ring Bolts, Iron Maiden] Sanford Street Prison & Linen Manufacturers: 1691: Lord Lichfield Royal Worcester Pottery: Established in 1703 in Worcestershire by Colonal RB Bellars JP King George III’s Royal Staffordshire Pottery: Josiah Wedgwood. Warwick Workhouse. Red Chequer Exchange: Lord Elmbridge & his fitzWarren wife licensed vintners & publicans. Derby Asylum & Spinning Factory: Prime Minister Lord Derby’s Metropolitan Poor Act Prison Service Museum:...exhibits include the last set of Gibbet Irons used in England, bone carvings & paintings made by prisoners in their cells & a nineteenth century sampler embroidered by a female prisoner from her own hair – Genuki. Sir Richard Arkwright, High Sheriff of Derby Shire: When he died in 1792 he left his son Richard the equivalent of £20 million, his son known as the richest non-titled person in Europe | Co. Bedford: Ampthill, Ashton, Bradford, Leighton Buzzard, St. Michael ’s Hospital at Braintree, Biggleswade [400+. fever hospital, Dead Room, mass grave. 2 pounds of wax demanded as payment per body. Heard in the rock band 45 Grave’s Wax demanding people Look into the flame], St James Workhouse [guardian discovers woman at gate with dead child], Hendon, Hull [Anglican Order of the Holy Cross: First Order Sisters of the Society of Saint Francis], Lewes, Luton [1722. Poor in Dunstable farmed by a contractor who in 1795 received 3s.6d. a week for each pauper maintained in the workhouse], Saddleworth [57-acre farm site heated only by open fires. mortuary], Newton Abbot, Sheffield Hospital, Stockport, Ulverston [British Crown], Woburn, Co. Chester / Cheshire: Altrincham, Birkenhead, Bucklow, Chester, Congelton, Great Boughton, Macclesfield [dying chutes], Nantwich, Runcorn, Tarvin, Wirral, Co. Derby: Ashbourne [Brassington Children ’s Convalescent Home/Cleaver Sanatorium, Alstonfield Workhouse, Lord Bakewell’s Ironbrook Grange], Belper [Lord Babington. 1797: starved with broth & gruel], Chapel-en -le-Frith [1840: crematorium], Chesterfield, Derby Asylum & Spinning Factory [Prime Minister Lord Derby], Easton Downend Cottage Homes: Bristol Incorporation for the Poor [child slavery & extermination set up by Elizabeth Barton. Children funnelled in from Eastville Workhouse where cremations occured or Clifton Workhouse with its man-trap torture device still on display], Glossop, Hayfield [1840: John & Philip Kinder. cell-blocks], Shardlow, Co. Essex: Chelmsford, Colchester Inc. [1698], Epping [1789: Westminster Bank], Lexden [1836], Maldon [Lord D’Arcy & Tolhunt Knights of D’Arcy], Ongar [Duke of Norfolk. Separated into classes before death. Infirmary, dead rooms. Closed 1920], Halstead [Earls Haltwhistle], Co. Hereford: Hereford [1698. inmates cleaned human hair of the dead. 1907: Master & Matron were Mr & Mrs Harding. Their son, Gilbert Harding, born at the workhouse, later went on to become a well-known radio & TV personality in the 1950s on shows such as Twenty Questions & What’s My Line?], Bromyard [gassed to death], Bowbridge Lane, Grantham Railway, Hexham, Holbeach, Hunslet [inmates chained to the floor], Kington, Ledbury, Leominster, Ross, Weobley, Co. Nottingham: Arnold & Basford, Claypole, East Retford, Mansfield, Newark [1797 Eden: ‘...The badge appointed by the Act of King William is worn by paupers in this parish.’], Radford, Thurgarton [punishment cells] , Worksop [pron. wûrk'sup. 1795 Flax spinning], Co Rutland Oakham [Leased from Aristocrat Edith Weston], Uppingham, Co Salop: Atcham & Shrewsbury Inc[1782 Inmates disinfected, starved & tortured in the dungeon before being dumped to a mass grave. Payments paid to the Order of the Holy Cross.], Bridgnorth, Cleobury, Clun, Ellesmere [Baschurch, Middle, Hordley & Hadnal Chase Inc: 1791 Shell Oil / Lord Edward Clive], Ludlow/Llwydlo, Madeley, Oswestry [Cambrian Railways Inc: Oswestry], Shifnal, Wem, Co. Stafford: Burton-upon-Trent [1777], Cannock, Cheadle, Leek, Sanford Street Prison & Linen Manufacturers [1691: Lord Lichfield], Newcastle-under-Lyme [1838], Penkridge, Seisdon, Stafford [King George III’s Royal Staffordshire Pottery: Josiah Wedgwood], St Chad [1781: Stowe Street], St Michael’s [1740: Greenhill], Stone [1793], Tamworth [1750: Ladybridge Bank Workhouse, Lord Viscount Weymouth & Francis, Lord Middleton], Uttoxeter [1777], Walsall [crematorium], West Bromwich [1837], Wolstanton [1834: Robert Shufflebotham], Wolverhampton [crematorium], Co. Warwick: Alcester, Aston Parish Workhouse [1777], Atherstone, Birmingham Parish Workhouse [1733: Litchfield St: Starved on pease porridge: pea soup and gruel. Corn mill located at workhouse. Wool and flax spinning. Birmingham workhouse tokens of 1812], Birmingham Union Workhouse [1848: Infirmary & Children’s Asylum. T-Block cell for boys], Coventry Inc. [1342: Run by Carmelite White Friars], Erdington Workhouse [1734], Erdington Union Workhouse-Highcroft Psychatric Hospital [1866-present: Thomas Colmore Chairman of the Board of Guardians. Infirmary, receiving block. Aston Cottage Homes in 1898 to east. Designed by Franklin Cross & Nichols & modeled after the ones in France, Germany & Switzerland], Marston Green Cottage Homes & Laundry [1878-20th century: Birmingham: Pauper children aged three upwards Probationary home, infirmary, swimming baths, bakehouse. After 1930 the Colesville Home for Mental Defectives], Foleshill [Punishment Books list: starvation, caning, whipping, forced labor], Meriden, Nuneaton, Solihull, Stratford on Avon, Sutton Coldfield Workhouse [1777], Warwick [1783 by King George III], Co Wilt: Alderbury-Salisbury [Alderbury Workouse. Salisbury Inc], Amesbury, Bradford-On-Avon, Calne, Cricklade & Wootten Bassett, Chippenham, Devizes, Highworth & Swindon, Malmesbury, Marlborough, Melksham, Mere Inc, Pewsey, Salisbury, Tisbury, Trowbridge, Warminster, Westbury, Whorwellsdown, Wilton,Co. Worcester: Beoley Parish Workhouse [1777], Bromsgrove [1723], Claines [Royal Worcester Pottery: Established in 1703 in Worcestershire by Colonal RB Bellars JPs], Dodderhill [Masonic Banquets], Droitwich [200-pauper plan to 20th century. Punishment beatings & floggings. Workhouse governor accused of insanity, drunkeness, raping & impregnating the schoolmistress], Dudley [1776:-1855: 842+. census 23, 043 in city. demolished 1989], Kidderminster [1776: 90+], King’s Norton [1834: Workhouse. 1870: Union Workhouse-Selly Oak Hospital constructed by Edward Holmes along with Woodcock Hill Cottage Homes], Martley [1834: 200 pauper plan Master & Matron Batterseas’ public drunkeness & starving of inmates], Ombersley [1861 minute books record the death of Alfred Causier from sever wounds.], Shipston-on-Stour [1834], Stourbridge [1777: 3: Old Swinford - 40, Hales Owen’s coinage for food - 260, Kingswinford - 460, childrens’ block, inmates buried in unmarked graves. census counts 15,000], Tenbury [1836: Treasurer Mr H Whittal, Ludlow branch Commercial Bank of England, Mr Cook & Mr Davies medical officers], Upton-Upon-Severn, Worcester [The oldest workhouse still in existence is the Hospital of St. Oswald in Worcester, dating to circa 990] |
| Wessex, West Country Camps Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, Ransom, Bouverie & Co PLC: Barclay’s Bank, Birmingham Central Banking Inc / Bradford & Bingley Banking Inc / Royal Devonshire Pottery / Gosport Banking Inc Subsidiaries: London Provincial & SouthWestern Bank LTD, British Linen Bank Board of Guardians 1902: Chairman: A.T. Bevan John de Brekenoke: Treasurer to King Henry VI & High Sheriff of Buckingham 1440. Received from Edward IV 1458 Tableware Education & Enforcement Fund – California Public Health Foundation, Berkeley 1694: King Frederick William I Wettin of Poland a.k.a Augustus II the Strong Elector of Saxony (1670-1733) takes chinese firing technique of porcelin [a mixture of china clay: kaolin & china stone: feldspar from granite or basalt fired at 1350 degrees celcisus] from Jingdezhen to Dresden & Meißen in Saxony. It is named European porcelin. He orders all Gypsies over 18 years of age to be hanged & hunted for sport. 1708: Pharmacist Johann Freidrich Böttger & Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhausen discover white porcelin. 1750: The English use calcified bone ash to strengthen the porcelin. The resulting material with 25% to 50% bone ash is called bone china. Bone ash: a white powdery ash left from the burning of bones.– Frank & Janet Hamer, The Potter's Dictionary of Materials and Techniques, A & C Black Publishers, Limited, London, England © 1991: ISBN 0-8122-3112 bone ash is produced from human bones in workhouses | Co. Berks / Bearroc [Red Birch] Abingdon [1416: The Brethren of the Holy Cross who signed with an iron cross on red wax], Bradfield [1776: Aldermaston & Tilehurst. 1835: Wayland Hospital by Kempthorne], Berkshire, Cookham, Easthampstead [1760: William Watts Esq, South Hill], Faringdon Industrial School [1678: Viscount Barrington], Hungerford & Ramsbury [1777. 1992-3 Bosnian refugees from Vukovar housed there. Foreign Secretary Baron Owen is responsible for the 1992 Vance-Owen Peace Plan. Accusations of his being an apologist for genocide lead to his forced resignation in 1995], Maidenhead, Newbury, Reading: The Oracle [1624: John Kendrick Woolen Draper. 1795: Starving inmates spinning hemp. 1865: Itch Wards: smallpox, typhoid fever, scabies. WWI war hospital. abolished 1929] Reading & Wokingham, Wallingford [1616 Sir Thomas Bennett Human farming of wool & agriculture. stone-breaking in Pit. Parish administration meetings held at pubs], Wantage, Windsor [dead chambers. Windsor castle located in city], Woking [1858: Convict Prisons 65 acres closed down 1965], Co. Kernow: Cornwall: Bodmin, Camborne-Redruth Hospital, Camelford, Falmouth, Helston, Launceston, Liskeard/Llamelon, Penzance, St Austell, St Columb Major, St Germans, Stratton, Truro, Annet Island [Restricted access], Samson Island [1855: Augustus Smith, Lord Proprietor of Scilly, decided to evict the last 10 residents who lived there and turn the island into a deer park. Remains of the 19th-century houses may still be seen, as may the remains of prehistoric chamber tombs]Co. Devon: Alverstoke, Axminster, Barnstaple, Bideford, Crediton, Devonport, Devonshire Royal Hospital [John Carr & Duke of Devonshire], East Stoneshouse, Exeter [1692 Incorporated by Parliament. fever wards, childrens ward, slow starvation], Holsworthy, Honiton, Kingsbridge, Newton Abbot, Okehampton Castle, Plympton-St. Mary, South Molton, St Thomas, Stonehouse, Stoke Damerel, Stokesley, Tavistock, Tiverton [1698 ’There are more than 90 charities in Tiverton, including alms-houses, endowed schools, scholarships at the universities, loans to poor manufacturers & husbandmen ’], Torrington, Totnes, Co Dorset: Beaminster [Redhone Hundred], Blandford, Bridport, Cerne [Cerne, Totcombe & Modbury Hundred], Cranbourne Dorchester, Poole [Cogdean Hundred], Purbeck, Shaftsbury, Sherborne, Sturminster, Wareham & Purbeck [978: Corfe Castle is where King Edward the Martyr was killed by his step-mother Elfrida. Turned into a prison, Elizabeth I: Corfe Castle Hundred had Lord Chancellor Sir Christopher Hatton running it until it was destroyed with explosives in the English Civil War of 1646], Weymouth, Wimborne & Cranbourne [Wimborne Minster], Co Glouster: Barton Regis, Cheltenham, Chipping Sodbury, Cirencester, Clifton, Dursley, Easton: Baptist Mills Pottery [Gloustershire: 1846: Naked children at Baptist Mills, slave labor, torture, dying chutes], Gloucester, Newent, Northleach, Stow-On-the-Wold, Stroud Inc [Anglican chapel, graveyard] , Tetbury, Tewkesbury [haunted graveyard], Thornbury [250 inmates with infirmary], Westbury-on-Severn, Wheatenhurst, Winchcomb, Co. Hampshire: Aldershot GP, Alresford, Alton, Alverstoke [1801 Bishop of Winchester. burial records available], Andover [In 1845 starving inmates fought over scraps of rotting meat left on bones they were supposed to be crushing into dust for fertilizer. Known as bonecrushing] , Basingstoke, Bournemouth, Catherington, Christchurch, Droxford, Eastleigh, Fareham, Farnborough [fever wards], Fordningbridge, Hartley Wintey, Havant, Headley, Hursley, Isle of Wight [1770], Kingsclere, Lymington Infirmary, New Forest, Petersfield, Portsea Island, Romsey, Ringwood, Southampton [1772. The Borough. legend says a nun committed suicide after killing a workhouse patient with the wrong medicine & that she & the patient haunt the hospital], Stockbridge, Whitchurch, New Winchester Infirmary [St. John’s mass graveyard with burial records], Winslow Inc, Co. Kent [Clear Water]: Canterbury Morticians [Beadles]: Ashford East [1837: 350+: Sutton Inc: George Newport Sutton], Ashford West [1725: 70+ bleaching Irish linen. 1941: Dunkirk evacuated 15,000 men camped on the lawn], Blean [1835: Windowless Hearne Bastille: 500 rural inmate plan nine-year old girl shut in overnight with a corpse in the mortuary], Birchington, Bridge [1836], Bromley [1844: Built by James Savage. WWI soldiers], Canterbury Inc. [1771: 14 parishs. children apprenticed to morticians called beadles. guardians minutes are in Canterbury Cathedral], Cranbrook [1777], Dartford Heath Asylum [1729: 228+], Dover [1836: 500+. childrens’ block, infirmary], Eastry [1782: 500+ . 1871: crematorium, typhus fever, smallpox hospital 1902], Elham [1782: 1346+. infirmary ward, child slavery], Faversham [1777: 100+. expanded to include 500, a century later], Gravesend & Milton [1846: 138+ under Henry & Martha Hodge], Harbledown, Hollingbourne [1902: 400+], Hoo, Isle of Thanet, Kent [1846: Milton Regis. 140+ also Archbishop’s Palace: 1690. Kent: Barclay’s Bank], Maidstone Saint Francis Parish [1825: Edward III under the Franciscan Grey Friars’ Sisters of Providence & Mr. Peskett. cholera, starvation. George Sanders, John Otley, H Pout, Yalding; H W Joy, Staplehurst; C Kennett; E Farley are the 1846 public vaccinators], Malling [1846: 240+], Medway [1723: set up by two members of Parliament. inmates pick oakum in His Majesty’s yard, children are bound out to: fisherman, black-smiths, carpenters, maids], Orpington [16th cen: Sir Perceval Hunt], Penshurst, Petham Inc, River, Romney Marsh [75. Gov Robert Harrison], Sevenoaks [1844: 381+], Sheppey Isle [1846: J Cousins Master. 122+ Sheppey, Teynham & Linstead], Strood [531+. surgical dissections], Sutton [1791: White slavery to Australia, mass murder], Tenterden, Tonbridge-Tunbridge [1777: 130], Whitstable Inc, Co Leicester / Corritania / Caer Lyr [King Lear’s Castle]: Appleby, Ashby-de-la-Zouch Castle, Ayleston Meadows [Lord Ayleston: BBC: ITA Independant Television Authority], Barrow-on-Soar Inc [dying rooms deposited dead through a chute to mass grave outside], Billesdon, Blaby-Glenn Magna, Hinckley [Earl Shilton: crematorium], Leicester, Loughborough, Lutterworth, Market Bosworth [Earl Shilton Financial Services LTD], Melton Mowbray [1446], Sapcote, Stathern, Stretton, Co Norfolk / Norwich: Acle Gilbert Union, Alderborough Gilbert Union, Aylsham [1777: 80+. 1848: 600+], Bawdeswell [1837], Blofield [1837: watchtower, crematorium], Booten Gilbert Union, Brinton & Melton Constable Inc [1782], Buxton [1720], Depwade [1844: Depwade Prison Riot], Docking [1835], Downham [1777: spinning worsted & jersey], East & West Flegg [1775: Now Norfolk Rural Life Museum], Erpingham-Beckham Palace [1848: gas ovens of infirmary still seen], Forehoe, Freebridge Lynne [1835: 150+], Gimingham, Great Yarmouth [1797: knitting nets for mackerel. starved on bread & suet, crematorium], Guiltcross Home for Mental Defectives [1836: exercise yard, infirmary, inebriate reformatory. WWI: German POWs], Hackford, Henstead [1836: 250+ in a valley so as not to offend the view of the local squire], King ’s Lynn Inc [1699: 170 +], Lodden & Claverling Inc [1764], Mitford & Launditch Hundreds Inc [1777: Gressenhall: 670+], Norwich [1712: 1,478 The Poor are maintained principally in two large Workhouses, one formerly a palace of the Duke of Norfolk [Burgh Castle: 1765], & the other a monastery [Norfolk & Norwich Magdalen Workhouse. 1827: Marquis Cholmondeley]. The latter, more especially, is dark & confined, & from the great number of paupers in it (about 700) exhibits rather an uncleanly appearance. straw beds, spinning worsted & cotton, infirmary, starved on bread, beer, an allowance of 4oz. butter to each person instead of 12oz. cheese, would lead to an annual saving of £ cheese was discontinued], Norwich Inc Workhouse [1859: infirmary. bombed in WWII], Oulton Gilbert Union [Heigham Lunatic Asylum. Murderers: Drs Wright, Dalrymple & Crosse. Norfolk County Lunatic Asylum [1814: Thorpe Lubenham Inc W Warner M.D surgeon disposed of mentally ill], St Faith [crematorium], Swaffham [1836: 405+], Thetford [1836: 300+], Tunstead & Happing Inc-Smallburgh [burial site], Walsingham-Thursford Castle [1836], Wayland [1836], Co. Northhampton: Brackley, Brixworth, Daventry [crematorium], Hardingstone [lace-makers], Kettering, Oundle, Northampton, Peterborough, Potterspury, Thrapston, Towcester, Wellingborough, Co Somerset: Axbridge, Bath, Bridgwater, Chard, Clutton, Dulverton [1836], Frome, Keynsham, Langport, Shepton Mallet West End Home [1839], Taunton, Wellington, Wells, Williton, Wincanton, Yeovil [Punishment Books until 1941], Co. Surrey: Ash, Chertsey, Croydon, Dorking, Eastbourne, Epsom, Farnham Inc [1791: Sir Richard Tichbourne], Firle, Godstone, Hailsham, Hambledon, Kingston-Upon-Hull [Kingston Workhouse], Reigate, Richmond Co. Sussex Arundel [1682], Battle, Brighton [crematorium], Chailey, Chichester, Cuckfield [1776], Hailsham, Hastings [Lord George Hastings], Horsham, Lewes, Midhurst, Newhaven, Petworth, Rye, Steyning, Sutton [1791.White slavery to Australia, mass murder], Thakeham, Ticehurst [1835], Uckfield, Westbourne, Westhampnet |
Council for German Jewry![[British Freikorps]](../tartanillus/Yourplaceishere.gif) Waffen SS Britishes-FreiKorps St Georgs-LegionKL: Konzentration Lager Created by Conservative Cabinet Minister Leopold Stennett Amery (1887-1955), Colonial Secretary for India, who forms two holiday camps: Special Detachment 999 & Special Detachment 517, both under the umbrella of Stalag III, near Berlin. English-speaking guards used as information gatherers, overseen by German intelligence officer Oskar Lange. Camps run by Battery Quartermaster Sergeant John Henry Owen Brown of the Royal Artillery, a member of the BUF: British Union of Fascists [formed 1932 by ex-Labour government minister Oswald Mosley 6th Baronet who organized several anti-Semitic marches in London, such as the one that resulted in the famous Battle of Cable Street in October 1936] & Thomas Cooper [jailed for 7 years after war] of the Royal Airforce & Waffen-SS LAH: Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler. Aide received by Leopold’s son John Amery [hanged in 1946], Jacques Doriot & Vichy Hauptmann Werner Plack of the German English Committee. SS-Hauptsturmführer: Johannes Roggenfeld SS-Hauptsturmführer Hans Werner Roepke SS-Obersturmführer: Doktor Walter Kühlich I don’t want a holiday in the sun | Kitchener [WWI camp located in SE England;. 3,500 male refugees, primarily from Germany & Austria. After the outbreak of the war, most of the internees were allowed to volunteer for the Auxiliary Military Pioneer Corps, with the rest of the internees being transferred to the Ramsey Camp on the Isle of Man] Ellanyn Vooir Eeaght: Channel Islands: les îles de la Manche: Alderney Island-L ’Isle d’Aurigny [1940: English evacuate native population & island taken over by the Germans. KL Borkum: named for Borkum Island in OstFriesland: East Frisia in Lower Saxony, KL Norderny for Norderny Island in E. Frisia, KL Syllt for Syllt Island in OstFriesland. 687+ Russians alone dead from starvation, beating, forced labor under the SS Death’s Head Division Operation Todt. Others buried alive in tunnels. Evacuated in 1944 & the inmates death-marched to Neuengamme through Cherbourg, Lille & Hazebrouck. Others interned in the North of France at Boulogne-sur-Mer . Alderney has been nicknamed the island of silence, due to the fact that little is known about what occurred there during the occupation. Some of the few remaining unevacuated Alderney natives also found themselves in camps.], Casquets [Rocks 13 km northwest of Alderney part of an underwater sandstone ridge. 1734 owner Thomas Le Cocq installed three lighthouses. British Small Scale Raiding Force commando Operation Dryad, September 1942 seized the seven lighthouse keepers as POWs], Lisia-Guernsey-Guernesey [British Crown Dependancy: Elizabeth II, Queen of Normandy signs all laws. 1294: French Raids kill islanders. Victor Hugo exiled Les Travailleurs de la mer 1940: German Watchtowers. Islanders sent to concentration camp Lager Lindele at Biberach an der Riß in Tübingen, SW Germany], Lihou [Connected to Guernsey at low tide by an ancient stone causeway. Vraic: seaweed harvested & dried on frames set up on the beach. 1927 factory building produced iodine from seaweed. All traces of the industry disappeared during the German Occupation], Herm [1570: Hunting ground by the governors of Guernsey. Tenant Prince Gebhardt Fürst Blücher von Wahlstat built granite quarries from 1889-1914. Occupied by the Nazis during World War II], Jethou [S. of Herm. Not open to the public], Yn Tark-Sark Island-Sercq [Seized by the Germans during WWII. Dame of Sark Sybil Mary Hathaway (13 January 1884 - 14 July 1974) did not evacuate the islanders. Bones are said to rise from the sea & it is said the dead will come for you if you stay on the island. Seignurship has passed to her grandson John Michel Beaumont], Brecqhou [Left of Sark. Owned by Sir David & Sir Frederick Barclay. No visitors], Burhou [Used by the Germans for target practice in WWII. No survivors], Jersey-Angia-Jèrriais [Newfoundland fisheries, Occupied by the NAZIs from 1940-1945], Chausey [South of Jersey that is part of the French district of the Manche. Channel Islands entrenched almost 40,000 German soldiers, sailors & airmen, snug behind Atlantic Wall fortifications stretching from Norway to the Pyrenees], Ortac [No survivors], Les Minquiers: [Maîtresse Île, Les Maisons, Le Niêsant, Les Faucheurs, La Haute Grune. Featured in Victor Hugo’s novel Ninety-Three] Les Ecréhous: [Maîtr’Île, La Marmotchiéthe, Lé Bliantch’Île, Les D’mies, La Grand’ Naithe, L’Êtchièrviéthe, Lé Fou, La Froutchie] Les Dirouilles, Les Pierres de Lecq: The Paternosters Waffen SS Britishes-FreiKorps St Georgs-Legion: British Legion of Saint George An order for 800 sets of the special BFC insignia to the SS clothing department is made at the SS Nordic Study Centre at St. Michaeli Kloster in Hildesheim. 1944: BFC train as assault pioneers at the Waffen-SS Pioneer School at the Wildermann Kaserne, Dresden. They are transferred to Berlin School Schonhauser Allee. At the SS Division Nordland, located at Angermunde, half join SS-Sturmbannführer Rudolf Saalbachhe on March 22, 1945 in Schoenberg & the other half to 3.Kompanie - Schwedenzug. They then went to Templin. On May 2, Cooper & the men with him surrendered to unit of the US Ninth Army near Schwerin. William Joyce (also known as ‘Lord Haw Haw’) tried. Their memory is survived in the band SOD: Stormtroopers of Death’s Speak English or Die. 2004: Prince Harry in NAZI garb at a party. |
| Infirmaries [Crematorium] | Hospital of the Poor ’s Portion [1630], St John’s Children’s Home [crematorium added in 1873], Skipton, Scilly Isles [A giant graveyard. Legend says if you sail out there the dead will come for you], Borough Prisons’ Specott’s Fields, Denison Hill, Horfield, Tuppendens Almshouse [1756. James Brown: Strand Lacemaker], Belle Vue Asylum, Bethel Hospital [1713 Rev S Chapman, 600 starved & forced to spin cotton], Castle Hill in Eye, Doching, Kenninghall, St Augustine’s Asylum for Pauper Lunatics [killed 505 people a week] |
| Equitorial Guinea: Land of the Blacks [Spanish Guinea] | |
| National Murder Riggs Bank 1470: Land seized by Portugal. Fang & Bubi people enslaved 1844: Treaty of El Pardo: Stolen land given to Spain 1886: English Diplomat Sir Richard Francis Burton 1968: Independant from Spain. | Contains 5 islands in the Gulf of Guinea: Bioko [Formerly Fernando Po], Corisco, Elobey Chico, Elobey Grande, & Annobon. Now a military dictatorship under Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo who can kill on command. Cocoa & oil production. Radar Magazine reports torture chambers & death by starvation. The magazine claim the President’s public relations agent is Gerald Cassidy of Cassidy & Associates. (266) |
| Eritrea: Latin: Red Sea [Italian Somaliland] | |
| National Murder 200AD - 600AD: Aksum Kingdom: Now Eritrea, N Ethiopia, parts of Sudan & Djibouti 1137 AD - 1270 AD: Zagwe Dynasty 1882: Colonized by Italians Part of East Africa: Horn of Africa with Djibouti [French Somaliland], Ethiopia [Italian East Africa], Somalia [British Somaliland], Sudan [Anglo-Egyptian Sudan] & Kenya [British East Africa] 1936: Eritrea becomes part of Italian East Africa 1945: British Protectorate. 1952: UN annexes to Ethiopia 1961-1993: Civil War | Asmara [1960: 30 year long Civil war after United Nations annexes the area to Ethiopia in 1952. ‘Massive population displacement, reduced economic development, & one of Africa’s more severe landmine problems.’ Eritrea declared independent in 1993. 2000: Algiers Agreement establishes UN Mission in Eritrea & Ethiopia peace-keeping force. There has been no food since March.] |
| Estonia [Arran: Snowdrop Land / Baltic States] | |
| Sõjakuriteod [Mass Graves] 1219: Teutonic Knights take control of southern Estonia, & Danish forces conquer the north. The Danes sell their holdings to the Knights in 1346. | St. Nicolas of Reval Church, Tallinn [Capital of Estonia. plague. occupied WWII. forced labor. liberated by the Red Army], Tartu [murdered by NAZIs. others exiled to Siberia], Narva Front [Battle of the European SS against the Bolsheviks. Orphanage & Grenadier Hills] |
| Omakaitse [Work Camp] 20th Estonian SS Division Friedrich Jeckeln appointed HSSPF in Ostland Eastern Front which encompassed the Baltic countries Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia & parts of Belorussia Danish Major-General Kryssing imprisoned for 5 years after the war. | Kabarneeme [killing site of Kalevi - Liiva], Kluga [forced labor. slaughtered in forests], Vaivara [Near Narva. Railway station. Lagerkommandant for all Estonia, SS Hauptsturmfuhrer Hans Aumeier. Directed by Hauptscharfuhrers Max Dahlmann & Kurt Panike. The entire administrative staff was made up of SS totenkopfverbande: Death’s - Head Units] |
| Ethiopia: Greek: Sunburn [Abyssinia / Italian East Africa] | |
| Dhabamsiisu [Extermination] 200AD - 600AD: Aksum Kingdom: Now Eritrea, N Ethiopia, parts of Sudan & Djibouti 1137 AD - 1270 AD: Zagwe Dynasty 1867: Napier Commission / Ethiopian Civil War: British army invade, imprison king Theodore II, capture the capital city of Magdala 1885: Italy seizes 1896: Battle of Adwa: Menelik II vs Italian Army Part of East Africa: Horn of Africa with Djibouti [French Somaliland], Eritrea [Italian Somaliland], Somalia [British Somaliland], Sudan [Anglo-Egyptian Sudan] & Kenya [British East Africa] 1916: England, France, & Italy remove Lij Iyasu removed from power. Abyssinian Campaign: Italy invades in the 1935 with mustard gas. 1st MVSN Division “23 Marzo” 2d MVSN Division “28 Ottobre” 3d MVSN Division “21 Aprile” 4th MVSN Division “3 Gennaio” 5th MVSN Division “1 Febbraio” 6th MVSN Division “Tevere” 1977: Somalia seizes Ogaden region 1988: Ethiopia & Somalian Peace Agreement | ‘Lake Tana in the north is the source of the Blue Nile. The geological rifting filled by upwelling lava, from Mount Kilimanjaro & volcanic flows trenched by rivers such as the Blue Nile form Great canyons which is why the country was known in antiquity as Abyssinia.’ – Professor Bret Wallach Aksum [Ancient Capital], Adulis [Red Sea Port], Addis Ababa [Capital of the country. Population: 55,000,000. February 1937: Bomb explodes next to General Graziani. Ethiopians impaled, black shirts of the fascist Militias kill all of the men, women & children they encounter in the streets. Homes in flames, mass executions of groups of 50-100 people], Oromio [Oromo people of Oromia massacred by Mililik I with European powers & land seized. Survivors sold as slaves, children & elderly burned alive.] 1935: Mussolini proclaims the Empire of Italian East Africa. Mustard gas grenade bombs dropped from airplanes, phosgene sprayed like an insecticide on villages. Gas, flamethrowers. Forced labor camps, public gallows, mutilated corpses. Italian troops photographed next to cadavers hanging from the gallows or hanging around chests full of decapitated heads. (262, 263) 1974: the Dergue depose Emperor Ras Tafari Makonnen Haile Selassie, who had ruled since 1928. Afterwards are bloody coups, uprisings, taxation, wide-scale drought, people dislocated & herded into socialist villages. Millions starve to death while agricultural products: coffee, pulses, hides, skins, oilseeds are exported to the U.S., Germany, & Japan. Millions flee as refugees. Ethiopia becomes a Communist state in 1984, with Mengistu as secretary-general of the newly established Workers party. Dergue replaced by Tigrayan & Eritrean guerilla armies in 1991. Eritrea declared independent in 1993. The Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front have incarcerated tens of thousands in concentration camps. Ex-President Mengistu Haile-Mariam is sheltered by President Robert Mugabe in Zimbabwe. There is no free press |
| Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros | |
| Imperialism 1975: Independance from France, except for Mayotte 1999: Military Rule | (pronounced KAHM uh rohz) African Islands of: Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mayotte, Moheli & several smaller ones. |
| Finland: White Fiery Sun [Suomi / Karelia] | |
| Mass Graves | Church of Inkoo [plague] |
| Kansanmurha [National Murder] Waffen-SS ‘Nordland Wiking’ 1809-1917: Russia seizes 1918: White Guard: Carl Gustaf Mannerheim, vs Red Guard: Russian troops. Meanwhile, the Red Guard attempted to take over the Finnish government in Helsinki. White victory June 1943 government transfers Battalion to the Finnish Army. | Kangasjarvi [Work Camp], Koveri [Work Camp] |
| Sexual Slavery | Immigration law allows the state to deport immigrants suspected of prostitution without a trial; thus in cases of physical abuse by the pimps, the prostitutes cannot even resort to the police. – Wikipedia |
| France [Gaule] | |
| Les Cryptes [Mass Graves] Génocide [People Killing] Génocide est un mot savant de création récente (ca. 1946) signifiant littéralement le fait de tuer des gens. Ces massacres sont des crimes contre l’humanité commis pour des raisons pseudo-ethniques, eugéniques, politiques, stratégiques, religieuses, racistes, xénophobes ou morale, sur toute une ethnie – Mecanisme du genocide Latin gentium = nation | La Crypte: Paris Catacombs [Underneath the Gare Montparnasse TGV station. 6 million body parts. Le Cimetière des Innocents Green Man stalks & eats vagrants, Little Devil of the Quarries, has bleeding eyes, wild hair], Galleria de Paris [graveyard exhumed in 1789], Père-Lachaise Cimetière [monuments to the Holocaust], Montfaucon [hanged & left to rot until their bones fell. grave pit], Le Cimitière de Saint Hilaire, Marville [sculptured gravestones. An ossuary stacks 40,000 skulls: horloges de mort, some enclosed in a wooden case], Nantes [For miles round the country was bare, for the enemy had cut down every tree & burnt every blade of corn; inside the gates men were dying of famine. During the 18th century, Nantes was the slave trade capital of France. Reign of Terror: Thousands of summary executions by drowning in the Loire river. Bombed twice in WWII], L’église de Kernascleden [plague], Abbeé de la Chaise-Dieu [plague], Church of Meslay-le-Grenet [plague], L’église paroissial de Kermaria [plague], Church of La Ferté-Loupière,Yonne [plague, danse macabre], L’église de Kietzheim [plague], Cherbourg Trinity Basilica [plague], Sisteron [1451-1503: 7 epidemics wipe out 2/3 of the population], Mur de la Peste [1722: Plague wall with guard posts built by Act of Parliament of Aix. Death penalty for any communication between Marseilles & the rest of Provence. Marseilles lifts quarantine, mass-graves, corpses lie scattered around city. 50,000 of Marseille’s 90,000 dead. 50,000+ die as plague spreads north to Aix-en-Provence, Arles-Beaucaire, Apt & Toulon] |
| Frontstalag / Bastilles [Prisons] Torture Le Théâtre du Grand Guignol: (pron gron geen-yole) In 1897 during The Reign of Terror an ex-private secretary to the Parisian police commissioner, Oscar Méténier, set up the theatre in the Paris Montmartre red-light district specializing in torture plays. It did not close down until 1962. Guignol is a lyonnaise marionnette from 1808 invented by Laurent Mourguet (1769-1844) – Mel Gordon: Grand Guignol: Theatre of Fear & Terror | Châteaubriant [1538: Count Jean de Laval, Governor of Brittany under Francis I murdered his wife Françoise de Foix, Countess of Châteaubriant by shutting her up in a padded cell, hacked to pieces by two surgeons], Château Dinan [Built by Dukes of Brittany. Prison cells & several dungeons], Château de Nantes [Prison chambers housed Gilles de Laval, Finance Minister Fouquet, Cardinal de Retz, & Duchess of Berry], Fontainebleau [North Central:. Îsle-de -France], Fontevrault-Fresnes [Fresnes, Val-de-Marne near the city of Paris. The largest prison in France, built by architect Henri Poussin in 1895. Used as a torture chamber during WWII. Dark holes, mass execution by the GeStaPo: Sonderkommando Rotte Kapelle who murdered Belgian Banking Heiress Suzanne Spaak for working with the MNCR: National Movement Against Racism. Automobile industrialist, Louis Renault, arrested for collaborating with the Nazis, died there in 1944. Italian mobster, Antonio Ferrara escaped using rocket launchers to blow holes in prison walls, car-bombs & machine gun fire in 2003], Mazan [Vaucluse. 1525: Nostradamus treats plague victims with cleanliness & blood-letting. Owner: Marquis de Sade-Donatien Alphonse François 1740-1814], Sangatte [Closed 2003. Red Cross 1,800+ asylum camp 1 mile from the English Channel rail-station. Miles of electrical razor wire surround tunnel entrance, 100 security guards. Red Cross estimates that of the 50,000 who have used the camp, about 42,000 finally did make it to the U.K., either through the tunnel or smuggled on ferries], La Santé [Paris],Suresnes [Paris], Font Vaucluse: Musée Historique de la Justice et des Châtiments [Genuine guillotine & other torture instruments] |
| Camp de concentration Victiu [Vichy Concentration Camps] DeHoMag-CEC: Companie Electro-Comptable de France: M. G. Connelly with Crédit Lyonnais Demographic Service: In Vichy. René Carmille develops the PIN: Personal Identification Number a unique 13 digit passcode identifying people. IBM-CEC receives a 36 million franc deal. The Fall of France: Germans pass north of the Maginot Line, sweep through Luxembourg & Belgium into northern France May 1940, Paris June 14. French government flees the capital. June 22: Germany occupies the northern two-thirds of France & a strip of western France along the Atlantic Ocean. Southern France remains in control with a new government at Vichy. In November 1942, German troops occupy all France. 33rd French SS Division Charlemagne: Prefecture de Police: Henri Bunle Vichy France Cabinet: François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand (1916 - 1996) Junior Minister of Vichy & President of France from 1981 - 1995 who abolished the death penalty. Received the Francisque La Cagoule: funded by Eugène Schueller founder of L’Oréal whose associates, André Bettencourt (who married his daughter) & Jacques Corrèze (CEO of US branch until 1991) held meetings, assasinated Italian anti-fascists the Rosellini Brothers, directly assisted the Nazis in taking Jewish private property, bombing synagogues & other Jewish monuments, & in shipping Jews to Nazi death camps. Schueller’s daughter is the richest woman in France with 18.8 billion dollars & the owner of Helena Rubenstein cosmetics. Her daughter married Jean-Pierre Meyers who lost both his parents at Auschwitz | La Zone Sud: Französischer Konzentrationslager Region Burgundy / La Bourgogne: E Central France: Dijon, Thol [Ain], Montceau-les-Mines [Saône et Loire], Chancelade [Dordogne] Tours / la Touraine: CentralFrontstalag Jargeau [Loiret Refugee camp created by Minister Daladier in 1940 as part of his Frontstalags program of concentration camps. Gypsies & prostitutes exterminated] Poitiers / le Poitou: West Central CC Galliac [Poitou, Midi-Pyrénées], Brens [Midi-Pyrénées région], CC Poitiers L’Auvergne-Limousin: SE Central France: Cantal, Puy-de-Dome, & part of Haute-Loire have covered Auvergne, Camp de Rivesaltes [ le cœur de la politique de Vichy: the heart of Vichy. Considered the Southern Zone equivalent of Drancy. Internees, young children starved to death, exposed to extreme cold. Camp filled with vermin & mice. 1957: 14,000+ Algerians interned in the Algerian War Capital of Auvergne Vichy moved to Clermont-Ferrand], Le Chambon-sur-Lignon [Haute-Loire, Auvergne], Saint-Paul d’Eyjeaux [Near Limoges, Limousin], Brive [Corrèze, Limousin], Oradour-sur-Glane [40 Waffen SS Alsaciens condemned for the massacre at Oradour-sur-Glane, a village in Haute-Vienne where 642 died on June 10, 1944. Marcel Darthout, a survivor, tells of how the town’s women were herded into the church & it was set on fire. The men were shot to death in a barn by Waffen SS Das Reich Division soldiers. Survivor: Robert Hebras (130)], Rieucros [Lozère] Region Gascony-Aquitaine-Bordeaux: SW France: Mérignac-Beaudésert [Gironde. Bordeaux transport camp to Sachsenhausen & Auschwitz], Fort du Hâ-Bordeaux, Camp-de-Gurs [Featured in Cannibal Holocaust & Michael Morpurgo’s Anya. Barbed-wire fence, one paved road, food administered by the le Croix Rouge. Léon Bérard, sénateur des Basses-Pyrénées: 1942: 2 820 men from Aquitaine, 9 771 women from Paris cycling area Vel d’Hiv tortured, die in the snow. 21,794 interned next year. 1380 death-marched to Mannheim & Baden in Germany. Others transfered to Drancy], Argelès-sur-Mer [Pyrenées Orientales. Deputé Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour declares Spanish Civil War refugees anarchists & international criminals. Called le village Basque for the 980+ Euskerian Galicians detained there the first year alone, Prison Saint-Michel [Tolouse], Récébédou [8 km from Tolouse in Haute Garonne. Extermination center set up in Nexon], Noé [Dupont 25 miles south of Toulouse. 76,000+ shipped to Nazi death camps from Noé-Longages railway station. Under a 1979 law most of France’s wartime archives are sealed for between 60 & 150 years after they were written] Region Occitania / le Langue D’Oc Region Savoy / la Savoie: SE France:Alpine Line of machine gun & bunker complexes borders Italy, Ruffieux [Savoie], Vénissieux [A suburb of Lyon in Grand Lyon, SE France. Inmates death-marched to Oranienberg], Grenoble [Maquis, French reistance fighters, died in the mountains waging guerilla warfare against the Germans. Site of Saint-Martin-de-Miséré 994 AD & Hercynian forest] Province Romaine / la Provence: SE France: Les Milles [Aix-en-Provence, Bouches-du-Rhône. Main Vichy Camp of SE France. Artist Max Ernst interned here. 1942: Leonhard Märker’s Operation Les Mille et Une Nuits where 3500+ inmates are transported in railroad cars for Drancy by GMR: Groupes Mobiles de Réserve troops, earns him the French Red Cross. Laval orders the murder of all Jewish children in 1943. Depicted in the French movie Train de Milles by Sébastien Grall & book Unholdes Frankreich a.k.a Der Teufel im Frankreich by Lion Feuchtwanger. Commissaire divisionnaire Robert Maulavé death marches 400+ prisoners from Marseille, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria. Now a museum], Loriol-sur-Drôme, Saliers [Bouches-du-Rhône], Millau-Larzac [Larzac® is an army assault aircraft jet engine from SNECMA Moteurs et Turbomeca. Le ministre de la Défense, Michel Debré, expands acreage in 1970 with the FDSEA: Fédération Départementale des Syndicats d’Exploitants Agricoles by seizing the town of La Cavalrie in Aveyron & nearby farms. 1978: Festival Wheat Harvest: famine], Saint-Maurice l’Ardoise [Gard], Bompard [Marseille], Le Levant [Marseille], Terminus [Marseille] To Sort / Sorter Saint-Cyprien, Saint-Suplice-la-Pointe, Rouille, Alès [labor camp], Manosque [labor camp], Les Mées [labor camp] La Zone Nord: Französischer Konzentrationslager Region Picardy-Flanders / la Picardie-Flandre: Dunkirk/Dunkerque [Invaded by the Germans], Douai, Loos-les-Lille / Loss les Lille, Camp de Royallieu à Compiègne [Picardie The Orthodox Catholic church canonized Fr Alexis Medvedkov, Fr Dimitri Klepinine, Mother Maria Skobtsova, Elie Fondaminskii & her son George Yuri Skobtsov They were arrested by GeStaPo & interned in the Compiègne Camp, before being deported in the Totenzug: Death Train to Germany. Mother Maria was gassed at Ravensbruck. Her poems are in the book Le Sacremant du Frere.] Champagne-Ardenne: NEArdennes-Maginot Line [1935: pronounced MAZH uh noh. Machine gun posts on the border of Germany (Eastern France) built by CORF: Commission d’Organisation des Régions Fortifiées in at a cost of 3 billion francs. Barbed-wire entanglements, Underground chambers] Paris: KZ Drancy [La Cité de la Muette. North-Eastern suburb of Paris. Public-housing project built in 1932 turned into a Sammellager: Assembly & deportation camp. WWI & WWII Louis Renault Tanks. SS Alois Brunner (d. 1993) Gendarmerie barracks . 70,000+ dead. Destroyed in 1976. Subcamps: Camp d’Aincourt [Seine-et-Oise], Beaune la Rolande [100 km south of Paris. Loiret Region. Annex for the Drancy concentration camp. Now the musée de la Résistance et de la Déportation], Lorris [Franz Kafka], Pithiviers [Loiret. 4000+ Parisian Jews interned in 1942-1942], Orléans [Loiret. Death commandos, stopped running in 1946], Cepoy [Loiret. 1000+ detainees with 300 guards. Convoys of prisoners death-marched to the south through the Briare Canal] Normandy-Armorica / la Normandie-Armorique: NW: CC Boulogne-sur-Mer [Cherbourg. Battle of Normandy, Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay sends 4000 landing craft, 130 warships. Air Marshal Sir Trafford Leigh-Mallory’s 12,000 aircraft with 5,000 tons of bombs], CC Caen [Bass-Normandie. 1066: Château de Caen, home of William the Conquerer. Invasion of Normandy: During saturated bombing the locals hid out at l’Abbaye aux Hommes. After WWII it took 16 years to rebuild the city. Home of the Museum for Peace], CC Coudrecieux [Sarthe], Villers-Bocage [WWII: Battle of Villers-Bocage decimates a large section of the village & results in a German victory by SS-Obersturmführer Michael Wittmann against the British Desert Rats in Cromwell tanks] Brittany / la Bretagne: NW Brest [Finistère,. Used as a NAZI submarine base in WWII. Bombed by the Allies & re-built in the 1950s], CC Rennes, CC Montreuil-Bellay [Maine-et-Loire, W central France], CC Moisdon-la-Rivière [Loire-Atlantique], CC Étables-sur-Mer [Cótes-d’Amor, Bretagne. On March 9, 1941 The Vichy Direction Départementale de l’Agriculture institutes a policy called remembrement rural: land consolidation where the countryside is destroyed. Trees & hedges are bulldozed, causing flooding. Sacred stones uprooted & land is redistributed. January 1976: Farmers’ Syndicat de Défense et de Promotion paysanne writes the French Minister of Agriculture & engages in civil disobedience. They have nothing left to lose. The letter documents starving farmers deprived of their livelihood comitting suicide] |
| KZ Elsaß-Schwaben-Burgund / CC Alsace: NE France Büttner. Minette GmbH [Hans Riedel, Ferdinand Porsche, Bodo La Fferentz & Anton Piech] In German Alsace is called Elsaß. & the Lorraine region is called Lothringen. The Trial of Adolf Eichman Session 41: Dr Grueber: ‘France was to hand over Alsace-Lorraine, but in a judenfrei: jew-free condition.’ Baden, Palatinate & Saar people arrested, packed into wagons on which was written Jews from Alsace-Lorraine | Außlager: Subcamps: KDO THIL-Longwy-Erz / CC THILL-Pays de Longwy, Thiel, Alsace [4 km outside the city. Mining camp. Project Tiercele of Büttner. Minette GmbH liquidated. Inmates transported to Kochendorf & Natzweiler May-October 1944: V2 rocket factory. 500 Hungarian machinists brought from Auschwitz-Birkenau], Colmar [Prison], Metz / Moseille [Fort Quéuleu SS Training School. 175 NE of Paris in Lothringen: Lorraine], Rothau [Unterelsaß: Bas-Rhin: Lower Rhine], Husseren-Wesserling [Oberelsaß: Haut-Rhin: Upper Rhine], Sicherunslager Vorbrück-Schirmeck [Bruch Valley, Alsace, Bas-Rhin. Mémorial de l’Alsace-Moselle, Jewish cemetary, synagogue], Peltre [Near Metz, Moselle, Lorraine], Vadenay [Marne], Audun-le-Tiche [Moselle. Deutsche Reichsbahn, transportation center site under the Roka Kommando], Sennheim-Cernay, Oberehnheim-Obernai [Near Strasbourg. SS Training School], Saint-Dié-des-Vosges [Lorraine], Schomberg / Schonberg |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 007: KZ Natzweiler-Struthof / CC Natzwiller la route des 10000 crânes SS. Otto Walther: DEST Aufseherin Maria Aichele: Made famous by her abuse & sadism. She was never arrested by the US Army, nor the French Army for her crimes | Hollerith Workdeath 007. Located in the village of Natzwiller, 31 miles south of Strasbourg in the Vosges Mountains of North East France, Lorraine region. The mountains border Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg & Switzerland. 45,000+ dead, exécution crématoire ashes thrown in garden, gas chambers, electrocution, whipped to death, phénol injection NN: Nacht und Nebel: Night & Fog members of resistance movements in France, Belgium, Russia, the Netherlands & Norway. coded 14 on punch-cards. Human experiments without anaesthetic, vivisection, stérilisation, dissection mustard gas, typhus, epidemic jaundice at l’Institut d’Anatomie de Strasbourg. Professeur Hirth said the 86 corpses he had were only sleeping & used his Swiss passport to return to Germany. Le Docteur Van Haagen, retourné à la Luftwaffe. |
| Marianberger Komturia | Camp Sainte-Maire / Marienburg [In Nice, S. France. SS Alois Brüner rid Vienna of Jews & was then transfered to Nice. He rounded up the Jews of Côte d’Azur & Nice. In 1954 he fled to Damascus, where the goverment refused to extradite him. In 1985 he gave an interview to Bunte Magazine saying his only regret was that he did not kill more Jews. Two mailbombs leftt him blind in one eye & missing three fingers. If he is still alive he is 94 years old. (132)] Camp de Voves [Eure, Located in Haute-Normandie: Upper Normandy. Prefecture for Jewish Concerns established & issues the yellow stars] |
| Des maternités de Consanguinité [Lebensborn] UN War-crimes Forced Maternity & Sexual Violence | Westwald [Lamorlaye bei Chantilly. These children are later called Enfants Maudits: Cursed Children & their mothers Les Femmes tondues.] |
| Gabon [French Equitorial Africa] | |
| Industrial Farming 1470: Portuguese slavery 1839: Seized by France 1910-1959: French Equatorial Africa: Gabon one of four territories August 17, 1960: Independance Order of the Equatorial Star 1961: OPEC | Libreville [Gulf of Guinea. 1839: French missionaries], Owendo [Trans-Gabon railroad], Lambarene [1912: Hospital built by missionary Albert Schweitzer(1875-1965) of Strasbourg, Alsace. 1923: Philosophy of Civilization, 1939: From My African Notebook, 1949: Goethe Bicentennial Convocation. 1952: Nobel Peace Prize Winnings used to build a leper colony]Foreign aid putting less money into African agriculture. ‘First, farmers don’t want to be trapped into buying seed each year, for they have heard correctly that the seed companies insist that farmers sign forms promising not to save a portion of the crop for planting next year. Second, there’s a fear that transgenic plants will escape from the fields in which they were planted & may interbreed with local varieties to create Roundup-resistant superweeds Third, there’s a fear that the giant companies developing these crops may succeed in patenting both transgenic & conventional crops & in this way slow down conventional breeding. ’ – Professor Brett Wallach Ph.D |
| Gambia [British Senegambia] | |
| Slavery 1588: Antonio, Prior of Crato, sells the Gambia River to Queen Elizabeth I 1755: English invade 1965: Independent February 18 under Prime Minister David K. Jawara | Banjul [British military post. 3 million+ slaves over three centuries of the transatlantic slave trade], Juffure [According to Alex Haley’s Roots, the Gambia River provided one of the clues that helped him trace his American family history back to Africa. The words Kamby Bolongo were among the few words that his family had been passed down from generation to generation; he discovered that a bolongo was a moving water or river in the Mandinka language, so he concluded that the phrase probably referred to the Gambia River. His theory was confirmed], James Island [slave trade, UNESCO World Heritage Site] |
| Georgia [Iberia: Winter Yew / Transcaucasian Republic] | |
| Genotsid 1212 AD: Queen Thamar dies. Mongols invade. 1922: Transcaucasian Republic incorperated into the Soviet Union. Joseph Stalin was from Georgia. 1991: Independance | Tblisi [1924: 5000+ executed by Russian Police Chief Lavrentry Pavlovich Beria under Stalin. Beria became head of the NKVD & was executed by Kruschev.] |
| Germany: Plough-Man [Deutschland / Prussia] | |
| Die Grabhügeln [Mass Graves] Totentanz: Dead Can Dance | St. Mary ’s Church, Berlin [Plague], Chapel of Bleibach [Plague], St. Michaels Church, Freiburg Franciscan Convent [Plague], St. Ann’s Chapel, Fässen [Plague], Germelshausen, Göttigen [Plague], Greifswald, Züssow, Haselbach [Plague], Chapel of Jurgen, Wolgast [Plague], Lübeck [Plague], Chapel of Straubing [plague. la danse macabre], Chapel of Schambach [Plague], Chapel of Wolhusen [Plague], Chapel of Wondreb [Plague], Spandau Citadel [1876: Spandau, W Berlin. Demolished in 1987], Wismar [1376: 10,000 die of the plague. Nosferatu filmed here.] |
| Lebensborn [Spring of Life] UN War-crimes Forced Maternity & Sexual Violence 1933: All abortions outlawed & doctors who violate the law executed. Women are removed from the work force & encouraged to have children, whether they are married or not. Nazis promote Aryan births through marriage loans, child subsidies & official decorations for hero mothers of four children or more. | 1936: SS Maternity Homes established by Heinrich Himmler for racially pure women & girls to give birth in secret. Children adopted by the NAZI party. Himmler offers promotions to SS Men based on the number of offspring they produce. Kidnappings, Germanisation & subsequent killings of thousands of children from the occupied countries. Bad Polzin / Pommern [1938], Bichl [Bayern], Franken [1944], Gmunden /Traunsee, Hochland [Steinhöring, near Munich. 10000+ children. Himmler’ s SS refurbish hotels, villas, ski chalets, schools & build 10 in Norway], Hohenhorst / Bremen, Klosterheide / Kurmark [1937], Nordrach / Schwarzwald, Pernitz / Muggendorf, Schaulkausen / Kreis Ansbach, Sonnenese [Kohren Salis near Leipzig, Saxony], Wiesbaden / Taunus [Capital of the State of Hesse], Wenigerode / Harz [1937], Wolfsgruen [Eibenstock Convalescent Home for Mothers] |
| Konzentrationslagen [Concentration Camps] AGFA / Astra / BMW / Ford / HASAG / Heinkel / Junker / Krupp / Ornier / Olvay / Royal-Dutch Shell / Valentine / Vistra / Volkswagon / Zeiss-Ikon / Daimler-Benz [Stuttgart] / Lech-Elekteizitätswerke [Augsburg] / I. G. Farben [Frankfort] / Mannesman [Düsseldorf] / Opel Automotiv [Rüsselsheim] /Siemens [Berlin] / Schokoladenfabrik [Tangermünde] There were 20,000 German slave labor camps. IBM’s German subsidiary DeHoMag: Deutsche Hollerith Maschinenwerk Aktiengesellschaft provided the NAZI regime with punch card machines. It was taken over by the NAZIs in 1939. ‘Aided by the company’s custom-designed & constantly updated Hollerith systems, Hitler was able to automate his persecution of the Jews. Historians have always been amazed at the speed & accuracy with which the Nazis were able to identify & locate European Jewry. Until now, the pieces of this puzzle have never been fully assembled. The fact is, IBM technology was used to organize nearly everything in Germany & then Nazi Europe, from the identification of the Jews in censuses, registrations, & ancestral tracing programs to the running of railroads & organizing of concentration camp slave labor.’ – Edwin Black Reich Cabinet SA: SturmAbteilung: Storm Troopers:
LSSA- Adolf Hitler: Julius Schreck (1936) SS-Oberleitung-Stabswache: Emil Maurice Economics Office: WVHA: Wirtschaft und Vervaltungshauptamt: Oswald Pohl Security Reserves: Richard Glücks Sanitätsstaffel: Medical Office: Tiergartenstraße 4, Berlin: Josef Mengele SS-Gaus / Oberführerbereiche: Regionen, SS-Waffen: Armed: Günter d’Alquen. SS-TV: Death’s Head: Theodore Eiche SS-Allgemeine-Standarten: Reinhard Heydrich (’42)
Luftwaffe: Aviation: Herman Göring (1946) Wehrmacht: Defense: Wilhelm Keitel & Ernst August Köstring Finance: Lutz Shwerin von Krosigk Justice: Franz Schlegelberger Agriculture: Walter Darré (1953) Labor: Franz Seldte Science: Bernhard Rust Ecclesiastical Affairs: Hanns Kerl (1941) Transportation: Julius Dorpmüller Postal: lhelm Ohnesorge Munitions: Fritz Todt & Albert Speer (1981) ReichsBank: Horace Greely Hjalmar Schlacht Law Academy: Hans Frank (1946) | Reichsippenant [Race Political Office] Director: Friedrich Burgdörfer, IBM-DeHoMag Contract Operator: Karl Koch 1933: Hitler comes to power & orders a census. Storm Troopers & SS: Shutzstaffel collect the census information door to door. Tabulating staffers supplied by the German Labor Front’s Berlin Employment Office at the Karstadthaus Prussian Statistical Office at Alexanderplatz under Dr. Höpker. 450 punching stations; punched forms delivered to 20 key typewriter-like input engines. Cards funneled down Hollerith counting chutes at the rate of 250,000 per hour. The whole census takes four months. Proofing machines verify information at 15,000 cards per hour. Jewish counting cards are processed seperately. 1934: The process of sterilizing the unfit is called Hollerith Nachtrichten. The welfare office punchcards are sent to the new expanded sorting office in Lichterfeld. 1939: Greater Reich Racial Census. Up unto this point the punch cards can only be sorted by numbers, with certain numbers corresponding to race, profession, or geography. Wasson finally develops what is truly needed for mass-scale destruction, alphabetizers. 405 alphabetizers perfected from the 1935 New York census. Concentration Camp machines are known as the Hollerith Abteilung: Hollerith Bureau administered by the Arbeitseinsatz: Work Exterminators of each camp. Concentration camp Häftlingen: prisoners (Häftling singular) assigned a five digit Hollerith number which is tattooed onto their arm. Tattoo: das Trommeln. Inmate files kept at Department DII at Oranienburg. Häftlingskarte: Personal Inmate Cards rubber-stamped Hollerith erfaßt: Hollerith registered when completed. At bottom of the card under Kontrollvermerk: Control Mark is ausgestellt: issued, verschlüßelt: encoded, Lochk geprüft: punch card verified. Punch card operator number hand-stamped at the bottom. Military Tattoo: der Zapfenstreich. SS have a blood group tattoo under the left arm. The scar will be there to this day. 2002: The NDP: National Democratic Party the political party for NAZI ideology. HIAG organization of war veterans collects money for Stille Hilfe who helps convicted neo-Nazis. ZDF Television shows a paper plan in place for die Vierte Reich: The Fourth Reich for Germans only. (130) Hollerith Abteilung: Hollerith Worker Codes04: General Execution 06: Gas Chamber Execution 08: Jew 12: Gypsy 14: Nacht und Nebel Sch/P: Schutzhäftling/Pole 0149: Carpente The general populace refers to concentration camps as Kah-Tzets (the initials KZ in German) German States: Schleswig-Holstein: Albingia-Salia [White Moon] [N: North Sea] KZ Hamburg-Fuhsbuttel [Womens camp. SS man August Langmesser’s fiancé Irma Eckler killed here. Langmesser sent to fight on the Eastern Front (131)], KZ Hamburg-Wittmoor [Operating in 1933], Hamburg [GeStaPo arrest house], Hamburg-Atona [Prison], Hamburg-Bergedorf [Prison], Hamburg-Eidelstedt [Female Prison], Hamburg-Fischbeck [Prison], Hamburg-Glashuette [Mining camp], Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg [Prison], Hamburg-Wandsbeck [Mining camp]Mecklenberg-Vorpommern: Pomerania [N: Baltic Sea] Falkenhagen-Furstenwalde, Heinkel Flugzeugwerke [Warnemünde, Mecklenberg-Pomerania. 15,000 prisoners. forced labor producing airplane parts for the German Luftwaffe] Brandenburg [Raven] [NE] Falkensee [Brandenburg. DEMAG-Panzerwerke. 2,500], Brandenburg-Havel [1933-1934: GeStaPo Camp], Berlin-Alexanderstraße [GeStaPo Prison], Berlin-Templehof [GeStaPo Camp 1934], Berlin-Moabit [Detention Center], Berlin-Plötzensee [Prison], Berlin-Babelsberg [Sachsenhausen], Berlin-Falkensee, Berlin-Halensee Demag, Berlin-Henningdorf, Berlin-Lichterfelde, Berlin-Lichtenrade, Berlin-Reinickendorf [Argus], Berlin-Siemens Stadt, Berlin-Tegel, Berlin-Wilmersdorf Hanover-Niedersachsen: Frisia [NW] KZ Farge [Bremen, Plague. Nazi subcamp of Oranienberg. Bremen is its own city-state], Breme-Blumenthal [Deshimag & Weser Firm], Breme-Farge, Breme Osterport-Reispott, Breme-Schtzenhof, Breme-Vegesach Aumund [Female Camp], Brink-Hanover, Brunswick-Bussing, KZ Hanover-Ahlem [SS Prison], Göttingen / Gottingen [SS Training School], KZ Moringen-Sollung [Between Göttingen & Hanover. WWI concentration camp. Medical experiments, Criminal biology: Children sterilized as a result of genetic or criminal biological reports WWII SS Sonderlager: 1,600+ male juvenile prisoners aged 12-22 & sometimes younger. Arrested for refusal to serve in the Hitler Youth, sabotage, refusal to work, criminality; membership in the Swing youth movement; homosexuality, prostitution & political resistance] North Rhine-Westfalia: Limberg [Western Plain] Beverungen [Flossebeurg Außlager], Duisen, Düsseldorf [Dora-Mittelbau Außlager: Zeitz Co], Dortmund [Dora-Mittelbau Außlager: Metallurgy], Essen I: Essen [Krupp], Essen II: Gelsenkirchen [SS Todt: Death’s Head], Hamm, Köln / Cologne [7038 Allied POWs], Cologne Fordwerk [Ford Factory. Prisoners supplied by Dora-Mittelbau], Cologne Hansestadt [Public Works. Dora-Mittelbau], Cologne Westwagon [Car Factory. Dora-Mittelbau], Lippstadt [Female Concentration Camp. Metallurgy in Westfalia], Marburg [also a burial ground for plague victims], Rheinbach [Bonn], Stuzpunkt Sauerland I [Dora-Mittelbau], Schwerte / Ruhr [Dora Mittelbau Außlager], Unna [SS 5th Corps], Wesel Hesse-Nassau: Chatti [Grain Place] [Center] Bingau, Bischofsheim, Darmstadt [GeStaPo Camp], Frankfurt-am-Main / Francfort-sur-le-Main [Prison. Adler S.A: Adler-Salón de Francfort Peugot Dealership], Frankfurt-Hoest I, Frankfurt-Hoest II, Heppenheim, Hessen-Auerbach-Bensheim [Fritz Bauer for the State of Hessen decides to try war criminals. Between 1945-1961 he indicts 2024 people for war crimes. 945 are convicted. Bauer is found dead with overdose of pills in a bathtub in 1968 according to coroner Joachim Gerchow. Although there is suspicion that Odessa, a group of NAZI veterans, has murdered him & the death is unusual the state does not investigate. (132) ], Hessich-Lichtenau [Female Concentration Camp], Kassel Mittelbau [Henschel Co], Thüringen: Thuringia [Center] KZ Venusberg [Flossenbeurg Außlager], KZ Gotha [Marcel Callo detained]Dora-Mittelbau-Nordhausen Außlager: Artern Mittelbau, Bad Langensalza / Lagensalza [Salt Mine Concentration Camp], Bad Salsungen [Ludwig Renntier Salt Mine. SS Todt: Death’s Head Division], Blankenburg, Eisenach-Thuer [BMW & Durhof Factories], Gross-Werther / Großwenther Mittelbau, Harzungen-Metzkater Mittelbau, Hohlstedt Mittelbau, Kleinbodungen-Klein Bodungen Mittelbau, Langenstein Mittelbau-Maifish [Polte Factory, Bode Co, Gruen Co, Bulfinger Co], Niedersachswerfen [Ammunitions Factory], Freiheit-Osterode am Harz Mittelbau [Kurt Heber Firm], Rossla Mittelbau, Rothenberg-Sale [Mansfeld Society], Rottleberode-Heinrich, Saalfeld-Oertelsbuch: Laura Mittelbau, Salza/Thüringen, Sangerhausen Mittelbau, Sollstedt Mittelbau: Bau Brigade I, Sömmerda / Soemmerda [Female Concentration Camp], Suhl [Gustoff Factory], Walkenried-Harz, Weimar-Fischtenhain [IENA Optical. GeStaPo training school], Wieda Mittelbau, Woffleben // Dora-Mittelbau Außlager To Sort: Aschersleben-Duben [Junkers Motors], Baalberg, Bad Berka [Usine Martyn], Bad Godesburg-Vinzerstube [This one is so notorious people speak of it in hushed whispers], Berlstedt [DEST: Mineral Factory], Bernberg [Solvay Factory], Birkhahn-Motzlich [Siemens Factory], Buttelstedt [Schlossen Firm], Gandersheim-Club [Henkel Factory], Ellrich Mittelbau, Elsnig [Factories producing explosives], Giessen [Sanitary Services. Gerta Construction], Grasleben-Gazelle [Gerhard Constructions] Gunzerode, Hadmersleben-Hans [Construction], Hardehausen-Scherfede, Herzberg-Elster [Female Concentration Camp], Ilfeld [SS Training Camp], Kelbra Mittelbau, Lehesten-Laura, Leimbach [Salt Mine], Leopoldshall [Junker Factory], Lohausen [Dynamite], Lutzendorf [Winterthall Factory], Mackenrode [Crematorium], Merseberg [Ammonia Factory], Meuselwitz [Schneider], Niederorchel [Langen & Junker Factories], Nuxei Mittelbau, Ohrdruf Crahwinkel [Mining Tunnels], Osterhagen, Plomnitz, Raguhn [Female Concentration Camp run by Heerbrandt Co.], Regenstein Rhemsdorf-Willy [Zeitz Factory], Schlieben, Senneglager [Panzer Training School], Tannroda [Paper Factory], Tartun [Junker], Tonndorf, Trautenstein, Wannsleben Sachsen-Anhalt [Electorial Saxony] [E]Magdeburg [Brabag Factory], Halle-Sade / Halle-Saale [Dora-Mittelbau Außlager: Siebel Aviation Factory], Witten-Annen AGW [On the Ruhr] Sachsen: Saxony / Lausitz: Lusatia [Raven] [E] KZ Löbau-Zittau [Enterprise ZITT. Schoenman Werke aircraft parts slave labor factory on the Czech border. Inmates housed in Neisse Lager], KZ Zwickau / Cvikov [Chrostau Camp for the young], KZ Bautzen / Budysin, Flossenbuerg Außlager: Aue-Schwarzenberg [Hitler Youth Camp], Château Eisenberg-Jezeri [Concentration Camp in a Castle], Flöha [Saxony, near municipality of Frankenstein], Freiberg-Sachsen Messerschmidt [Female Camp. Ailderbrand], Gröditz, Heidenau [Elbe Valley], Hainichen [Female Camp. Framo Enterprise], Koenigstein / Elbe [Weidemann Firm. SS Todt: Death’s Head], Johanngeorgenstadt, Lengenfeld [Leng Enterprises], Leipzig Lindenthal, Leipzig Markkleeberg, Leipzig Schonau, Leipzig Thekla, Meißen [Capitol of Saxony], Mehltheur [Machinery], Mittweida [Lorenz Firm. Female Camp], Mockethal [SS Services], Nossen [Wettin Dynasty], Oederan [Saxony. Borders Chemnitz. Female Camp], Rathen [SS Todt], Rochlitz [Mittweide district. Headed by Marianne Essmann], Seifhennersdorf [SS], Schonebeck-Elbe-Julius, Schönheide, Neuengammen Außlager: KZ Lichtenburg [Near Torgau, Saxony. Operating in 1933: SS Oberaufseherin Jane Bernigau. Prison guard Juana Bormann], Neumau / Löbau [Saxony] Rhineland-Pfalz: Lower Palatinate [W] Bitburg, Cochem, Mainz / Mayence-Finthen, Speyer, Trier / Trèves, KZ Koblenz-Rebstock [Flossenbeurg Außlager: Subcamp: Moselle River empties into the Rhine here. Gollnow Firm] Saarland [W] Saarbrucken [Capital of the State. GeStaPo Prison] Baden-Württemberg: Swabia [SW] Dachau Außlager: Kuhberg-Ulm [GeStaPo Camp 1933-1935: Klockner Societies], Heidenheim [Police School], Flossenbuerg Außlager: Satellite Camps: Baden-Baden, Bad-Oppenau [Wolfach Prison in Bad], Balingen Bisingen, Calw [Female Camp], Freiburg, Heidelburg, Ludwigsburg, Karlsruhe I: Durlach [Detention Prison], Karlsruhe II, Karlsruhe III, Holzen, KZ Neckarelz I et II-Neckarzimmern, KZ Neckarelz Bad Rappenau, KZ Neckargerach-Guttenbach, KZ Neckargartach-Heilbronn [Two mining prisons], Neunkirchen, Obrigheim [nuclear power plant shut down in 1995], Neuegammen Außlager: Bernhausen, Daudenzell, Balingen Dautmergen [Site of the 1200 BC Urnfield Culture: Hallstatt A & B cairns], Balingen Dortmettingen-Frommern [Oil refinary bombed in strategic air attack. SS Todt: Death’s Head Division], Balingen Ersingen / Erzingen [Baden], Balingen Schomberg, Balingen Schorzingen, Ellwangen [Schwabia], Geislingen [Near French border], Gross-Sachesenheim, Guttenbach, Haslach [Father Alexis Dechaux arrested by GeStaPo Walter Menzel survived the camp], DJK Mannheim-Sanhofen [Daimler-Benz plant], Mosbach, Plattenwald, Sandweier [Baden], Schwäbisch-Hall-Weckrieden [Prison in Bad Würtemburg State near Stuttgart. Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh & Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, granddaughter of Queen Victoria & Prince Albert, died here in 1942. Her parents were Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh & grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia. She married Prince Ernest Hohenlohe-Langenburg & had four children: Prince Godfrey, Princess Marie-Melita, Princess Alexandra, Princess Irma], Stuttgart I: Echterdingen [Zeppelin manufacture], Stuttgart II: Leonberg, Tailfingen, Weinheim Bayern / Bavaria: Upper Palatinate [SE] Dachau Außlager: Sub Camps: Allach-Moosach [Harlsfeld & Rothwaige Porcelain Factories. SS Todt: Death’s Head Division], Allersdorf-Liebhof, Asbach-Baumenheim, Aubing, Aufkirch-Kaufbeuren [Dornier Factory], Augustenfeld-Pollnhof-Rothschwaige, Bad-Ischl-Saint Wolfgang-Strobl, Bad Tolz [SS Military Hospital], Bayersoien [NAZI Service Bureau], Bayrischezell [SS Military Hospital], Birgsau-Oberstdorf, Bruningsau, Burgau Messerschmitt [Kuno Firm], Burghausen [UNIC Firm], Burgkirchen, Donauworth, Durach-Kottern, Eching [SS Death’s Head], Ellwagen, Emmerting-Endorf [UNIC Firm], Fistenau, Fischorn / Bruck, Freising, Freidolfing [Female Concentration Camp], , Freidrichshaffen [Zeppelin Factory], Fulpmes [School], Fussen-Plansee-Hôtel Florelle [Female], Gablingen-Esserschmidt, Garmisch-Partenkirche [SS Military Hospital. Spoken of in hushed tones], Germening-Neuabing, Gmund [Hanging death], Grimolsried-Mittelneufnach [SS Todt: Death’s Head Division], Heppenheim, Horgau-Pfersee Messerschmidt, Ingolstadt [Crematorium], Château Itter [Female camp inside a castle], Karlsfeld [SS Todt: Death’s Head], Kaufbeuren [BMW Factory in the woods: Men, women & children. Thousands dead of starvation. Child’s mass graveyard], Kaufering [Female camp], Königsee, Kruckhalm, Lauingen, Lochau, Lochhausen [BMW], Hohof, Mulldorf Ampfing-Waldlager V & VI, Mettenheim, Obertaufkirchen, Neuberg-Donau, Neustift [Training school in the high mountains], Oberdorf, Oberfohring, Ottobrunn, Oetztal, Passau, Puchreim, Radolfzell, [SS School], Rohrdorf-Thansau, Rosenheim, St. Gilden / Wolgansee, St. Lambrecht, Salzweg, Sandhoffen, Saulgau [L. Bautz Firm], Spitzingsee [Skiing], Stephanskirchen [BMW], Sutdelfeld [SS Mountain Chalet], Traustein, Trostberg [BMW], Trutzkirch-Tutzig, Uberlingen [Magnesium], Unterschleissheim [Female], Vulpmess, Weidach [Spoken of in hushed tones], Wieilheim, Weissensee, Wolfratshausen Gelting Neufahrn, Wurach bei Wolhof, Zangeberg Flossenbuerg Außlager: Satellite Camps: FFW Altenhammer, Ansbach, Bayreuth [Home of the Richard Wagner Festival], Berchtesgaden [Ache River. Salt Mine. Adolf Hitler had a home in the mountains near Berchtesgaden. In 1938, Hitler and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain met there resulting in the Munich Conference], Bernau-Chiemsee [(pronounced KEY-m-ZAY) Prison], Foerrenbach, Ganacker, Grafenreuth, Gundelsdorf, Happurg, Knellendorf, Münchberg, Nürnberg-Siemens, Neustadt, Obertraubling, Plattling, Pocking, Pottenstein, Reuth bei Erbendorf, Saal / Donau, Spaichingen, Spitzingesee, St. Georgenthal [Female concentration camp owned by the Schulze Firm. Site of a monastery], St. Oetzen [Schreyer Company], Schlackenwerth, Uberlingen, Wolkenburg, Würzburg, Neuengamme Außlager: Donauese-Kaisheim, Ellingen, Goben, Rheingau-Taunus: Geisenheim [Krupp], |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 001: KZ Buchenwald / Dora-Mittelbau-Boelke Kaserne-Nordhausen Mittelwerk GmBH Commandant: Karl Otto Koch (1897-1945) executed by SS Ilse Koch. After the war she committed suicide in her cell Dr. Ganzweiler: Medical experiments involving typhus, yellow fever, smallpox, chemical agents, poisoned ammunition. bodies dissected & body parts stored in jars on shelves Lagerführerin Erna Petermann: Dora-Mittelbau-Nordhausen | Thuringia, 5 miles north of Weimar. Museum Tour Guide witnessed the death marches. 250,000 dead starvation. Chlorkalk poured over dead Jews before cremation. Dora-Mittelbau: Administration fused with Buchenwald. Hartz Mountains near Nordhausen, Thuringia. Asphixiation by Von Braun of Apollo Space Project. Dora a death commando for Buchenwald The former crematorium, one of two buildings still intact, is a museum. ‘The Mission had been told that Nordhausen was a large underground factory, and that they would see extraordinary production methods. The reaction of the Mission to this visit ... was one of the utmost revulsion and disgust. This factory is the epitome of megalomaniac production and robot efficiency and layout. Everything was ruthlessly executed with utter disregard for humanitarian considerations. The record of Nordhausen is a most unenviable one, and we were told that 250 of the slave workers perished every day, due to overwork and malnutrition. Some of the Mission visited a slave workers’ encampment, talked to a Dutch doctor who had been there throughout the war, and saw many of the wretched inmates, who were in an apalling state, although receiving every medical attention now. They also saw stretchers heavily saturated in blood, a room in which there was a slab on which the bodies were drained of blood, and the incinerators in which the bodies were burnt. These are all facts which require to be seen to be fully appreciated. This terrible and devilish place has now passed into Russian hands and it is sincerely hoped that our allies will deal with it in a proper and adequate manner.’ – Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub-Committee, The Fedden Mission to Germany (pg 75), 1945 KZ Altenburg-Thuringe [ 25 miles south of Dresden. Slave labor for HASAG run by Nazi Paul Budin, a highly placed member of the Nazi party. Beginning in the summer of 1944, labor camps were established next to each HASAG plant in Germany, all of which were satelite camps of Buchenwald. More women were employed since HASAG paid the SS less for women than men. & also HASAG’s experience was that women had a higher mortality rate than men. Paul Budin is assumed to have committed suicide with his wife, in April 1945, when he blew up the company’s head office in Leipzig] KZ Mühlhausen-Martha, Thuringia / CC Mulhouse, Haut Rhin [1944-1945: Buchenwald administration opened a women’s subcamp directly outside Mühlhausen. Forced labor & starvation. Death-marched to Bergen Belsen in April 1945. Junkers Aviation] Kemma-Wuppertal Baubrigade IV: Barmen Westfalia. GeStaPo Camp 1933 Berge-Elster Mittelbau: Schalbe V |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 002: KZ Dachau-Leitenberg Reich Chief of Civilian Medical Services: Dr. Leonardo Conti, experiments with malaria, typhus, infective hepatitis on 1,200 prisoners, most of them Catholic priests | 1933: At Dachau, right outside of Munich-München, Bavaria. Accessible via U-Bahn. Modeled on the camps used in the Boer War. 200,000 dead Seen in the Twilight Zone épisode Death’s Head Revisited. Used to house the SS defendants in the Nuremburg Trials. .Außlager: Satellite Camps: Augsburg [Bavaria. Plague. Later turned into a concentration camp under Lech-Elekteizitätswerke Messerschmidt], Feldafing, Muhldorf Toging / Inn, Munchen-68 |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 003: KZ Flossenbuerg-Chemnitz-Regensburg 1938: Crematorium built in valley 46 staff tried by the American Military; 41 found guilty. | Oberpfalz, Bavaria near Nüremburg. 40,000+ forced laborers in granite quarry, starved in isolation chambers. Six extra gallows hooks built in 1945 to hang 15,000+ people. SS stacked the bodies in piles & set them on fire with gasoline. 22,000 death-marched to Dachau. 30,000 inmates killed at liberation Chemnitz is in Saxony. After World War II the East German government decided to turn Chemnitz into a socialist model city & built concrete slab buildings in the city center. In 1953 Chemnitz was renamed Karl-Marx-Stadt. It returned to the original name of Chemnitz on 21 June 1990. |
| Flossenbeurg Außlager: Satellite Camps GeStaPo Camps 1933-1937 KZ Ahrensbock [Closed 1936], KZ Bad Sulza [1933-1937], KZ Bergkamen [Closed March 1938], KZ Braunweiler, KZ Hammerstein [1933-1935], Heuberg [1933] | KZ Bernheim, KZ Meuseltz, KZ Ohrdruf [death marches], KZ Recklinghausen, KZ Rottleberode,KZ Gießen-Allendorf [Anna Fest a guard. Weapons munitions factory. Her book is Frauen: German Women Recall the Third Reich], KZ Siegmar-Schönau [Concentration Camp & Wanderer brand car factory bombed in WWII], KZ Wetzler KZ Hersbruck [Hubmersberg, Nürnbergerland. Außenlager: Subcamp of Flossenbürg. Die Häftlinge trieben eine unterirdische Stollenanlage für die Rüstungsindustrie in den Berg Houbirg bei Happurg, das Doggerwerk. [The prisoners drift – an alien fruitcake for the industry in the mountain Houbirg nearby Happurg, Dogger Foundry] Innerhalb dieser kurzen Zeit verloren nahezu 4000 Menschen ihr Leben. [In this short time 4000 people lost their lives] Der Verein Dokumentationsstätte KZ Hersbruck e.V. erinnert an die damaligen Geschehnisse und legt besonderen Wert auf die präventive Arbeit mit Jugendlichen gegen Gewalt im Sinne unserer freiheitlich demokratischen Grundordnung. [The documentation of Camp Hersbruck remembers what happened then & has some words about Preventative Work with the young against the force in feeling our Free Democractic Order Director: Pfarrer Lenz. Barracks for 6000+ prisoners from over 23 nations. Weapons munitions factory for BMW-Flugzeugmotoren, Firmen AEG, Thosti, Tauber, Hoch-Tief AG, Siemens Bau-Union Todesmärche: Death Marches to Dachau in 600 person convoys] |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 008: KZ Neuengamme Deutscher Frauenorden Rotes Hakenkreuz der NSDAP: Nationalsozialische Deutsche Arbeiterpartai Völkische Frauenorden [German Women’s Order of the Red Swastika of the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. Women’s Order of the People] Founded in 1928 by Elsbeth Zander. Zelle, Zelleiter: administrative divisions.
Jungsturm Adolf Hitler / HJ: Hitler Jugend: Hitler Youth Established 1922 to train & recruit future members of the Sturmabteilung: Storm Troopers 1926: Kurt Gruber & Gerhard Roßbach Shilljugend 1936: Gesetz über die Hitlerjugend: Compulsory membership law. Corps organized under adult leaders. Membership at 5 million. 1937: HJ a stepping stone to the élite SS: Schutzstaffel & bestowed with the single Sig Rune (victory symbol) The SS utilized two Sig Runes as their mark, & this gesture served to symbolically link the two groups. 1939: Nuremberg: Annual Nazi Party Rally: Basic unit of the Hitler Youth was the Bann, the equivalent of a military regiment. Of these Banne, there were more than 300 spread throughout Germany, each with 6000 youths. Each unit carried a flag with the Bann number, displayed in black on a yellow scroll above the Imperial State of Prussia eagle’s head grasping a black hammer & sword in its talons. 1940: Artur Axmann: Hitler Youth in Reich Postal, Reichsbahn, fire, Reich radio, anti-aircraft defense crews. | In Hamburg: North Germany Plague. 100,000 dead, 11,000 French dead. 1935: Nuremburg Laws enacted. Wasson sends 4 German engineers to Berlin & thousands of punch-cards to Hamburg until the printing factory is fully set up later in the year. The IBM Fingerprint Selecting Sorter is only used by NAZI Security Forces] |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 009: KZ Ravensbrück-Uckermark Jugenverwahrlag [Children Camp] Siemens: la petite Sibérie Mecklembourgeoise ‘Once a price was agreed upon, a business would receive 500 to 1,000 women along with wardwomen equipped with dogs & clubs. Dead or dying workers were replaced with fresh ones at no additional cost to the client’
| Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania Near Furstenberg, 56 miles north of Berlin 92,000 dead. Death-march of 24,500 prisoners under Margarete Mewes [10 years] to Mecklenburg. Himmler’s brothel. RM 2. RM 0,50 for prostitute & RM 1,50 to SS-WVHW at Berlin. Greta Bösel & Vera Salvequart: [both hanged] select women to go to the gas chamber. Six women gas the people to death with Zyklon B: Luise Brunner [3 years], Anna Friederike, Mathilde Klein [acquitted], Emma Zimmer [executed], Christine Holthöwer [acquitted], Ida Schreiter [executed], Ilse Vettermann [12 years]. Dr Benno Orendi [executed], Dr Walter Sonntag [executed], Dr Adolf Winkelmann [d 1947], Nurse Elisabeth Marschall [executed], Dr Rolf Rosenthal [executed], Dr Gerhard Schiedlausk [executed], Dr Percy [suicide at trial], Dr. Martin Hellinger [10 years], Nurse Martha Haake [10 years], Nurse Liesbeth Krzok [4 years], Gerda Ganzer [12 years] participate in nerve-slicing, amputations, gangrene experiments under Dr. Karl Gebhardt Uckermark Girls concentration camp aged 16 to 21, one mile from KZ Ravensbrück. Overseers Lotta Toberentz [aquitted], Johanna Braach [aquitted], Elfriede Mohneke [10 years], Margarete Rabe [21 years], Ruth Closius Neudeck [executed] poisoned, drowned, suffocated or sent victims to the gas chambers. In January 1945 it was expanded to exterminate the sick & women over 52. Barth [Dorothea Binz, La Binz, head training overseer at Ravensbrück after 1942, trained her female students, numbering 1000, on the finer points of malicious pleasure. One survivor at the camp stated after the war that the Germans brought a group of fifty women to the camp to undergo training. The women were then separated & brought before the inmates. Each woman was then told to beat a prisoner. Of the fifty women, only three had asked for a reason & one had refused. The latter was subsequently imprisoned. Binz supervised mass shootings, killings in the gas chambers, mass deaths by starvation, neglect, severe abuse & cold. She reportedly carried a whip in hand along with a leashed German Shepherd & at a moment’s notice would kick a woman to death or select her to be killed. She also hacked people to death with an axe. Ruth Closius-Neudeck, Blockführerin: Barrack Leader famous for cutting the throats of inmates with the sharp edge of a shovel, promoted to head of the Barth camp in 1944.] Außenlager: Subcamps: Dresden-Universelle [guard Klara Kunig], Malchow [Oberaufseherin Luise Danz, now age 87, is currently being tried for the death of a young girl & sadistic crimes against humanity], Neubrandenburg [guard Ilse Goeritz] |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 010: KZ Oranienberg-Sachsenhausen / Oranienburg-Bötzow Koncentrák Dierig Chemical, Shoenman Werke Aircraft & Famo-Werke Motorcraft SS Economics Office: General Oswald Pohl SS Totenkopfverbande: Hans Stärk (10 years), Committed his crimes at age 17. From Hesse-Darmstadt. Trained in Zyklon B gassing at Sachsenhausen. Sent to work at Auschwitz in 1943. He mocked those who begged for mercy. Arrested in Köln in 1964. Tried as a juvenile at Frankfort-am-Main. (129) SS Totenkopfverbande: Artur Liebenherschel: Auschwitz / Sachsenhausen Inmate files kept at Department DII | 20 miles North of Berlin Crematoriums, 100,000 gassed, 1941: 18,000 Soviets liquidated. Gate: Arbeit Macht Frei: Work Liberates. Genetic experiments on gypsies by Professor Werner Fischer of the Koch Institute for Contagious Diseases & Dr. Karl Georg Horneck Außlager: Subcamps:Auerwerke, Glau-Trebbin, Klinkerwerk [DEST], Lieberose [Lubben, South of Berlin] |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 100: KZ HelmbrechtsChief SS Wardresses: Martha Dell’ Antonia & Helga Hegel. Herta Haase, Erna Achtenberg, Ellia Mains, Ingeborg Schimming, Ruth Hildner | Near Hof, Bavaria, Southeast Germany. Considered a sub-camp of Flossenbuerg. Twenty-seven men & twenty-seven women guards. 500 women death-marched to the camp from Gruenberg in Poland. Wardresses beat all of them to death. Liberated April 15, 1945. US air raid killed a pregnant SS woman. |
| KZ-Scörzingen-Rottweil-Zepfenhan 1933: Project Wueste: Project Wild the name of the extermination commandos | In Balingen, Bad-Württemberg State Satellite Camps in Bad-Württemberg: KDO Rottenburg-Hailfingen / Rottenberg am Neckar Tübingen [Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630), Imperial Mathemetician to Emperor Rudolph II Hapsburg studied at the University of Tübigen. He was born at the Imperial Free City of Weil der Stadt, now part of Stuttgart in the state of Baden-Württemberg. His father was a mercenary, his mother Katherine was arrested, imprisoned, & tortured for 14 months in Leonberg on charges of witchcraft] Urbes Wesserling [Neckar] KZ Vaihingen-Enz / Vaihingen-Unterriechinegn [Stuttgart] KZ Wasserfling / Wasserralfingen [Neckar] KZ Zuffenhausen-Heinkel / Zuffenhause [Stuttgart. Home of the Porsche Museum.] |
| KZ Fryslân: Friesland [N. Frisian Islands] 216th Marine-Flak-Abeitlung Lower Saxony: NW Germany February 6 - March 21, 1946: US Military Tribunals at Dachau | Borkum Island [Werner von Braun launched on December 19th, 1934 & December 20th, 1934 Max & Moritz A2-rockets. US v Kurt Goebell et al charged with unlawful execution of 7 US Air Force personnel who had survived the crash of their B-17 on the island April 8, 1944], Söl-Sylt [WWI Military Outpost: Causeway to the mainland is named Paul von Hindenburg with a railway on top], Nordstrand, Pellworm, Fering-Föhr, Amrum, Juist, Neuwerk, Heligoland, Halligen : Nordmarsch-Langeness, Norderoog, Süderoog, Nordstrandischmoor, Oland, Südfall, Gröde-Appelland, Hooge, Habel, Hamburger Hallig |
| KZ Doren / Bergen-BelsenSS Blockleader Arbeitsdienst Building: the Lion’s Den Hollerith punch-cards processed here & information sent back to the Department of Statistics at the SS Economics Office in Oranienberg under General Oswald Pohl. Joseph Kramer (executed) tortures & starves thousands, | N. Germany between the cities of Bergen & Belsen, seperated by a river.Watchtower, barbed wire, black kiln furnace. Cremated bodies carried out on a stretcher. 60,000+ medical experiments. 23,000 die of typhus after liberation on April 15, 1945. The British forced Herta Bothe to place corpses of dead prisoners into mass graves adjacent to the main camp. She later recalled in an interview some 60 years later that while carrying the corpses they were not allowed to wear gloves & she was terrified of contracting typhus. She said the dead bodies were so rotten that the arms & legs tore away from the rest of the body when they were moved. She also recalled the emaciated bodies were still heavy enough to cause her considerable back pain. Bothe was arrested & taken to a jail at Celle. At the Belsen Trial she was characterized as a ruthless overseer sentenced to ten years in prison for using a pistol on prisoners. She was released early from prison on December 22, 1951 as an act of leniency by the British government. After the war she married & her name changed to Lange. She is still alive & is 84 years old Lauerhof-Belsen: Ziegenhain: Female Prison Camp |
| KZ Papenburg | In ElmslandPapenburg I: Esterwegen-Börgermoor / Boergermor [GeStaPo Camp, 1933-1934: Friesoythe-Kloppenburg Commando] Papenburg II: Aschendorfer Papenburg [Seidestricker, Hoeveler, Dieckhans firms] Papenburg III: Brual-Rhede Papenburg IV: Dorpen-Walchum-Wesermunde-Lehe Papenburg V: Neusustrum-Linden Papenburg VI: Dorpen-Lathen Papenburg VII: Esterwegen-Hummling [GeStaPo Camp 1933] Papenburg VIII: Bad Zwischenahn-Osnabrück Lower Saxony Papenburg IX: Veersen Papenburg X: Fuelen Papenburg XI: Groß Hesepe Papenburg XII: Dalum Lower Saxony |
| Ghana [British Togoland / Gold Coast] | |
| Imperialism Soninke Hereditary king called the Ghana. Soninke people call land Wagadugu/Wagadu 1076: Invaded by Al Murabitun monks 1821: England invades for gold, timber, cocoa production 1875: Gold Coast War: English raid Gold Coast, seize Nigeria, & war with the Ashanti 1884-1919: Shutzgebiet Togo: German Togo Protectorate WWI: Togo divided between Britain & France 1922: British Togoland & Goldcoast are called TVT: Trans-Volta Togo 1957: Commonwealth Country with regional peacekeeping commitments | Kumasi [Cultural capital of the Ashanti people & seat of the Asantehene Palace. Producer of Kente cloth weaving, lost wax gold casting.], Eastern Ghana [Fon, Ewe & Yoruba: Vodún Priests. An Ewe dance is the Abadza.] |
| Galogræcia: Greece [Elláda: Sun / Galatia: Milk Giving] | |
| Katastrofi 1799: Thomas Bruce, 7th Earl of Elgin loots the Parthenon as Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire: The Elgin Marbles 1913: Second Balkan War: Macedonia divided by Greece [Southern], Bulgaria [Eastern] & Serbia [North & Central]. Thrace divided by Bulgaria [Western] & Turkey [Eastern] Waffen SS Director: Kurt Waldheim 1972: Kurt Waldheim, former member of the Waffen SS & responsible for the mass genocide of Jews, Slavs, Greeks, & Gypsys in the Balkans, is elected Secretary to the United Nations, exports UNDOF: United Nations Disengagement Observer Force forces to Syria, Israel & Egypt & becomes president of Austria in 1986. When he becomes knighted from the Vatican, the Serbs block a visit from the pope. | Athens [Site of the plague in 430 BC with 1000 tombs. The plague killed 1/3 of the populationn. WWII: The center of NAZI administration & a work camp. The administration starves the civilian population.], Arcadia, Salonika [Work camp], Thrace [80 percent of Jewish residents murdered], Thessaly, Thessaloniki [WWI 1912: First Balkan War.], Crete, Peloponnese & Macedonia [1942-1949: Greek Civil War Bulgarian SS occupy area. ELAS: Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherotikos Stratos resistance/ SNOF: Slavo-Macedonian liberation army fight against the SS.] |
| Guam [Mariana Islands] | |
| Conquistadores 1565: Renamed Marianas by Spanish Jesuits. Part of Micronesia: Small Islands, E. of the Phillipines 1898: Spanish-American War: Ceded to US Chamorros: descendants of the island’s original inhabitants, other Micronesian islanders, Filipinos. Chamorro official language. | Guam [Agana City destroyed during World War II], Mariana Trench [200 miles SW of Guam near Japan. Deep Sea Ocean Floor 36,198 feet below the surface], Pagan, Agrihan, Anatahan, Rota, Saipan [East of the Phillipine island of Luzon. League of Nations Mandate gave control to Japan from 1914-1918. Tojo resigned as Japan’s prime minister in July 1944 after the loss of Saipan, United Nations Trust Territory], Tinian [1944: US Invades] |
| Guatemala [Cuauhtêmallân: Place of Many Trees] | |
| Genocidio Nahuatl name 1520 AD: Spain’s Captaincy General of Guatemala. 1570: Audiencia de Guatemala High court of Spanish judges & administrators ruled most of Central America. 1695: José de Baños y Sotomayor, comisario of Guatemala’s Inquisition writes the Mexican Office of the Inquisition of mujersillas de mal vivir: worthless women who live evil lives Sept. 15 1821: Jose Cecilio Del Valle’s (1780-1834) Declaration of Independence, proclaiming freedom from Spain. 1822: Mexico annexes Guatemala & imprisons Valle 1823: República Federal de Centroamérica: United Provinces of Central America: El Salvador [leaves Feb 1841], Guatemala [leaves 1839], Honduras [leaves Nov 5, 1838], Nicaragua & Costa Rica. 1906: United Fruit Company-Chiquita develops banana plantations | Antigua [former capital of Central American Republic], Guatemala City, K’umarcaaj Utatlán, [Ancient capital of the Maya Quiché, burnt to the ground by Pedro de Alvarado in 1524], Tegucigalpa: Silver Hill [The Capital: Historical, religious, & scientific writing burned by the Inquisition], Tikal National Park [Mayan ruins in this tropical rainforest area of hardwood trees], Volcan Tajumulco [13,845 ft volcano], Chimel [1992: Nobel Peace Peace Prize Winner Rigoberta Menchu’s autobiography I, Rigoberta Menchu: An Indian Woman in Guatemala. Her father, Vicente, mother, & brother murdered by the Guatemalan army in 1981 after organizing agricultural workers. She fled the country. Warfare: Guatemalans fled into the mountains, to Mexico, or to the United States. 1996: Alvaro Arzu Irigoyen’s government & opposition groups sign a peace agreement] |
| Guinea: Land of the Blacks [French West Africa / French Guinea] | |
| Slavery Kingdom of Gabù part of the Mali Empire 1470: Portuguese seize 1500: Slave Revolt 1800: Coffee & cocoa plantations 1891: French Guinea 1895-1960: French West Africa: Afrique Occidentale Française: 1/7 of the continent 1898: Malinke leader Samory Toure, defeated & captured 1958: Independance | Ivory, Gold, & slaves. Conakry [Capital & largest city] |
| Guinea-Bissau: Land of the Blacks [Portuguese Guinea] | |
| Famine Part of the Ghana Empire. Soninke people then the Mali Empire: Malinké people & Fula, Spussou 1470: Portuguese seize. 1500: Slave Revolt 1800: Coffee & cocoa plantations 1972: Independance 1991: Guinea-Bissau Multiparty Elections. The only political party had been the African Party for the Independence of Guinea & Cape Verde. | October 2004: Military mutiny. One of the 20 poorest countries in the world exporting 90,000 tons of cashew nuts, peanuts, copra, rubber, hardwoods & palm oil. In January 2005 the government announced that a locust swarm was threatening the cashew crop, & that the country did not have the resources to tackle the infestation. Country #2: São Tomé & Principe [1470: Gulf of Guinea. Portugal makes these Convict Islands that cultivate sugarcane. 1975: Independance] Country #3: Cape Verde Islands [15 of them 475 miles NW of Guinea-Bissau. 1975: Independant from Portugal] |
| Guyana: Land of Waters [British Guyana] | |
| Slavery 1498: Columbus 1581: Dutch invade 1595: Sir Walter Raleigh searchs for El Dorado. 1805: British Guiana Slave Revolt: 50 involuntary slave recruits of the 2nd. West India Regiment mutiny killing two officers. 1825: British troops massacre slaves. The bullet riddled body of Quamina, bound in chains, put on public show 1838: Indians work on plantations 1953: Constitution suspended. 1966: Independence | About half of Guyana’s people are East Indians whose ancestors were brought from India to work on plantations. About 40 percent Guyana’s people are black whose ancestors were brought from Africa as slaves. The rest of the people are Amerindians: Arawak, Carrib, Warrau, Europeans, or Chinese. Sugar grinding mills, sugar plantations, cocoa, coffee, diamond, bauxite, manganese, gold mines. The University of Guyana is the only university in the country. – World Book Encyclopedia ©1998 |
| French Guyana: Land of Waters | |
| Penal Colonies 1667: France seizes 1790: Penal colonies 1852-1945: Formal prison system. 70,000+ imprisoned 1945: Prisons closed 1946: Outbreaks of malaria, typhus. 90% of people are blacks or Creoles. Rest: American Indians, Chinese, Europeans, Indochinese, Lebanese. | Devils Island [1852: Napoleon III. political prisoners], Kourou [prison camp, turned into a space research center in the 1960s], Saint-Laurent [prison camp, finally closed in 1945. prisoners sent back to France. – World Book Encyclopedia © 1998], Ile de Ré/Saint-Martin de Ré [Penal colony], 1998: Gold & diamond mining, processing of bananas, cattle, corn, pineapples, rice, sugar cane, yams, & rainforest products. The farmers do not raise enough food to feed the people, food must be imported. |
| Haiti: High Ground / Quisqueya / Bayaguana [Hispaniola] | |
| Yaya [The Plague] 1520: Bristol Company 1666: Louis XIV: Martial law is declared in Barbados, Haiti & Santo Domingo. 1915: WWI: USA President Thomas Woodrow Wilson sends troops to occupy Haiti. 1916: Dominican Republic placed under American military government. 1934: USA troops withdraw. | Invaded by Christopher Columbus on the Santa María in 1492 . Bartholomé de las Casas estimates 3+ million killed at first contact. Chief Caonabo destroys Spanish Fort Nativity in 1492. Queen Anacaona, Golden Flower, imprisoned & hung by Governor Ovando. Taíno, Good People, under cacique Guacanagari killed, raped, enslaved to work in the mines. His son Guarionex fights in the Toa Battle with Chiefs Gueybana, Urayoan & Orocobix, against the Spanish in 1511. Chief Cotubanamú killed in the Higuey Battle against Juan Ponce de Leon. |
| Holland [Netherlands: Low Countries / Batavian Republic] | |
| Iijkenweg [Corpse Road] 69-70 AD: Batavi Rising: The Bructeri of Hellweg & wise woman Veleda, the spiritual leader of the Batavi rising. She is captured by the Romans. 800AD - 962 AD: Kingdom of the East Franks 962 AD-1806 AD: Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation 1890: Princess Wilhemina of Holland a Grand Guignoler. | Limburg [runs from St Anna Chapel, De Laak, Ohé en Laak, Limburg to the Echt Church. 1632: Josine Walburgis, Countess von Löwenstein Rochefort Wertheim, princess-abbess of Thorn-Limburg] |
| Hofjes [Almshouse / Poorhouse / Workhouse] | Information greatly appreciated. |
| Teutonic Order Komturia Watson Bedrijfsmachine Maatschappell N.V: Amsterdam: J.W Schotte ASA: Allgemeines Statistisches Archive 1916: Central Statistical Bureau of Holland tracks import & export data on Hollerith machines. 1923: Amsterdam City Electricity Works becomes the first public utility in the world to use an actual punchcard as a regular customer bill. 1930: Hollerith machines sort the 1930 census. Friedrich Zahn president 1932: Amsterdam’s Zuider Zee (pronounced ZY duhr ZAY), an inlet of the North Sea, cut off by a dike. New freshwater lake: IJsselmeer (pronounced EYE suhl mehr). 1936: DeHoMag printing center set up in the Netherlands 1941: Hitler orders Decree V06/41 the Dutch census under Lentz 1944: Winter Famine 1948: Benelux: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg tariff elimination. Commissioner for the Occupied Netherlands: Artur Seyß-Inquart | Kasteel De Schaffelaar-Castle de Schaffelaar [Barneveld. Castle and transitory concentration camp where Eline Hoekstra Dresden was taken in 1939. She is now 83 and still has nightmares. (G)Een Gelukkige Tijd documentary: 700 internees], Rheden, Rotterdam [Part of the 2/5 land area once covered by sea, lakes, swamps. Drained areas called polders for farming. 1944-1945: Die Wacht am Rhein: Ardennes Offensive: Battle of the Bulge: In flames, bombed by SS Men (130). 250,000+ Nederlanders killed or starved to death by 1945], Utrecht |
| Frauenkonzentrationslager [Womens Concentration Camps] | Fryslân-Friesland [1938: Bremen. Lebensborn Home. Also housed recovering SS Men. Babies naming ritual with an SS dagger & an SS Man as godparent], Maastricht |
| KZ Amersfoort / Amersfort SS-Obersturmführer: Walter Heinrich. SS-Unterschutzhaftlagerführer Joseph Johann Kotälla Before the war, in 1938, he was diagnosed as mentally disturbed | Durchgangslager: Exit Camp in Amsterdam. 17 wooden barracks, electric barbed wire fence with an apple tree outside called the Appelweg: Apple Way. 27 September 1941: 101 Russian POWs, transfers from Camp Schoorl first internees. 22 Russians died of starvation. 2 Russians ordered killed by Doctor van Nieuwenhuysen. The skulls placed as trophies on his desk. Remainder liquidated with shots to the neck. De Stenen Man: the Stone Man: ditch digging for 63 mass graves, het lijkenhuis: mortuary, pre-mature burials, dysentery, typhus, pneumonia, lice, firing squads. Kotälla’s Rose Garden concrete posts with rolls of barbed wire. de Bunker : twenty-two death cells. 1945: Joop Swaanswijk, a radio operator & Council of Resistance: R.V.V: Raad Van Verze buried alive. 475 survivors at liberation. Records held at the ITS: International Tracing Service archives in Bad Arolsen, Germany], |
| Krijgsgevangenkamp [Work Camp] | Arnhem, Breda, Eindhoven, Arbeitseinsatz und Durchgangslager Erika: Penal & Transit camp Ommen [Referat Internationale Organisationen: Werner Scher liquidates property of organizations considered hostile to or unwanted by the Reich], Gilze-Rijen’s, Gravenhage: Hague Graves [(skrah vun HAH kuh): The count’s hedge. Germans launched V-2 rockets. Allies bombed The Hague 50 times before freeing it in 1945], Haaren par Tilburg, Hellevoetsluis [Captain Jacques Schol of the demobilized Dutch Army Reserves], Hooghalen [Koninklijke Marechaussee: Royal Constabulary under Master Sergeant Albert de Jong. Accompany columns of Jews, men, women, & children, to & from the railroad station in Hooghalen to or from camp Westerbork], Leeuwarden, Moerdijk, Prins Bernhard, Rozendaal, Sint Michielsgestel, Schoorl [SS-Untersturmführer: Johann Stöver. SS-Hauptscharführer: Karl Peter Berg. British, French & Belgium citizens from age 16 & up], Valkenburg par Leiden [Luftwaffe airfield] |
| Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 005: CC Vught-Hertogenbosch / KL Herzogen-Busch / den Bosch: The Woods Herzogen-Busch Volunteer Legion Niederlande / 34th Dutch SS ‘ landstorm Nederland’: 2600 man regiment under General De Ruyter. The general shot himself on the battle field rather than fall into enemy hands in Ozoli Hill. Untersturmführer Schluifelder, Obersturmführer Behler. Sturmann Gerardus Mooyman first West European volunteer to receive the Knight’s Cross decoration after singlehandedly destroying 14 Soviet tanks in one day in February 1943. | [Karl Chmilewski. SS Grünewald: Green forest division: Adam Gruenewald. Judendurchgangslager: Jewish Processing, Schutzhaftlage: Belgian & Dutch political prisoners, Women’s Camp] |
| DL Westerbork D.A. Syswarda, former psychiatric hospital administrator appointed Director | [Durchgangslager: Transportation Camp. 1939 103.000 Jews transported in 1942 alone. Orphan School, hair-dresser, orchestra, restaurant. Boulevard of a thousand Sighs: Transport to the extermination camps every Tuesday. Now a museum where you can see the window where Anne Frank was interred.] |
| Fryslân-Waddeneilanden [W. Frisian Islands] | Tessel [Europe’s last battlefield. Soviet Georgian POWs captured on the Eastern front rise up on April 5, 1945, Not until May 20, 1945 were Canadian troops able to pacify. Their bodies are at the community cemetary called Den Berg], Flylân [Frisian Islands in the North Sea], Skylge: Terschelling in Low German, Ameland, Wieringen [Refuge for German crown prince Wilhelm with father Kaiser Wilhelm II from 1918-1923. Returned to Germany], Skiermûntseach: Schiermonnikoog in Low German, Rottumeroog [access to island prohibited], Rottumerplaat [access to island prohibited], Simonszand, Zuiderduintjes [access to island prohibited] |
| Honduras: Spanish for Depths [Mexican Empire] | |
| Slavery Sept. 15 1821: Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, & Costa Rica declare their independence from Spain & become part of the Mexican Empire, 1823: They break away from it & form the República Federal de Centroamérica: United Provinces of Central America. October to November 1852: Federación de Centro América: El Salvador, Honduras & Nicaragua 1890: United States fruit companies clear forests & drain swamps for banana plantations | Copan [Mayan stone palaces, pyramids, temple ruins], Roads in Honduras are scarce. People travel by bus, mule, or horse. Honduran railways--operated mostly by the fruit companies--serve only the Northern Coast region. |
| Hungary: Turkish for Ten Tribes [Magyarorzag / Pannonia] | |
| Népirtás [Folk Extermination] Ferenc Szálasi: 1944: Head of state. Leader of the A Nemzet Akaratanak Partja: Arrow Cross Party & Hungarian Life League: Magyar Elet Szovetseg. Found guilty by a People’s Tribunal, executed on March 12, 1946 26th SS Division, ‘Hungaria,’ Oberführer: Zoltan von Pisky killed in action at Jarotschin. | Bacska, Banate, Budapest [Reign of Terror until liberation in February 1945. 564,500 Jewish dead. starvation, disease, death march to Austria, thousands killed by the banks of the Danube by Arrow Crossmen. Peter von der Osten-Sachen says Waffen SS sent in 1944 to break the siege. Of the 22,000 Waffen SS 19,000 died. (130)], Debrecen [1939: Munkaszogalat: forced labor battalions sent to the Ukraine. 1944: German soldiers order a Zsido Tanacs: Jewish Council, under Rabbi Pal Weisz to administer the Jewish Badge, close stores, burn books. Serly brickyards 13,084 from neighboring Balmazujvaros, Hajduboszormeny, Hajdudorog, Hajduhadhaz, Hajdunanas, Hajdusamson, Hajduszoboszlo, Teglas & Vamospercs robbed. Red Army liberates it.], Hajduszentgyorgy [1944: Two trains with 6,841 passengers sent to Strasshof, Austria. Others deported to Auschwitz], Tisza, Olt, Zenta [8,000 Hungarians murdered & their dead bodies thrown into the swamps after WWII] |
| A Magyar Nemzeti Szocialista Part [Marienberger Order Komturia] Magyar: Hungarian related to Estonian & Finnish. Esterhazy: Music Box 1920: The White Terror of Hungary tortures and murders Jews, Liberals, and Peasants. Food relief from the USA and Holland denied to the starving people. Concentration camps are built and peasants are thrown alive into the furnaces. | Eger [50 percent of Jewish citizens murdered], Gyongyos [N Hungary. 1800 dead], Leva, Nagykanizsa, Ricze Tabor, Toeroekszentmiklos [transit camp to Auschwitz], Zalaszentgrot. |
| Iceland [Lydveldid Island] | |
| WWII 1944: 97 percent of Iceland’s people voted to cut all political ties with Denmark. Iceland officially gained independence on June 17, 1944. | In World War II, German troops occupied Denmark. Unable to defend Iceland the Danes had British troops land in Iceland in 1940 to keep Germany from seizing the country. Later, United States troops replaced the British forces. Under a NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization agreement, a small United States military force is stationed at an air base near Keflavik. |
| India / Sind: Flood [Hindustan / British India / Bharat] | |
| Slavery2500 BC: Indus Valley Civilization 1400 BC: Aryan: Hindu 3rd century BC: Mauryan Empire: Emperor Asoka, a Buddhist with its doctrine of ahimsa: nonviolence adopted by Mahatma Ghandi, expands it to cover almost all of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan 50BC - 1000 AD: S India Dynasties: Andhras-Satavahanas, Cholas, Pallavas 320 AD - 520AD: N India Gupta Dynasty: 650 AD: Zoroastrians-Parsis flee Persia to India 1000 AD: Afghan Mahmud of Ghazni 1206 AD: N India: Sultan Qutb ub-din Aybak 1398: Mongol Khan Timur 1502: Vasco de Gama invades under Portuguese King Manuel I 1526: Battle of Panipat: Khan Babur establishs Mughal Empire. 1530: Porgual seizes 1600: Queen Elizabeth’s East India Company got permission from Mughal Emperor Jahangir to trade. 1628-1658 AD: Shah Jahan builds Taj Mahal. 1662: Passed to England in 1662 as part of Catherine of Braganza’s dowry to Charles II 1757: Battle of Plassey: East India Company Agent Robert Clive defeats the army of the Nawab: Mughal Governor of Bengal 1781: Opium produced in India under a British government monopoly & sold to China. 1857: Sepoy Mutiny 1905: Bengal State partitioned by Lord George Nathanial Curzon, Marquess of Kedleston Viceroy of India. Millions of Indians die in a famine, Curzon does nothing 1902-1909: Earl Horatio Herbert Kitchener of Broom: Commander in Chief organizes the Bengal, Madras & Bombay Armies 1948: British India divided in two: Hindu India & Muslim Pakistan at Punjab. 1971: Bangladesh Liberation War: Indira Gandhi opens border to allow in panic-stricken Bengalis. 2002: India: 1 billion, Pakistan: 140 million, Bangladesh: 120 million, Burma-Myanmar: 80 million, China: 1.24 billion people, + Nepal, and Sri Lanka. 1/3 of India’s people are starving because they cannot afford to buy grain & the government will not feed them Bankimchandra Chatterjee, Confession of a Young Bengal University of Calcutta: 1872: “.English civilization has pulled down the three hundred and thirty million deities of Hinduism, and set up, in the total space once occupied by them, its own tutelary deities, Comfort and his brother, Respectability.” | North: Jammu & Kashmir / Cashmere [N Province inhabited chiefly by Muslims. 1947: Pakistanis invade. Maharaja: Kashmir part of India. 1949: UN splits province & abolishes monarchy. 1957: Kashmir part of India. 1959: China seizes parts of Ladakh. 1965-1972: Civil War. 1989: Protests 1998: Bus, train connections to Pakistan minimal. RSS: Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh: National Volunteers Association’s (est 1925) Nathuram Godse assasinated Ghandi. Rumors say some RSS members wish to cleanse India of Muslims & believe that India will one day retake Pakistan], Himachal Pradesh: Province In the Lap of Snow [1966: Himalayas. Pahari Hindi. Dharamsala home of the Dalai Lama. There are more than 150,000 Tibetans who live in India. They carry an Identity Card issued by the Indian government in lieu of a passport. This document states the nationality of the holder as Tibetan. It is a document that is frequently rejected as a valid travel document by many customs & immigrations departments], Punjab: Five Rivers [1490: Sikhism founded in India by Guru Nanak. Sikhs do not believe in caste. As a mark of equality, many Sikh men use the same last name, Singh, which means lion. 1800: Sikh Kingdom under Ranjit Singh. 1849: England. 1920: Amritsar Massacre (pron. uhm RIHT suhr): Amritsar City: Tank of Immortal Nectar, Holy city of Sikhism with the Golden Temple. 1947: Partioned into India [E. Punjab] & Pakistan [W. Punjab: Muslim]. Thousands die. 1966: Three states made: Punjab: Punjabi language, Haryana: Hindi, Himachal Pradesh. 1980s: Sikhs seek independent state of Khalistan. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi assasinated by Sikh bodyguards], Chandigarh: Hindu Goddess Chandi [1966: City],Haryana [1966: Mahabharata Hindu Epic], Delhi [1912: Capital of British India], Uttar Pradesh: Northern Provinces [Varanas-Benares: Devout Hindu city: Ganges River. Agra: Taj Mahal built by Shah Jahan. 1837: Lack of transportation prevents grain shipment. Famine kills 800,000+. 1857: Sepoy Mutiny: Indian revolt against England], Rajasthan: Land of the Kings [Landowners the Rajput. Home of the Rom-Roma-Romi-Romany Gypsies, Zigeuners: Untouchables. They left India, made their way to North-west China; following the Silk Road into ancient Persia. Gandhi called untouchables harijanz; people of God & the Indian constitution, written after Ghandi’s death, declared untouchability illegal] East: Aruachal Pradesh [Not open to visitors], Nagaland: Snake [Mahogany & woods. Angamis, Aos, Chakhesang, Chang, Konyaks, Kukis, Lothas, Phom, Pochuri, & Semas], Manipur [Government against the Naxalites], Mizoram [Mizo Language. Coffee, Rubber, Tea plantations], Assam [Brahmaputra Valley: Assam Tea. United Liberation Forces of Assam. 1971: Refugee camps along the border of Bangladesh],Meghalaya: Abode of the Clouds [1835: English incorporate area into Assam. Khasis, Jaintias, Garos/ 1971: Refugee camps along the border of Bangladesh], Tripura / Hill Tippera[1300: Manyika Mongol Dynasty. 1971: Refugee camps along the border of Bangladesh], Sikkim [1640: Penchu Namgyal crowned chogyal: king & controlled lands that are now part of Bhutan, China, India, & Nepal. 1861: England seizes. Protectorate. Darjeeling], West Bengal[1905: Bengal partitioned by Lord George Nathanial Curzon, Marquess of Kedelston, British viceroy of India, into East Bengal: Bangladesh, Assam, West Bengal, Bihar & Orissa. Kalikata-Calcutta purchased by British East India Company in 1698. One of the largest cities in the world on the Hooghly River 125 km north of the Bay of Bengal. Capital of British India from 1773-1911. 1971: Refugee camps along the border of Banglades. Calico = Calicut, Chintz = Hindi name for a printed calico, khaki = dusty], Bihar [Ho, Kharia, Munda, Oraons. 1971: Refugee camps along the border of Bangladesh: Bangladeshi army officers and Indian military started using these camps for recruitment and training members of Mukti Bahini], Orissa [300BC: Kalinga Kingdom: Trade with Java, Sumatra, Borneo, & Bali. Mauryan Empire, 100 B.C: Kalinga King Kharavela: Jain. 600-1076 A.D: Kesaris: Bhubaneswar Temples, 1076-1435: Gangas: Hindu Jagannath Temple at Puri], Madhya Pradesh: Middle Province [Sanchi, Ellora, Amaravati: 1880: Buddhist relics excavated & carted off to the British Museum], Malwa [The Princely States: English Government monopoly produces opium for sale to China] Maharashtra[Marathi Language. Bombay-Bom Bahia: Portuguese Beautiful Bay / Mumbai: Headquarters of the British East India Company 1672-1858. Two-thirds of India’s 1 billion people live here. Nuclear power plant, Hindi film, Black Cotton Soils textile industry, silk, chemicals, glassware, printing, railway, Victoria Terminus, Taj Mahal Hotel, Rajabai Clock Tower, High Court. Salsette Island industrial districts, suburbs & slums] West: Gujarat[700-900 AD: Gujara Empire]. Daman & Diu [Portuguese Territory],Dadra & Nagar Haveli [Portuguese Territory], South: Andhra Pradesh [1953: Established for Telugu speakers. Capital Hyderabad], Goa [1967: Indian troops defeat Portugal], Karnataka [Sandlewood forests. Capital: Bangalore],Kerala, Tamil Nadu [SE. India. Cardamom Hills. Tamil Language. Chennai-Madras the capital. 300BC-1600AD: Hindu], Vedapuri-Pondicherry [French territory until 1954 containing following districts: Yanam, Mahe, Kariakal] |
| Indonesia [Netherlands East Indies] [Java, Sumatra, Bali, Borneo, Thousand Islands, Irian Jaya: Papua New Guinea] | |
| Cultuurstelsel [Cultivation System] Krakatoa 1521: Portuguese Lieutenant Juan Sebastian del Cano’s Victoria 1613: Invaded by the Dutch East India Company. Large plantations & forced cultivation established on Java, creates profit for the Netherlands. 1901: Dutch Ethical Policy includes limited political reform, increased investment in the colony. 1942: Battle of the Java Sea: Japan seizes the petroleum rich area | Other Islands: pulau: Sunda, Timor, Sulawesi, Bangka, Belitung, Madura, Mentawai, Siberut, Natuna, Nias, Pasumpahan, Simeulue, Talaud, Riau, Batam, Bintan, Karimun, Adonara, Alor, Buaya, Kepa, Pantar, Pura, Tereweng, Flores, Komodo, Lombok, Palu’e, Rote, Solor, Sumba, Sumbawa, Moluccas, Ambon, Aru, Bacan, Kepulauan Banda, Barat Daya, Damar, Romang, Wetar, Buru, Halmahera, Morotai, Ternate, Tidore, Haruku, Kai, Leti, Machian, Saparua, Seram, Kepulauan Tanimbar, Larat, Selaru, Wuliaru, Yamdena |
| Iran: Noble [Farsistan / Persia] | |
| Gelkujî [Mass Graves] 3000 BC: Elamite 15th cen BC: Mitanni State 1000 BC-550 BC: Media 550 BC-341 BC: Persia (Cyrus the Great) 341 BC: Rome 155 BC- 225 AD: Parthian Empire 224 AD - 641AD: Sassanian Empire 641-661 AD: Caliphs Uthman (assasinated) & Ali (assasinated) 661 AD - 750 AD: Umayyad Caliphate 750AD-1031 AD: Abbasid Caliphate 1050 AD: Seljuk Turk 1220 AD: Mongol 1501-1747 AD: Savafid Caliphate: Shah Ismail I: NW Iran Sufi vs Ottomans 1750-1779 AD: Karim Khan Kurdish 1794-1921 AD: Qajar Turkoman 1900: Anglo-Persian Oil Company 1930: Persia re-named Iran. 1951: Majlis demand end to English control of the oil industry. English boycott Iranian oil. 1960: White Revolution: Suspension of civil rights. SAVAK is Secret Police. 1979: Ayatollah Khomeni 2007: President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. Robin Wright of the Washington Post: Students who set pictures of the president on fire last year have been jailed in Evin prison. | (pron ih-RAHN) Baku [WWI: Persian Gulf. Oilfields occupied by Russia], Hamadan [A.k.a Ecbatana the capital of Media. Cyaxares reigned from 625 to 585 B.C & built an empire that included parts of what are now Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, & Turkey], Khuzistan [WWI battleground], Trans-Iranian Railway [1941: transport war supplies], Seersucker: Persian for milk & sugar; taffeta: Persian for spun, damask: Damascus. World Book Encyclopedia claims only 1/4 of the land farmable because of a severe water shortage. Food must be imported. Crops include: wheat, barley, corn, cotton, dates, lentils, nuts, spices, rice, sugar beets, tea, tobacco. Caspian Sea provides caviar, carp, catfish, whitefish, white salmon. Persian Gulf: sardines, shrimp, sole, tuna. Iranian Revolution: The devastating war with Iraq in the 1980s, in which each side lost between a half-million & a million young men. |
| Iraq [Basra / British Mandate of Iraq / Kurdistan] | |
| Gelkujî [Mass Graves] 3000 BC-2200 BC: Elamites 2200 BC-700 BC: Babylonia 700BC-626BC: Assyria 626 BC- 562BC: New Babylonia 550 BC-341 BC: Persia 341 BC: Rome 155 BC- 225 AD: Parthian Empire 224 AD - 641AD: Sassanian Empire 634-661 AD: Caliphs Uthman & Ali 661-750 AD: Umayyad Caliphate 750-1031 AD: Abbasid Caliphate’s capital at Baghdad: Place of Solar Rays 1258 AD: Mongols 1880-1920: Kuwait included in a province of the Ottoman Empire called Basra. Basra later becomes part of Iraq 1920: Battle of Megiddo: England seizes Palestine, Baghdad, & Egypt. 1932: Independence. 1958: King Faisal II (assasinated) 1976: Pink Panther: Pink of Arabee a.k.a Pink of Bagdad 1980: Iran-Iraq War 1990: Persian Gulf War 1996: Oil For Food 2001: Gulf War: Armor Holdings Inc supplies equipment to the Marine Corps & Army. DHB Industries bullet-proof vests 2003: Saddam’s sons executed (127) 2006: Rizkar Mohammed Amin resigns as chief judge over the tribunal of Saddam Hussein. Hussein is executed by hanging December 30. The hanging is broadcast around the world but not in the USA. (126) 2007: Hamad Sarha, 30-year veteran of the Iraqi national news agency shot to death by unidentified gunman.l Their fellow Kurds in Turkey have been trying to secede from that country and join an independent Kurdistan, but their leader, Abdullah Ocalan, is in solitary confinement in a Turkish prison, where he is serving a life sentence commuted from the death penalty (91) | (pron. ih-RAHK) Texas oil executive David Chalmers, the sole shareholder of Bayoil USA in Houston, pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit wire fraud in a scheme to cheat the United Nations oil-for-food program out of millions. Prosecuters will recommend a 37 to 46 month term when he is sentenced Nov 19. Chalmers, 53, also agreed to pay more than $9 million in restitution. - Guilty plea in oil-for-food scheme, Associated Press ©2007 Abu Graib Prison [Lynndie England wins dirtbag of the week for Iraqi prisoner abuse on Saturday Night Live], Camp Cropper Detention Facility [2007: Inmate dead of renal failure according to the Los Angeles Times], Al Basra Port [656 AD: Aisha. 1988: Damaged during Iran-Iraq War. 2006: Gunmen kill a cleric & his son leaving friday prayer services], Al Kufa [S. Iraq], Arbil [Kurdish town bombed in 1987], Babylon [Babil, Iraq: Nebuchadnezzar II’s legendary Hanging Gardens & Ziggurat Tower of Babel], Baquouba [bombs], Baghdad Airport [2005: US Army’s 717 Explosive Ordnance Disposal Company bomb chasers. Death X is the intersection of two highways home to IED: Improvised Explosive Devices: home-made rather than mass-produced bombs. i.e: artillery shells wired to radios & cordless telephones, dynamite attached to washing machine timers, remote-controlled toys, infa-red car door openers attached to molotov cocktails. Radio frequency jammers for defusement. 20 man company the 717th replaced saw two soldiers killed & four wounded in six months. Rumor of a $50,000 price per Army man. The IED garden is a morbidly whimsical collection of things that have tried to kill them. EFP: Explosively Formed Projectiles detonate & melt into a fragment that slices through armor & flesh. Analysts estimate that improvised bombs have caused more than half of the roughly 16,000 American casualties & thousands more among Iraqui civilians since the war began. (135) WII shell-shock: Mental health problems coming from people nearby detonated bombs], Shula District [2007: Muqutada al-Sadir’s Al Mahdi Army accused by US Military Officials of directing death squads according to LA Times. US Troops invade pre-dawn & kill 18 after a patrol attack], Central Baghdad Morgue [Saturated daily bombings in the city. US soldiers shooting civilians, looting, robbery, rape. Bernard Kerik, NY police commissioner, Commander of the police force according to AP Niko Price], Duluiyah [AP May 13th, 2006: Tarke El-Tablawy: roadside bomb strikes Iraqi army convoy], Fallulah [Ban on coverage of war dead upheld by Pauline Jelinek: Associated Press, Washington. June 22, 2004: The Senate refused on Monday to change a Pentagon policy banning media coverage of America’s war dead as their remains arrive in flag-draped caskets. ...Banning press & public access to the arrival of caskets in Dover was started in the 1991 Persian Gulf War], Kirkush [Kurdish town. 1987: Kurds destroyed by poison gas. 4th infantry division. AP press places US death toll at 257], Samarra [Combat], Tarmiya [2007: Multinational forces kill 7], Mosul [1920: Bombed by the British Royal Air Force. 1991: ’Coalition bombing severely damaged Iraq’s transportation systems, communication systems, petroleum & other industries. Coalition attacks also wiped out much of Iraq’s ability to provide electric power & clean water. As a result, many civilians died after the war from disease or a lack of medicine or food. After the war, Saddam Hussein continued to rule Iraq. But revolts broke out among Kurds in northern Iraq &, in southern Iraq, among Arabs of the Shiah sect of the Muslim religion. ...Iraq’s army swiftly put down most of the rebellions. Hundreds of thousands of Shiite Arabs then fled to Iran. Thousands of others hid in the marshlands of southern Iraq. More than a million Kurds fled to the mountains of northern Iraq & to Turkey & Iran. Tens of thousands of Kurds & Shiites were killed in the revolts or died later of disease, exposure, or hunger ’ – David A Deese PhD, Boston College, World Book Encyclopedia © 1998. 2005: C company. Muslin fabric comes from Mosul] |
| Ireland: Snowdrop Land [Eire: Snowdrop Land] | |
| Sleabaght [Slave Ships] Martin & Sons: Perseverance Patrick Lynch: Love of My Heart Francis Cherry Sikes: Triumph | Eire (pron. AYR'EH) Blue-coat-hospital [1670: Installed by Charles II with the Arch-bishop of Dublin. Child slavery. Lord Lansdowne, British magistrate Francis Spaight, Sir John Benn-Walsh, Lady Carbery], , Gort Union Workhouse [1840-1921: Co. Galway. In May 1849, the goods & chattels of the workhouse were sold by order of the High Sheriff of Galway, to help pay off debts accumulated by the union during the famine] |
| Cillin: Killeen [Little Crosses] Child Mass Graves | Ardnamona [Board of Education evicted & starved people], Castle Fleming [17 yd plot has head-stones, marking the graves of unbaptized children], Galway Workhouse [1839-1921: 1000+ inmates. Newcastle Rd behind University College. Killeen: infant’s graveyard on site], Ballykilcline [Co. Galway. Population of 8000 evicted & starved. mass graves], Kilchreest [Co. Galway. Slieve Echtge/Abhainn Da Loilgheach: ruins of entire villages], Turoe [Co. Galway. Clery ’s Hill: human bones on edge of upper western rim. Fields of Athenry], Fearta [ancient cemetery. mounds desecrated by victorians], Feenagh: Wood Place, Co. Cork [Cluain Coirbthe: Meadow of the violation, Cluain Páistín: Meadow of the little children], St Joseph’s Industrial School [Tralee: Christian Brothers] |
| Thie Obbyr [Place of Death: Work House] Ruillick ny Moght [Mass Graves] Claremorris Bacon Company / Imperial Tobacco / Royal Canal / Tara Mines / Courtown Brick & Tile Works In 1878 the Public Health Act established the Guardians as a Rural Sanitary Authority adding further duties in relation to sanitation & public health to their workload. – Waterford County Council Magdalen Asylums: Magh: fertile plain + Len: veiled covering Within the communal organizations of towns, local charitable institutions such as almshouses were established by confraternities or guilds, or by successful individual laymen concerned with the welfare of their souls, but often only local historians are aware of them. ...Children who misbehaved were told to mend their ways or they’d be sent to the laundries with the sisters. In receiving patients no discrimination is made in regard to religion, colour, or nationality. After their convalescence, those who desire to remain in the home are placed under a special sister & are known as Daughters of St. Margaret. They follow a certain rule of life but contract no religious obligations. Should they desire to remain in the convent, after a period of probation, they are allowed to become Magdalens & eventually take the vows of the Magdalen order. – Catholic Encyclopedia: Congregation of the Sisters of Misericordiae A sullen temper, often shown by refusing food, is best dealt with by silence. When a girl wakes up to the fact that no one takes any notice, nor is troubled by her self-starvation, she gets weary of her self-imposed martyrdom & learns sense. – Arthur J. S. Maddison, Hints on Rescue Work, A Handbook for Missionaries & Superintendants of Homes ©1898 People in the News: Bono becomes a knight in less-than-somber manner: Associated Press, March 31st 2007 | Province Connacht [Clear Water]: Co. Galway: Ballinasloe Workhouse [1841: Fever hospital now a supermarket], Cairgean Castle [Carigeen/Cairgean hosts the Gairdín an Ghorta: Garden of Hunger Memorial], Clifton Workhouse-Clifden-An Clochán [1840-1905: On Galway Rd], Doolough [population of 200 starved], Galway Magdalene Laundries [2], Glenmaddy-Glenamadda Workhouse, Mortuary & Burial Ground [1853: Run by the Bon Secours Sisters], Letterfrack: St. Joseph’s Industrial school [Christian Brothers], Mountbellew Union Workhouse [1840], Oughterard Union Workhouse [1848: 600+ inmates, mostly children. Covering Cong], Portumna Union Workhouse [1840: Now County Council], Loughrea Union Workhouse [1840: Run by the Sisters of Mercy], Tuam Workhouse [1841] County Leitrim: Carrick-On-Shannon Workhouse [1840-1939: Quaker James Tuke reports in 1846: no sanitation, naked inmates sleeping on straw, starvation, typhus, dysentery deaths at the rate of 12 a week, graveyard. Famine pots from the soup kitchens on display], Manorhamilton Union Workhouse [1600: Town established. 1840-1954: 500+ plan], Mohill [1840 at the Railway Station 1/4 population dead or emigrated] Co Mayo: Maigh-Eo [Silver Plain]: Ballycastle [], Ballinrobe Union Workhouse [Mayo Constitution 23rd March 1847: this building is one horrible charnel house. Master, Matron, Clerk, Physician, Roman Catholic Workhouse Chaplain dead from fever/ new rate cannot be collected. The last line: the unfortunate inmates, if they escape the awful epidemic, will survive only to be the subjects of a lingering death by starvation! Mass unmarked graves beyond boundary wall to southwest], Ballina Workhouse [1847: 1400+ died that year, including the medical officer. Leigue Cemetery: Killala Rd. Coffins visible above ground By Lough Sheelin Side], Balmullet-Belmullet Union Workhouse [1850], Kilcolman-Claremorris-Clanmorris Workhouse [1852-1918 : Mass graves, killeen: child graves on Mount Street. Site of Claremorris Bacon company from 1933-1989. John Bingham (1762-1821), 1st Baron Clanmorris married the daughter of 1st Viscount Avenmore Barry Yelverton], Erris [People living in bogs], Castlebar [people in rags because they pawned clothes for food money. food denied. dead dumped into fever sheds]. Louisburgh [march 1847: starving told to meet the Board of Guardians at Delphi Lodge, ten miles away, who were at lunch & not to be disturbed. assistance refused, dead pushed in snow on the trip back], Newport [dead pushed into sheds], Swinford Workhouse [proprietor Joseph Bourke dumped bodies into open grave], Westport [Lord Lucan & Sir Roger Palmer starve people to death. 1842: Workhouse built. Guardians attempt to collect the poor rate for two years with the help of police & troops. Eventually, in 1844, a warship & two cruisers sailed into Clew Bay to assist — without success] County Sligo [Shells]: Sligo Union Workhouse [1842 The Sligo Champion, reported a female inmate pregnant by the son of the chairman of the Board of Guardians in the 1870s. The child was baptized Emma Hale. The Matron of the Workhouse is the niece of this dignitary, & Mahon, the medical officer, is his son-in-law], Sligo Town [1200s: Earl of Kildare, Maurice Fitzgerald, built a castle & monastery in the 1200s. Great Famine of the 1840s: County lost 1/3 of the population through death & emigration], Tobercurry-Tubbercurry Union Workhouse [1853], Dromore West Union Workhouse [1850. Laundry block, hospital block, mortuary, workhouse cemetary. 1920: Union rate collectors ambushed by the IRA to help finance its War of Independence. 1923: workhouse burnt out by local anti-treaty IRA to prevent use by the Black & Tans. Remaining inmates transported on carts to St John’s & the Nazareth House in Sligo] Co. Roscommon: Boyle Union Workhouse [Connnacht Province heading toward Northern Ireland. Railway station. Mass Gravestone erected by Board of Guardians in 1910], Castlerea Union Workhouse [1839-1920: 1,080 naked inmates in 1847 sleeping on dirt. Children’s room full of people prematurely old from the effects of hunger, cold, rags, dirt. Schoolroom without books, slates or any apparatus], Strokestown Famine Museum [1690-1979: Pakingham-Mahon Family residence. Archdeacon’s site down. In 1847, Major Denis Mahon, landlord of the 17,000-acre estate, assassinated following his attempt to clear 8,000 persons from his lands through eviction & assisted emigration to Canada. 1,000 people placed on ships & almost half of them die on the voyage due to starvation & unsanitary conditions In 1852 a Union Workhouse for the incarceration of 1,184 people built under the command of John Ross Mahon. Operational through 1920. The 1901 census counted a population of 15,000 people in the parish], Rathcroghan [Near Tulsk, ancient seat of the kings of Connacht.] Province Leinster [Raven]: County Westmeath / Morgallion / Teffia: Athlone Workhouse [1100: Hugh de Lacy. 1839-1915: 700 people recorded in 1846. 200 boys, 100 girls. St Vincent’s Fever Hospital to the north run by the Sisters of Mercy], Castlepollard [Closest cemetery is Killafree. Fore a Celtic burial ground.], Castletowndelvin-Delvin [1850], Mullingar Workhouse [1840-1936: 900+ per year. Daily Diet Book recorded in 1878. Fever shed & infirmary by Loch Derravaragh: Children of Lir. Industries: Imperial Tobacco, Royal Canal & Midland Great Western Railway] County Meath [Honey]: Navan Workhouse [Railway, Boyne Valley’s Tara Mines. Hill of Tara nearby], Dunshaughlin Workhouse [1840. British Army Barracks. WWI Belgian POWs buried in unmarked graves], Newgrange-Knowth-Dowth, Meath-Hospital [Earl of Meath. human dissection], Charitable Venereal-hospital Oxmantown [1758], Oldcastle Workhouse [Railway to Navan. WWI POW internment], Kells Workhouse [1840], Trim Workhouse [1170: Hugh DeLacy’s castle. 1839: Workhouse] Co Louth / An Lu [Raven]: : Ardee-Atherdee [Across from the River Dee], Drogheda Workhouse [Maghdalen Tower. Boyne Viaduct flowing into Ulster: Northern Ireland], Dundalk Union Workhouse-St Joseph’s Orphanage [1842-1983: The partition between Northern Ireland & the Republic of Ireland. Railway links it to Belfast & Dublin. Infants, children beaten by the Sisters of Mercy, no heating], Mt Bellew [1688: Baron Patrick Bellew] County Longford / Tethbae [Sea]: Ballymahon [Belfast 15km north], Granard Union Workhouse [1840-1922: Run by the Sisters of Mercy. Workhouse Medical Officer, Dr Kenny, did not get on well with the nuns & in 1903 made a complaint of neglect against them, but they were cleared in an official inquiry by the Local Government Board], Longford-Mount Carmel Hospital [1839: 16,000+ deaths in the first ten years of the workhouse’s operation. Mass graves on land adjoining the workhouse at the south. Graveyard bully’s acre for still-born infants. 1848: 2,300+ with fever hospital. Irish poet Padraic Colum born 1881 at Longford workhouse, where his father was workhouse Master until 1888] Co. Laois / Laoighis / Leix / Leixip [Raven] / Queen’s County : Abbeyleix Workhouse [pron LEESH. Viscount DeVesci. Near the Abbeyleix Mansion], Clogbeen Workhouse [Cloghbeen Forest], Donaghmore [1853: Designed for 600+ inmates. Girls dormatory. Burial ground behind workhouse marked Unacleggan. Now a museum], Mt. Mellick Union Workhouse [1842-1986: 800+ inmate plan, laundry block, fever ward run by the Daughters of Charity], Mt. Rath Workhouse [1831: Saint Vincent’s Daughters of Charity] Co Offaly [Wolf] / King’s County Edenderry Union Workhouse [1839-20th Century: Fever Hospital, Burial Ground, Mortuary, Convent], Parsonstown-Birr-Biora Workhouse [1620: Sir Lawrence Parson. Current Earl of Rosse: Brendan Parson], Tullamore Union Workhouse [1839: Fever Hospital & Mortuary on Kilbeggan Rd] County Kildare [Church of the Oak]: Athy Union Workhouse-St. Vincent’s Geriatric Hospital [1841: 1 hr south of Dublin. Dublin-Waterford Rail Line], Celbridge Union Workhouse [1840: Run by the French Sisters of Charity. Infirmary, Chapel, Mortuary], Naas [Kings of Leinster headquarters. Workhouse: WWII POW Internment Camp] Co Wicklow: Wicklow [Viking settlement. E boundary Irish Sea. 1/5 county population lost through death & emigration (235)], Wicklow Mts [Made of Granite. E. slopes drain to River Avoca. West drains to Liffey: Aine Cliach: Water from Heaven’s Harp & Slaney: Health Rivers. Military Road built to battle rebels. Lugnaquilla the highest mountain: Lugh na Tigh: Lugh’s House for devotees of the god Lugh. Translated into English as Lunatic. Or as I would like to say in homage to the rock band Lords of the New Church: There’s a Method to the Madness], St. Kevin’s Monastery, Glendalough: Valley of the Two Lakes [E. Wicklow Mts. Benedictine Monastery part of the Dublin Ghost Bus Tour that highlights bodysnatching.], Baltinglas Union Workhouse [1840], Rathdrum Union Workhouse [1840: Run by Earl Fitzwilliam], Shillelagh [1840: Cemetary] Co Kilkenny / Ossory / Osraigh [Deer]: Carrick-On-Suir [20% inmates killed in 10 years], Castlecomar [32% inmates killed in 10 years], New Ross [inmates given potatoes & milk], Kilkenny Workhouse [over a hundred year old killing machine. aristocracy deny food], Thomastown [27% inmates killed in 10 years], Urlingford [33% inmates killed in 10 years], Callen [July, 1847, 3 million people provided for in soup kitchens], Kilkenny St Patrick’s Industrial School [County of The Three Sisters Rivers Barrow: Boiling, Nore, Suir: Sweet flowing to Waterford Harbor]. Co Carlow / Ceatharlach: Carlow Workhouse [Leinster province: between Dublin & Galway. Home of a fortified fence called the Pale Templepeter Church & Cemetery from 1700s to present 8 miles out of town on Wexford Rd] Co Wexford-Waesfjord : Enniscorthy Union Workhouse & Wexford County Lunatic Asylum [1841: 200-ft-long stone pier, 500-ft-long approach road & retaining wall built at Slade in 1847-1848], Gorey [1847: Earl of Courtown’s government loan of £7,900 for brick-making kilns & slated drying sheds on his estate. This factory survived as the Courtown Brick & Tile Works until its closure in 1972], New Ross Workhouse & Fever Hospital [1831-1847: Slip-bottom coffin], Wexford Workhouse [Sir Robert Gore Booth £15,000 in removing 1340 tenants. Forced labor at Lord Courtown’s Courtown Brick & Tile Works], Wexford Harbor [1649: Plundered by Cromwell. County: W. boundary with Carlow lies along Blackstairs Mountains. Upland area extends from Wicklow into N. of county], *Balcother, * Killaduset |
| Corporation of Cork / Cork, Bandon & Macroom Railway Co. / Benduff & Froe Slate Co. / Roche, Messrs. George, Walsh, Thomas & Coates, A / Powder Mills Co. / Irish Land Co / Messrs. Beamish & Crawford / Bank of Ireland Province Munster, Co Cork [Red Oats] Cobh Corcaigh (pron. Cove Cork). cove means harbor in Gaelic-Breton-Cornish-Welsh & cork: red oats. | Ballyvourney [Sir George Colthurst’s estate updated 1846-1849 with forced labor], Bantry Workhouse [Lord Bantry starved them to death with one meal per day Feb 1847 & by May were fed nothing hundreds buried in pits in Ardnavraher Abbey. corpse loads strictly adhered to, with some being buried alive], Bandon Workhouse [Rt. Rev. Dr. Delany & Nuns of Bandon Convent], Castletown Berehaven-Castletownbere Workhouse [1848: At foot of the Ceachah: Caha Mountains Slieve na Ghoile: Hill of the Mist, Cnoc Baoi, Maulin, Knockowen, Com na Daibhche: Coomadiha. Mass grave at Cnoc Daod: Hungry Hill, the highest of the Caha Mountains at Beara Penninsula, Bantry Bay. Visitors will die of starvation if they step on the gorta mór: hungry grass], Clonakilty Workhouse, Cork Workhouse [1735: Slip bottom coffin; a re-usable box to transport the dead to the graveyard where the body was dropped into the grave by sliding open the coffin’s base], Good Shepherd Convent-University College Cork [ -1994: Magdalene washhouse & mass grave called Sunday’s Well. Mary Norris & Josephine McCarthy locked for 3 years behind 20-foot high brick walls topped with shards of broken glass. 24 hour a day watch: church did not tell their families where they were. Norris released when a Boston aunt began inquiries. McCarthy rescued by a brother in London. – CBS News: The Magdalene Laundry 2003], Dunmanway Workhouse-Saint Andrew’s Hospital [1840-1902: 400+ inmates. Starved to death on brown bread, gruel. Bodies left to rot], Fermoy Workhouse [British Army Barracks], Kanturk: Ceann Toirc: Boar’s Head [1839: Workhouse on Peacock Lane], Kinsale Union Workhouse [1840: Mortuary, Burial Ground. Desmond Castle & Jail accomodates further inmates], Mallow: Magh Ealla: Plain of the Swans [1839: Between Cork & Limerick. Burial Ground. Great Southern & Western line from Dublin to Cork built through almost the entire length of Mallow union during the famine], Macroom Union Workhouse [1841: Burial well, mortuary hospital], Mahoonagh Castle [1862: Lords Fitzgibbon, Fitzgerald, Fitzelle & Fitzmaurice. Queen Elizabeth massacred the Irish & dumped their bodies in the castle. Now Castle Mahon Foods/O’Kane Poultry], Monkstown [1837: Lords Longford & De Vesci establish an Indigent Room Keeper’s Society], Midletown [Between Cork City & Waterford. Lord Midleton’s woolen mills turned into a distillery by Messrs. Murphy & Co. Lord Midleton finances 800+ inmate plan, fever hospital, crematorium. 1841: Parish census 6,636: 4,591 living in the town. Messrs. Coppinger Brothers: Mr. Allen’s flour mills, site of the Royal Agricultural Society, export 3,000 lbs of flour annually. Ballinacurra is the shipping port for the town], Mitchelstown Union Workhouse [1851-1922: Clogheen Rd], Schull [1847: Shallow burials without coffins.Dead corpses dumped on the road & in evicted houses. starving fed to the dogs], Queenstown Workhouse [Formerly Kingstown. It is the Cobh of Cork. Famine Ship port], Skibberdeen Union Workhouse [1842-1851: 3,909+ killed. local cattle & poultry infected], Eochaille-Youghal: Yew Salmon [pron. yawl. Diocese of Cloyne, Avondhu: Blackwater River, Dingle Penninsula, Co. Cork. 1585: Mayor Sir Walter Raleigh resides in Myrtle Grove, Warden’s Residence of the Collegiate Church. First potatoes in Europe are planted in the gardens of Myrtle Grove. Myrtle Grove’s South Gable is where Edmund Spencer is reputed to have written The Faerie Queen. 1663: Cromwell’s Arch. 1839: Youghal Union Workhouse: Slip bottom coffin disposes bodies. Anglican Church famine burials are pauper graves in the wall behind the church. Sir Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork, shown with first wife & second wife, Katherine Fenton. Sir Edward Villiers, Lord President of Munster & half brother Duke of Buckingham] |
| Bóthairín na déirce [Famine roads] (pron: baw-thur-een naw airy) Waterford Corporation / Waterford & Limerick Railway ![[Limerick Union Workhouse]](../tartanillus/limerick.GIF) Limerick Union Workhouse©2000 Peter Higginbotham | Province Leinster: Co. Limerick / Luimneach [Bare Marsh]: Croom-Cromadh-St Nessan’s Mid-Western General Orthopaedic Hospital [1850-194: First Workhouse Master Carroll], Glin Union Workhouse [1850: Industrial school closed 1960s], Limerick Union Workhouse [1774- 1839: Holds 1,600. Infirmary, sick-rooms, idiot wards, death sheds added 1846. first workhouse to hire the Sisters of Mercy as matrons. Operational through 1925. Mass grave of 3,571 incinerated by British Home Office in 1975], Limerick Prison [561: Luimneach meaning a bare marsh. 812 AD: walled city established by Thormodr Helgason on Ptolomy’s Regia: King’s Island: Inis Sibhtonn (island in the River Shannon). 1651: Famine, plague, Cromwell. 1919: Special Military Area under the Defence of the Realm Act. 1921: Limerick’s Mayor, George Clancy &wife & previous Mayor Michael O’Callaghan shot to death by three Black & Tans. These assassinations the Curfew Murders], Knockalisheen Refugee Camp [WWII: England’s Emergency Powers Act. 30,000+ defense forces. 1956: 500+ Hungarian refugees], St. Joseph’s Convent Good Shepherd Laundry, Psychiatric Hospital & Orphanage [1826-1997: Clare St, Limerick. Mt Saint Lawrence cemetary memorial to the dead. Now Limerick College of Art], Mt St Vincent Convent [-1962. O’Connell Avenue, Limerick. Punishment beatings], Newcastle Union Workhouse [1839: Run by the Sisters of Mercy. Watchtowers. Now St Ita’s Hospital], Rathkeale Union Workhouse [1839] Co Waterford-Vaterfjord / Maigh Adana [Water from Heaven]: Dungarvan Workhouse [2/3 of the population starved to death by Duke of Devonshire, Major Gordon of the 47th Regiment, Lord Waterford, Andrew Carbery, Treasurer of the Dungarvan Relief Commitee & Parish Priest of 1845, Sir Nugent Humble, John Kiely of Strancally, Robert Longan, Sir William Stanley & Richard Lalor Shiel. Their bodies are eaten by dogs. it is called extermination assistance. buried at Reilig na tSléibhe: The Mountain Graveyard & Cill Ruis 41/2 mile canal built by public works linking Dungarvan with the River Blackwater for £ 10,000], Bonmahon Dispensary [1846: Dr. George Walker notes starvation, fever], Ballylaneen [1846: population of 3000 starving, work in the mines according to Bonmahon & Kilmacthomas Relief District Secretary James Power], Portnascully: Big School [Once a large parish. Chapel ruins with a Reilg: ancient graveyard. Tombstones in Irish], Stradbally/Clonea Relief Committee [1846: Pierce Marcus Barron notes great destitution of the 5,300 people living in the district composing of Stradbally, Clonea, Faha & Ballyvoille. Provides relief for 105], Lismore Workhouse [1744: In Líos Mor. Sir Richard Musgrave constructs mass grave with forty bodies dumped per week: Cork Examiner: 3 May 1847. 700+ inmates per year with two mortuaries, one across the road from the railway station & the other next door to the childrens’ schoolroom. Duke of Devonshire employs inmates on drainage], Waterford Workhouse [Port of Waterford on the River Suir. 1785. 13% inmates killed in 10 years on gruel. fever hospital added 1799. cupping machine purchased to draw blood in 1848. records of people admitted destroyed. Soup out of boiled bones, open cesspit. People gassed, buried at St Otteran’s, Kilbarry Presentation Convent, Tallow Barracks & Malthouse. Shandon House is a Waterford cholera grave near Dungarvan] , Waterford Magdalene Convent Laundry [-1996: Register of Penitents: name changed, silence. “You were broken down & utterly at their mercy, They decided how long you would spend in the convent - a year or your life.”] |
| Munster Bank / Mining Company of Ireland: Lord Stuart de Decies Captain Wynne, the District Inspector for Clare, Christmas Eve, 1846: There is no doubt that the Famine advances upon us with giant strides. The effects of the Famine are discernible everywhere; not a domestic animal to be seen. It is an alarming fact that, this day, in the town of Ennis, there was not a stone of breadstuff of any description to be had on any terms, nor a loaf of bread ...I ventured through the parishes to ascertain the condition of the inhabitants. Although a man not easily moved, I confess myself unmanned by the extent & intensity of suffering I witnessed, more especially the women & little children, crowds of whom were to be seen scattered over the turnip fields, like a flock of famished crows, devouring the raw turnips, mothers half naked, shivering in the snow & sleet, uttering exclamations of despair whilst their children were screaming with hunger. I am a match for anything else I may meet here but this I cannot stand. I have traversed a considerable extent of my district this week & I find distress everywhere on the increase. Without food we cannot last many days longer; the Public Works must fail in keeping the population alive. The workhouse is full, & police are stationed at the doors to keep the numerous applicants out; therefore no relief can be expected from that quarter. | Co Clare [Clear Water]: Ballyvaughn Workhouse [1852: Holds 500], Corofin Workhouse [1848-1901: Mortuary, fever hospital], Ennis Workhouse [1846], Ennistymon Workhouse [1839-1929: 600 inmate plan by West Clare Railway], Kildysart-Kildysert Workhouse [1848-1922: 500], Kilrush Workhouse [1838 Terminal of the West Clare Railway. Fever Hospital, Female Lunatic Ward operational through 1921], Scariff-Scariffe-Drewsborough [1633: Near Loch Derg. Owned by Sir Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork. 1847: 4-12 die every single day from plague fever. Their bodies are rolled out of the workhouse in carts. Bradys & Drews sell their land holdings in 1852],Tulla [1850-1921: 500 inmates] Co Kerry [Yew Berry]: Cahirciveen [1840: McCarthy family’s Bahaghs lodge enlarged to create the Union Workhouse & named Sanctuary to the Destitute. Mass unmarked graves at Sugrena churchyard. 1921: Remaining inmates transferred by cart to Killarney], Dingle Workhouse [December 1847: The Dingle Guardians on the Board of the Tralee Poor Law Union petitioned for a temporary workhouse to be set in Dingle. This was to be for the reception of the poor now reduced to such a state of hunger & weakness as to render them perfectly unable to travel to Tralee. Lord Ventry ousted as Chairman of the Board of Guardians. Infirmary & mortuary to the north. Graveyard on the hillside. Run by St. John’s Convent of Mercy], Kenmare Union Workhouse [1841], Kerry Magdalen Laundry, Killarney Union Workhouse [1831: Bodies dumped in unmarked graves], Listowel Union Workhouse [1845: on Quill Street. 700 inmates], Tralee Workhouse [Operational through 1917. Mass graves at God’s Acre] Co Tipperary: Nenaugh-Nenagh Union Workhouse [1841: fever hospital], Clonmel [1772: House of Industry. 1842: Edward O’Riordan forced to resign after an unmarried inmate mother of a newborn male child revealed O’Riordan was the father. Andrew Carberry 1846: ‘The oatmeal shop here opened by the D.C.G. Dobree for the sale of oatmeal sent here (Dungarvan Workhouse) from Clonmel depot is now ordered to be shut up...’. Catherine Ryan dies of fever February 1847. Husband Patrick dismissed a month later. 1850-1924: Clonmel Union Workhouse run by the Sisters of Mercy, now Saint Josephs County Medical & Maternity Hospital], Borriskane-Borrisokane [1850: Designed by George Wilkson to hold 600 inmates. 1901 Census the population of the union was 8,532 with 100 in workhouse. Now a Community College], Cashel: Shoe [Rock of Cashel the seat of the kings of Munster. 1839: Inmates starved to death on cornmeal, feverward. Now Saint Patrick’s Geriatric Hospital], Roscrea Union Workhouse [1831: Children’s schoolrooms on the side], Sean Ross Abbey [Tipperary], Thurles [St. Mary’s Workhouse museum displays a man trap used by land owners to prevent the starving from stealing from orchards or fields. minutes of the Thurles Famine Committee available for purchase. 1839: Thurles Union Workhouse on New Street/Racecourse Rd built for 700 inmates. Now the Hospital of the Assumption.] Co Waterford-Vaterfjord / Maigh Adana [Water from Heaven]: Kilmacthomas [tenants evicted & starved], Clashmore [3000 surviving on blackberries attack landlord Lord Stuart de Decies & magistrates leaving the courthouse on the 26 September 1846. Black Hole, large ovens built in 1847 with liquidated assets from Munster Bank. forced labor until dead: spinning, cooking, weaving, stone-breaking, shoe-making by the Sisters of Mercy until early 1920s ] |
| Leinster Province Slaughter [Mass Killing] Dublin Corporation / Dublin Barber’s & Surgeons Corp This is the corporation that builds Public Housing Projects in Ireland. In Ireland they are called the Local Authority Accomodation. Robert Rochfort Esq Exchequer 1703 an Act of the Irish Parliament provided for the setting up of a House of Industry in Dublin. A workhouse was subsequently erected on land at the south-west of James’s Street & was administered by a body called The Governor & Guardians of the Poor whose members included the Lord Lieutenant, Lord Mayor, Lord Chancellor, Protestant Archbishop of Dublin, sheriffs, Justices of the Peace, & members of the Corporation. This body, which met monthly, had powers to place people in the workhouse, & to discipline those already there if they disobeyed workhouse regulations. Punishments could include flogging, imprisonment or deportation. – Dublin South Poorlaw Union | Co Dublin [Black Pool]: Balrothery [1841: Union Workhouse 3 miles NW of Lusk. Held Belgian refugees during WWI], High Park Convent Laundry [Drumcondra, County Dublin. Run by the Sisters of Our Lady of Charity. 1993: The Remains of 155 inmates, who had been buried in unmarked graves on the Sisters of Charity Magdalen Laundry in Dublin, were exhumed &, except for one body, cremated & reburied in a mass grave in Glasnevin called the Penitent Grave. RTÉ interviewed Ms Kathy O’Beirne (45) who was repeatedly raped there between the ages of 12-14 & became pregnant. The Sisters deny she or any other pregnant girls ever worked there or that babies were born. The babies were found buried in the back of the laundry in 2003. Nuns May Sue RTÉ Over Sex Abuse Claim on Radio Show Irish Independent, August 4th, 2005], Rath Domhnaigh: Black Womb [pron. raw dhouna. John Howard levelled it in 1840, removed five cart-loads of human bones with no skulls & interned them elsewhere.Rathdowney Union Workhouse at Loughlinstown built in 1840; still going in 1912], Ballabuggy [1880: walled-in by Board of Guardians. the head-stones are all rude & uninscribed. The Moat ancient desecrated graveyard. human skulls & bones. St. Kieran ’s Tree blown down on 6th of January, 1839],North Dublin Dublin House of Industry-Bedford Asylum for the Reception of Children [1704: those under 6 left to die in local parishes, 1772-1912: N. Brunswick St, Parliamentary grant for operation], Hardwick Fever Hospital, Whitworth Hospital for Chronic Medical Patients, Richmond Surgical Hospital & Lunatic Asylum, Talbot Dispensary. South Dublin: Foundling Hospital & Workhouse of the City of Dublin-Trinity College-St. James Hospital [1702-1916: 160 people sleep in bunk-like beds crammed into the workhouse cellars 240 ft long x 17 ft wide. Beggars, disorderly women, old, infirm, orphans diet of bread, milk, porridge, gruel & burgoo : oatmeal in cold water seasoned with salt & pepper. Governors apprentice out children between 5 & 16.At one of its gates, a basket was fixed to a revolving door. Someone wishing to leave a child anonymously could place it there, ring the porter’s bell, & then depart. Infanticide: 1702: 260+, 1757: 700+, 1790-1796: 12,786 admitted. 5,216 dead in infirmary, 1797-1826: 52,150 admitted. 41,524 dead. 1797: Irish House of Commons reports children stripped naked at the infirmary, laid in groups of five & six crushed together in cradles, swarming with vermin, covered with filthy, dirty blankets cast as unfit for use. The Hospital nurse then gave them the Bottle which the Surgeon claimed help them to die], Dublin: Dublin-Hospital [1762: Mr. Redmond Boate, surgeon. 12,000 relieved], Goldenbridge Orphanage [ 2,000 Irish children exported to the US], Kilmainham Royal Hospital [1677: James II purged British Army of 300 aging soldiers], Inns-quay Infirmary [1723], Lazer Hill’s Hospital for the Incurable [plague], Lock-hospital [1755: women & children raped/infected with venereal disease, killed & dissected], Lying-in- Hospital [1745: Surgeon Bartholomew Mosse, bequeathed to Lord Viscount Sudley, Earl of Arran], Royal College of Surgeons Mary Mercer’s Hospital [1734: Mercer St. Torture, death & dissection], Sean McDermott St Laundry [Dublin. Sisters of Our Lady of Charity. Women given new names, heads shaved, starved, stripped, ridiculed once a week in mortifications 1998 Channel 4 documentary Sex in a Cold Climate], St. Patrick’s Hospital for Lunatics & Others of Inferior Note [1745: from will of Dr. Jonathan Swift, dean of St. Patrick’s. patients segregated by sex. bodysnatchers visit on Mondays & Fridays], St. Nicholas-St. Catherine’s Hospital [1753: human dissection] |
| Isle of Man [Manaw] | |
| Ny Hewnyn [The Hebrews] England’s Council for German Jewry This is an Island off the West Coast of Ireland in the Irish sea. The Manx cat comes from here. The head of the six adminstration districts is called the Coroner. The head of state is currently HM The Queen, her title on the Island is Lord of Mann. There is no Manx citizenship. Manx people are classed as British citizens but those defined as Manx under Protocol Three have a special endorsement placed in their passports preventing them from freely living or working in European Union states. ...Travel to the Isle of Man is regulated by the local government laws. Visitors from countries who require a UK visa may also require a special Manx visa, obtainable from a British diplomatic mission. All non-Manx, including UK citizens, are required to obtain a work permit to take up employment on the Island. – Wikipedia | Curragh Glass: Green Bog Pool [Valley below Greeba mountain. Henry VIII’s victims of witchcraft drowned], Slieau Whallian [Two miles from Peel. Those accused who could swim burned alive or rolled from the top of Slieau Whallian in spiked barrels. Mountain is haunted by a spirit who shrieks nightly], Ramsey [Concentration Camp. Rumors of phenol & tetanus injections. According to the Crown Dependancy Geography Locator: The Island has since disappeared due to land reclamation, but was formerly in the middle of the town’s river. Veiled references to it are in Francis Ford Coppola’s movie Dementia 13] |
| Israel [British Mandate of Palestine] | |
| Conflict 1900BC-1500BC: Phoenician Canaan: Land of Purple (dye) 1500BC-1029BC: Hittites 1029BC - 721BC: N kingdom Israel with capital in Samaria (King Omri). S Kingdom Judah with capital in Jerusalem (King David) 850 BC - 612BC: Assyria seizes Israel. Documents mention Arabs, nomadic camel herders centered in Palestine. 612BC-550BC: Babylonia seizes Judah. 550 BC-341 BC: Persia 341 BC: Rome 135AD: By Pliny’s time, however, this larger Syria had been divided into a number of provinces under the Roman Empire: Judaea [Previously Canaan. Renamed Provincia Syria Palaestina [Philistia] under Emperor Hadrian in 135AD], Phoenicia [Previously Canaan. Renamed Lebanon], Coele-Syria: Hollow Syria [Aram-Sumeria] & Mesopotamia [Previously Sumeria] 160AD - 633AD: Palmyrene Empire: Syria, Palestine & Aegyptus 633AD: Caliph Omarn 661AD-750AD: Umayyad Caliphate 750AD-1031 AD: Abbasid Caliphate 1050AD - 1918AD: Seljuk Turk Ottoman Empire 1874–1878: Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener Palestine Exploration Fund. Authors The Survey of Western Palestine Including a Survey of Eastern Palestine. England occupies after WWI Members of the Jewish Lehi underground, Eliyahu Hakim & Eliyahu Bet Zuri assassinated Lord Moyne in Cairo on 6 November 1944. Moyne was the British Minister of State for the Middle East, responsible for implementing the ban on Jewish immigration to Palestine 1946: Palestine partitioned into Israel, Jordan, West Bank, Gaza Strip 1948: Independance 1948: Arab-Israeli War: Suez bans Israeli ships 1967-1975: Six Day War: Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran to shipping. 1972: Waffen SS Kurt Waldheim, UN Secretary exports UNDOF: United Nations Disengagement Observer Forces to Syria, Israel & Egypt. Suez canal closed | W. Palestine along the Jordan River that flows into the Dead Sea. Occupied by British under General Allenby. Haifa [1934: Oil pipline from Kirkuk, Iraq. Now saturated bombings], Jerusalem [The capital. Located east of Tel Aviv, south of Ramallah, west of Jericho & north of Bethlehem. The section called Old City has four quarters: Armenian, Christian, Jewish & Muslim. Aliyah: 19th century emigration to Israel. 1917: Starvation, typhus & cholera outbreaks. 1922 Census: 589,177 Muslims, 83,790 Jews, 71,464 Christians & 7,617 Other. 1931 Census: 761,922 Muslims, 175,138 Jews, 89,134 Christians & 10,145 other. 1939: Britain’s White Paper caps emigration. High Commissioner prohibits & regulate transfers of land. During the war, the British forbade entry into Palestine of European Jews escaping Nazi persecution, placing them in detention camps or deporting them to other places such as Mauritius. 1945 Census: 1,061,270 Muslims, 553,600 Jews, 135,550 Christians & 14,100 other. Muslims believe the Prophet Muhammad rose to heaven from here] 1976: Menachem Begin |
| Italy [Etruria] | |
| Tomba Massa [Mass Graves] 29th Italian SS Division: Estimated 30 000 of them dead after the war. | Ardeatine Caves [1944: Italian partisans killed 33 Germans with a bomb on Via Rasella in Rome. Kappler & Pietro Caruso, chief of police, arrested, shot, & buried people under the sands], Pompeii [mummified city], Rome Catacombs [plague], Capuchin Bone Chapel [chapel made of bones with bone chandeliers. the inner chamber is an image of the grim reaper & roman clock of bones], Church of San Lazzaro, Côme [plague], Church of the Disciplini, Clusone [plague], Church Santa Maria in Silvis, Pisogne [plague], Chapel of San Stephano, Carisolo [plague], Church St-Vigile, Pinzolo [plague], Milan [Archbishop orders Black Plague victims homes walled up with all occupants sick or well inside], Naples [1598: Treaty of Vervins: Finance Minister & Cardinal Francisco Goméz de Sandoval y Rojas, Duke of Lerma (Seville,1552/3 — Valladolid, 1625), first of the validos: strongmen through whom the later Spanish Hapsburg monarchs ruled, with secretary Rodrigo Calderón establish the Inquisition. WWII: Becomes a processing center for NAZI war criminals to emigrate along with Brechsen in S. Tyrol. SS man Wolfram Trak escapes over the Brenner Pass into Italy, smuggled to Argentina. SS Josef Vättel sheltered by Italian priests & a bishop] |
| Campo di concentramento [Concentration Camp] Watson Italiana & Ministry of Corporations at Vio Vittorio 1937: Machines maintain records of all Italian industrial, commercial, transportation & agricultural enterprises The German-Italian Alliance: Blut & Eisen: The Axis of Blood & Steel Herbert Kappler (1907-1978) Head of the GeStaPo in Rome. Deported 10,000 + Jews from Rome to concentration camps starting in 1943. After the war, he was sentenced to life in prison MVSN: Fascio Brigate nere / MSI: Movimento Sociale Italiano Sicily: Eisenhower invades this volcanic island in 1943 | Arbe [15,000 prisoners] Bolzano Chiesanuova [near Padua] Corrapoli Cremona [Mussolini] Ferramonti Di Tarsia [Near Cosenza, S. Italy. Largest of 15 internment camps established by Mussolini between June & September, 1940] Dulag Carpi [Fossoli di Carpi] Gonars [7000 prisoners. 800+ prisoners from the Island of Rab in Croatia estimated dead here after transfer] Lipari [Island of Lipari] Malo [NW of Venice] Milan [Mussolini’s train station. Milan in the western part of the Po Valley] Molat Monigo Padova [800+ prisoners from the Island of Rab concentration camp in Croatia died when relocated here. Due to Italian propaganda & its role in the last years of the World War II, not much is known about this camp outside borders of the former Yugoslavia. Even in 2003 the centre-right Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi could afford a statement without any consequences that during the time of Fascism, there were no concentration camps, but just compulsory vacation for the opposers of the regime. – Wikipedia]Ponza [Island of Ponza] Potenza [S Italy] Renicci di Anghiari Risiera di San Sabba [Near Trieste. In 1943 the personnel from the Lublin Death Camp are moved here. Large crematorium] Rome [Rome had the distinction of having the last Jewish Ghetto standing in Western Europe. getto: first person singular of gettare: dump, to throw away. 1944: Anzio, Rome falls. 1945: Mussolini captured by Italian resistance fighters & shot April 28. May 2: Italy surrenders. After WWII Red Cross Center for Displaced Persons process identification documents. 1947: Santa Maria del Anima Rector Austrian Bishop Alois Hudel at his Christmas speech at the Casa Geneliza in Via Sardegna brags that 110 wanted war criminals are safe here. Santa Maria del Anima Secretary Hans Maler forges passports, 5 to Venezuela. (132).] Colonie Umberto Io di Tonezzi Urbisaglia Visco [near Palmanova] |
| Italian Republic: San Marino 300 A.D: Christian stonecutter Marinus founds 885 AD: Religious community 1300 AD: Towers built 1631: Independance recognized by Pope 1877: Treaty of Friendship with Italy WWI: Joins the Allies. WWII: Fascist rule. English bomb once in 1944 | (pron. san muh REE noh) 24 square mile European country entirely surrounded by Italy. Located in the Apennine Mountains of northeastern Italy near the Adriatic Sea. Much of it--including its capital & largest city--stands on Mount Titano. Linked to the Italian city of Rimini by railway, highway & helicopter. |
| Italian Republic: Vatican City The Vatican has its own mail system, railroad stop for freight, telephone, water supply, lights, street-cleaning, bank, radio broadcasting tower, printing plant & jail. | Vatican City located entirely within the city of Rome. Vatican City is independent from Italy & has its own diplomatic corps. Vatican Hill once the site of Emperor Nero’s public gardens & circus. |
| Jamaica: Spanish for Hibiscus | |
| Slavery 1519: Spanish governor of Jamaica sends Alonso Alvarez de Pineda to explore the Gulf Coast from Florida to Mexico. 1660: Charles II of England seizes, starts the Royal African Slave Company. A reward is offered for Juan de Serras, leader of one of the free settlements 1737: Maroon Wars: Windwood Maroons led by Nanny, the African Queen. Leeward Maroons lead by Cudjoe. They free slaves in Jamaica. Nanny makes a vow on Pumpkin Hill in 1737 to fight the British to the death. When she signs the treaty she is wearing their dead teeth | Saint James [1830: Emancipation Rebellion of Western Jamaica: Sam Sharpe & 20,000 slaves set the Kensington sugar works Estate in St. James on fire. 201 rebels killed in fighting the combined forces of the British army, navy & local militia.] |
| Japan [Nippon: nitsu: sun + phon rising / Zipangu: Marco Polo: Land of Gold] | |
| Pika-don [Lightening Flash Explosion] Regent Shotoku Taishi’s (574-622) letter to the Emperor of China: The Emperor of the land where the sun rises sends a letter to the Emperor of the land where the sun sets to ask if you are healthy? Origin of the name Nippon: source of the sun – Wikipedia: Sinocentrism. James Franck (1882 -1964) Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, Nobel Prize jointly with Gustave Herz at Göttingen Physics Institute for electron theory. 1933: Atomic reactor University of Chicago Franck report 1945: 7 scientists issue warning. Edward Teller: Physicist at Goettingen, helped in the development of the H-bomb Leo Szilard: Kaiser Wilhelm Institute fathers of the atomic bomb. Max Born: (1882-1970) Göttingen Institute of Theoretical Physics Director, 1954: Nobel Prize for quantum mechanics at Edinburgh University Werner Heisenberg:1932: Nobel Prize University of Leipzig Atomic Physics. 1941-1945: Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics Director | 広島市: Hiroshima [Nobel Prize winner Albert Einstein Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics. Nazis put 50,000 Reichsmarks on his head & he warns that Germany might acquire sufficient quantities of uranium to produce extremely powerful bombs of a new type The Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima by Lt. Col. Paul Tibbetson from the B-29 superfortress Enola Gay] 長崎市: Nagasaki: Long Peninsula [In the Kyushu region. Setting for Giacomo Pucchini’s 1904 opera Madama Butterfly. Atomic bomb dropped by Major Charles W. Sweeney from the B-29 superfortress Bockscar exploding 1,540 feet above the ground. No survivors within a 500-yard radius of Ground Zero, the point above which the bombs exploded. Those beyond that lethal range recalled seeing in the first seconds a brilliant blue - white flash that became a burgeoning orange ball, emitting unbearable heat. Almost at once a violent blast of air shredded buildings, clothes & flesh, & everything combustible seemed to take fire] May 1946, after the war, Einstein, presiding over the National Commission of Nuclear Scientists, declared: ‘The release of atom power has changed everything except our way of thinking, & thus we are being driven unarmed towards a catastrophe... The solution of this problem lies in the heart of humankind.’ Tokyo Shokonsha: [The shrine has performed Shinto rites to house the kami (spirits) of all Japanese and former colonial soldiers who have died in conflicts. Formosan Taiwanese who arrived to request the removal of their relatives from the shrine and to perform spirit-calling ritual prayer for the return of their ancestors’ souls were denied entrance, met by protesters & police. Tokyo also bombed April 18, 1942 in the Doolittle Raid by the USA.] Aerial bombing during World War II rained destruction on civilian as well as military targets. Many cities lay in ruins by the end of the war, especially in Germany & Japan. Land battles spread destruction over vast areas. After the war, millions of starving & homeless people wandered among the ruins of Europe & Asia. In addition, millions of people died in fires, of diseases, & of other causes after such essential services as fire fighting & health care broke down in war-torn areas. |
| Enjo Küsai [Child Prostitution] Enjo küsai, compensated dating, is a practice in Japan where high school-aged girls are paid by older men to accompany them on dates and / or to render sexual services. | 5 to 13 percent of high school girls engage in enjo küsai. Telephone clubs supply customers with a list of mobile numbers. |
| Jordan [British Mandate of Palestine] | |
| Conflict 1900BC-1200BC: Phoenician Canaan: Land of Purple (dye) 1200BC-850BC: Hittites-Assyria 850BC-616BC: Assyrian documents mention Arabs, nomadic camel herders centered in Palestine 612BC-550BC: Babylonia 550 BC-341 BC: Persia 341 BC: Rome 135AD: By Pliny’s time, however, this larger Syria had been divided into a number of provinces under the Roman Empire: Judaea [Previously Canaan. Renamed Provincia Syria Palaestina [Philistia] in 135 AD under Emperor Hadrian], Phoenicia [Previously Canaan. Renamed Lebanon], Coele-Syria: Hollow Syria [Aram-Sumeria] & Mesopotamia [Previously Sumeria] 106AD: Rome seizes Petra, Capitalof the Nabatean Arabs 160AD - 633AD: Rome conquers Arab Palmyra State. Palmyrene Empire: Syria, Palestine & Aegyptus 633AD: Caliph Omarn 661AD-750AD: Umayyad Caliphate 750AD-1031 AD: Abbasid Caliphate 1050AD - 1918AD: Seljuk Turk Ottoman Empire 1050AD - 1918AD: Seljuk Turk Ottoman Empire 1874–1878: Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener Palestine Exploration Fund. Authors The Survey of Western Palestine Including a Survey of Eastern Palestine. Occupied by England after WWI 1946: Palestine partitioned into Israel, Jordan, West Bank, Gaza Strip 1948: Independance Deaths: Moustapha Akkad, 72, executive producer of the Halloween franchise, in the Nov. 9th terrorist bombings in Amman, Jordan, which also claimed his daughter, Rima, 34 – Entertainment Weekly, Monitor, Tim Stack, Nov. 25, 2005. | In Eastern Palestine along the Jordan River that flows into the Dead Sea. In 1922, in an attempt to assuage Arab anger resulting from the Balfour Declaration, the British created the semi-autonomous, Arab Emirate of Transjordan in all Palestinian territory east of the Jordan river under a single British High Commissioner until 1946. Jordanian Civil War: Some flee to Lebanon. Abdoun District, Amman [Raghad Saddam Hussein is wanted by Interpol, She was living the an upscale neighborhood after Jordan’s ruler King Abdullah II, granted Raghad & her sister Rana refuge when they fled Syria in mid 2003. Mother Sajida Khairalla Tulfa & Izzat Ibrahim of the Baath Party also on list], West Bank a.k.a Jordan River Valley [Territory between Israel & Jordan. Annexed to Jordan in 1950, boomeranged to Israel in 1967. Contains East Jerusalem] |
| Kazakhstan: Land of the Free [Kyrgyz Oblast / Western Turkestan] | |
| Virgin Lands Project | 17 Oblasts: governments. WWII: Forced relocation of Germans, Tatars, Ukrainians. 1950s: Virgin Lands Project, brings thousands from other parts of the Soviet Union. – World Book Encyclopedia © 1998. Leninsk [Baykonur Cosmodrome space-launch facility] |
| Kenya: Mountain [British East Africa Protectorate] | |
| Sterilization Camps Kikuyu: Kere-Nyaga: Mountain of Whiteness Sponsored by the Lions Club 1498: Portuguese Vasco de Gama 1888: Imperial British East Africa Company leases area from Sultan of Zanzibar 1895: British East Africa Protectorate Part of East Africa: Horn of Africa with Djibouti [French Somaliland], Eritrea [Italian Somaliland], Somalia [British Somaliland], Ethiopia [Italian East Africa], & Sudan [Anglo-Egyptian Sudan] 1944-1956: Mau Mau Movement: Kikuyu members of the KAU: Kenya Africa Union vs English Detention Camps 1963: Independance | Dr. Cathy Burns: Little Known Facts About Focus on the Family 900 operations a week in Kenya, Samburu District [Laikipiak Maasai. Uhuru: Freedom & Independence: Pre-independance NDF: Northern Frontier District, Only government officials were allowed to enter. - Wikipedia] |
| Maafa [Great Disaster, Horror] The boundary between Kenya & Tanzania, which runs as a straight line back & forth across the lazily winding Umba River; doing so, it cleaves tribes in pieces. Kenya a Commonwealth Nation: President Mwai Kibaki | Mombasa Island / Kisiwa ya Mvita: Island of War. [In Kiswahili. A major port on the Indian ocean, destroyed by the Portuguese in 1539. British East Africa Uganda Railway built in 1903 runs along the side to Lake Victoria. Railway workers died of disease or attack by wild animals. Films: Man-eaters of Tsavo, Bwana Devil, Ghost & the Darkness], Basso Narok: Dark Water a.k.a Lake Turkana [Extends to Ethiopia: Nile perch & Nile crocodiles.1888: Hungarian Count Samuel Teleki renames it Lake Rudolf after Austrian Crown Prince Rudolf], Lamu [Slave-Trading], Nairobi: Cool Waters [In Maasai. Capital city with airport & depot for the Ugandan Railway. Burnt to the ground & rebuilt after the plague of the early 1900s. Ominous looking Registration of Deserted Native forms. Now in a state of famine with 3 million+ dead, with high prices for maize flour - Kenyans Fight for Cheaper Food Prices, disease, tuberculosis clinics, national identity cards that must be paid for.], Malela [2007: CARE, one of the world’s biggest charities, is walking away from $45 million a year in federal financing, saying American food aid is not only plagued with ineffeciencies, but also may hurt some of the very poor people it claims to help. CARE’s decision is focused on the practice of selling tons of American farm products in African countries that it says in some cases compete with the crops of struggling local farmers. CARE plans to phase out its reliance on the system by 2009 – Associated Press] |
| Kuwait: Water Fortress [Basra] | |
| War 661-750 AD: Umayyad Caliphate 750AD-1030AD: Abbasid Caliphate 1775: England seizes Kuwait. The starting point of their Desert Mail Service to Aleppo, Syria. 1880-1920: Kuwait included in a province of the Ottoman Empire called Basra. 1934: Kuwait Oil Company 1950: Schools built 1961: Independance from England. Admitted to UN 1967: Middle East Crisis Troops sent to Egypt 1973: Arab-Israeli War Troops sent. 1985: Sheik Jabar Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah survives assasination attempt. 1986: Iran-Iraq War Constitution suspended. 1990: Persian Gulf War Iraq invades 1991: UN Coalition expel Iraqi forces 2006: Sheik Jaber Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait, dies. (126) | Kuwait City [2/3 of the population. According to World Book Encyclopedia many people are on welfare. Food is imported, while shrimp from Kuwait Bay is exported. Agriculture includes dates, tomatoes, hydroponic foods], The [Persian Gulf] war also caused severe environmental pollution, as the Iraqis set hundreds of Kuwaiti oil wells on fire & dumped huge amounts of Kuwaiti oil into the Persian Gulf ’ – David A Deese PhD, Boston College, World Book Encyclopedia © 1998. |
| Kyrgyzstan: Land of the Inextinguishable [Kara Kyrgyz Oblast / Western Turkestan] | |
| Land Mines 1050 AD: Seljuk Turk Empire 1200-1758 AD: Mongol Khanate 1758: China 1878: Russian Province 1991: Independance | (pron. KIHR guh stahn) Borders Uzbekistan. 1916: Land seizures, killings, 150,000+ flee to China. 1930s: Government collective farms. Kyrgyz nomadic herders raising livestock in mountain valleys forced to live on farms. Tulip War has exiled goverment. Mines: antimony, coal, gold, lead, mercury, petroleum, uranium, & zinc. |
| Laos [Lan Xhang: Hundred Elephants / French Indochina] | |
| Murder DeHoMag-CEC: Companie Electro-Comptable de France Machines used by the French War Ministry in France’s colonies of North Africa & Indochina 800 AD-1353AD: Khmer Empire 1353-1828: Lan Xhang Kingdom seized by Siam 1885: Union Indochinoise: French Indochina with Vietnam & Cambodia In Laos, canoes traditionally opened a path through the water of the Mekong so that mythical serpents could come forth & bring rain to the rice fields. | Vientiane-Viangchan [Capital Kingdom of the Lan Xhang destroyed by Thailand & re-built], Ho Chi Minh Trail [supply line for N. Vietnam bombed by US]. There are land mines all over the country. Visitors are advised by the BBC’s Globetrekker program not to buy shrapnel from area sellers as it can still explode. |
| Latvia [Livonia / Baltic States] | |
| Kara noziegumi [People Murder] 1715: Great Northern War: Prussia, Russia & Denmark vs Sweden over control of Estonia, Livonia, Karelia [Finland] & Baltic Waterways. Frederick I Wettin of Prussia wins Livonia, orders all Gypsies over 18 years of age to be hanged & hunted for sport through 1835. Friedrich Jeckeln appointed HSSPF in Ostland: Eastern Front which encompassed the Baltic countries Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia & parts of Belorussia 15th & 19th Waffen SS Divisions ‘Letvian’: Obersturmführer, 1st Lieutenant: Nielands | VL Jungfernhof [Extermination camp near Riga, Lettonie] KZ Riga I: Riga [1201: Riga founded by the Teutonic Knights]KZ Riga II: Riga-Kaiserwald / Meïaparks [1943: labor camp: A.E.G.: Allgemeine Elektrizitat Gesellschaft; the German industrial electric corporation, mines, farms. starvation, thousands killed Obersturmfuhrer Zaue. Others murdered in the forest] KZ Dundaga, KZ Eleje-Meitenes, Kurland [Estimated 14,000 SS men never heard from again after the war], KZ Lenta, Liebau [April 1942: SS Boris von Drachenfels & Eanny Segal document people being mowed down by the SS. People moved to a ditch & shot by SS Reinhard Tristan Eugen Heydrich: The Butcher of Prague’s men], KZ Salaspils [Konrad Kalejs. Office Administration of Oranienburg], KZ Spilwe |
| Lebanon [French Mandate of Lebanon / Liban: Bright White] | |
| Kataeb Phalangist Murder 1900BC: Canaan: Land of Purple of the Phoenicians. Purple-red dye 1285 BC: Hittite Mutwatallis vs Ramses II at Kadeshr on the Orontes River. Hittite princess married to Ramses 850BC-612BC: Assyrians 612BC-550BC: Babylonia 550 BC-341 BC: Persia 341 BC: Rome 135AD: By Pliny’s time, however, this larger Syria had been divided into a number of provinces under the Roman Empire: Judaea [Previously Canaan. Renamed Palestine in 135 AD], Phoenicia [Previously Canaan. Renamed Lebanon], Coele-Syria: Hollow Syria [Aram-Sumeria] & Mesopotamia [Previously Sumeria] 325AD- 451AD: Chaldecon Schism: Maronites from Antioch flee into Lebanese Mts 661-750 AD: Umayyad Caliphate 750AD-1030AD: Abbasid Caliphate 1585-1635: Druze Lord Fahkr-al-Din II rules Greater Lebanon. Executed at Istanbul by Ottoman Forces April 13 Ottoman Empire until WWI 1922: Occupied by France 1946: Independant 1958: Crisis of ’58: Government Rebellion 1975: Bachir Gemayel’s Kataeb Phalangist Party | Balamad [June 1993: Joint International Commission for the Theological Dialogue between the Roman Catholic Church & the Orthodox Church declared uniatism: can no longer be accepted either as a method to be followed nor as a model of the unity our Churches are seeking], Beirut [After the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict, Lebanon home to 110,000+ Palestinian refugees who fled from Israel. 1975-1990: Lebanese Civil War: Gunmen fire on Phalangist leaders, killing 4. Phalangists led by Pierre Gemayels kill 27 civilians. Black Saturday: 4 Christians killed in East Beirut. Phalange erect roadblocks throughout the city, identification cards inspected for religious affiliation. Militias retaliate, 600+ Muslims & Christians butchered. Syria invades. 1978: Litani River Operation: UNIFIL: United Nations Interim Force with Israeli army. 1982: Israeli forces occupy S Lebanese border to Beirut. US Embassy destroyed by a truck bomb. President Bachir assasinated. His brother Armine takes power. 1987: Prime Minister Rashid Karami assasinated in bomb explosion. 1989: Taif Agreement: Estimates 100,000+ dead, 100,000 handicapped by injuries, during 15 year war. 2000: Israel withdraws temporarily. 2005: Prime Minister Rafik Hariri assasinated by a car-bomb. Intifada of Independence demands Syria’s withdrawal], Mt Lebanon [Marada], Qana [July 30, 2006: Qana Massacre: Dead children with blood in their mouths, bombed out houses, rubble, body bags with roses. Pictures at Kulturevoid (.com)], Sidon [Famous for its purple dye & glass. Greeks adopted the keton, a Phoenician shirtlike garment. 1950: Trans Arabian Pipeline from Abqaiq, Saudi Arabia to Sidon port. Aerial bombed in 1982], Tripoli [Maronite Christians], Tyre: Rock [PLO seat & bombed by Israeli artillery. 2006: Hezbollah], Zahle [1981: Gemayel captures. Syria sends surface to air missiles, Israel sends fighter planes] |
| Kataeb Refugee Camps | El-Hilweh [Sidon refugee camp. Firebombed], Mia Mia [Sidon refugee camp], Nahr el-Bared [2007: Near Tripoli. 25 women & 38 children evacuated by Lebanese Army. Final assault against 70 militants in the hills. Fighting for three months], Sabra [Sabra & Shatila Massacres: 200 Phalangists enter the camp, massacring an estimated 700-3,000 Palestinians, according to official Israeli statistics, none apparently members of any PLO unit], Shatila [destroyed in Lebanese Civil War], Bourj al-Barajneh [destroyed in Lebanese Civil War] |
| Lesotho: People Who Speak Sotho [Basutoland] | |
| Mass Death Named after the Sotho people. Literally the people who speak sotho. Invaded for its gold mines. Part of the British Commonwealth. | 1880: Cape Peace Preservation Act / Gun War: Rebellion against Sir Gordon Sprigg. Water & electricity sold to South Africa. Railway system is completely owned by South Africa. Now: AIDS rate is 29% of the population. Thaba Bosiu [Boer War. 1500+ Basotho killed] |
| Liberia: Latin: Free Land | |
| Mass Graves Firestone Tire & Rubber Company / Goodyear 1816: American Colonization Society buys land to return free blacks. Many die from disease 1838: Commonwealth of Liberia 1847: Independance 1926: Firestone Rubber Plantations 1990-1996: Civil War: Gio & Mano, Krahn & Mandingo vs Government. | Monrovia [Named after US President James Monroe. April 14, 1979: Black Saturday: Rise in the cost of rice causes riots & looting. assasination. 2003: President Charles Taylor (1989-) starving people; who are eating snails, leaves & flower bulbs boiled for three hours. Warehouses of the port stocked with food. Taylor is wanted at the UN-Sierra Leone War crimes tribunal for involvment in the Sierra Leone Civil war.], Farmington River [Firestone’s Rubber Plantation, the largest in the world, waste is dumped here], Buchanan [8000 refugees in a convent], Gbarnga [seized by rebels], Nimban County [1985: Nimbans ethnically cleansed by the Government’s Armed Forces of Liberia under President Samuel Doe. 700,000+, 1/3 the population, flee.], Grand Gedah County [1990: Five European ambassadors issue a statement warning that Liberia is sliding into anarchy & national suicide. Starvation, Dead bodies, often mutilated, dumped on the streets of the city or washed up beaches. Bodies not picked up because people fear being labeled as rebels.] |
| Libya [Tripoli / Italian North Africa] | |
| Campos de Concentracion 202 BC: Rome establishes the Africa Proconsularis. 1139 AD: Count Raymond II of Tripoli September 1940: Mussolini’s Italian forces in Libya invade Egypt. Hitler sends tank units, known as the Afrika Korps, led by General Ernst Rommel: The Desert Fox. December 24, 1951: UN grants independence 1969: Muammar Muhammad al-Qadhafi’s military revolt overthrows the ruling monarchy. | Tripoli /Tripolitania / Beida [Seaport. Originally a Roman Province, then ruled by the Ottoman Empire until seized by Italy in 1912. Capital of Libya. US Embassy sacked in 1979. US Bombing raid in 1986 kills 60. Accused of Human Rights abuses. Moammar al-Qadhafi], Cyrenaica [600 BC Greek Province. 1942: England seizes], Fezzan [SW Province. 1942: France seizes] |
| Lithuania [Lietuva / Baltic States] | |
| Ypatingi Buriai [Death Squads] Karl Jager (1888-1959) Commander of the Sicherheitsdienst: Security Police for the General Commissariat of Lithuania. In charge of extermination, returned to Germany as chief of police. Arrested in 1959 & committed suicide | KZ Kaunas-Kowno / Kokvno [Second largest city in Lithuania. SS Office of Economic Administration. Getto Kovno: Deportations to Majdanek. 1944: Deportations to Dachau & Stutthof], Kaunas-Kowno II: Aleksotaskowno, Kaunas-Kowno III: PalemonasKZ Proveniskiasi / Pravieniskès, [1951: male & female prison camp], Ponary [Jacob Gens’ Einsatzkommando 9, assisted by Ypatingi Buriai: Special ones kill 5000 Jewish men, another 47,500. 80 prisoners kept to open up the mass graves & burn the bodies], Memel-Klaipeda [1252: W. on the Baltic Sea Coast founded by the Teutonic Knights. 3rd largest city in Lithuania], Telsiai Prison [Punishment squad led by Donrsov called to liquidate prisoners in 1941 in Rainai Woods. 80+ tortured, mutilated & killed. According to the coroner’s examination after the exhumation, both the report & the testimonies of witnesses, concured that the Soviets cut off tongues, ears, genitals, scalps, put genitals into mouths, picked out eyes, pulled off fingernails, made belts of victims’ skins to tie their hands, burned them with torches & acid, crushed bones & skulls, & was done to living people. Massacre Organizers: Pyotr Raslan, 8th Border Army Mikhail Company Boris Mironov, NKVD Kretinga county deputy director Yermolayev, NKVD lieutenant Zhdanov. – Adomas Butrimas, Telsiai Region. History & Cultural Heritage],KZ Vilna / Wilno / Vilnius [Capital of Lithuania. European Volunteer Movement WWII]Liquidated 3700 sent to camps in Estonia & Latvia; 4000+ children, women, old men sent to Sobibór. 1000+ went into hiding in the Rudninkai & Naroch forests. 1944: liberated], KZ Volary |
| Luxembourg: Lwcsembwrg: Raven Place [Netherlands: Low Countries] | |
| Komturia 963 AD: State under Count Siegfried 1815: Willem Frederik I, Prince of Orange, King of Holland & Arch-Duke of Luxembourg. 1912: Grand Duchess Marie Adelaide Fall Gelb: German invasion of Luxembourg. 1948: Benelux: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg no tariff. Current Prime Minister: Jean-Claude Juncker | Two land regions: Ardennes & Bon Pays: Good Land. 23 percent of Jewish residents murdered. Hamm [1944-1945: Die Wacht am Rhein: Ardennes Offensive: Battle of the Bulge: Bodies buried here], Bofferding bei Luxemburg [Site of Lebensborn], KL Hinzert [Sonderlager. Prisoners from Luxembourg & Mayence-Mainz on the Rhineland] |
| Macedonia: Greek makednon: High [Paonia: Song Land / Republika Makedonija] | |
| Mass Graves Yugoslav Watson AG 336 BC: Rome 393 BC: Byzantine 1371: Ottoman 1912: Balkan League conquers Macedonia. Greeks had been working on çiftlik tobacco estates. 1913: Second Balkan War: Macedonia divided by Serbia [North & Central], Bulgaria [Eastern] & Greece [Southern]. 1918: NAZI Josep Tito Broz declares himself president of Yugoslavia 1942-1949: Greek Civil War: Bulgarian SS occupy area. ELAS: Ethnikos Laikos Apeleftherotikos Stratos resistance / SNOF: Slavo-Macedonian liberation army fight against the SS 1949: Macedonia a republic of Yugoslavia. 1980: Josep Bronz Tito dies. 1991: Independance 1993: Greece claimed the country had no right to use a Greek name to describe itself. Admitted to the UN under Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. 1994-1995: Greek trade embargo. Lifted at flag change & no claims to territory outside its borders. Money unit: denjar | Scupi-Skopje [(pron. SKAHP yeh) 1000 BC: Illyrian Kingdom], Debar, Gostivar, Tetovo, Struga, [Invaded by the Albanian SS] Bulgaria rounded up more than 7,000 Macedonian Jews & turned them over to Germans, who deported them to the death camp at Treblinka in March 1943. |
| Malawi: Land of Flaming Waters [British Protectorate of Nyasaland] | |
| Slavery 1500 AD: Malawi-Maravi Kingdom 1875: Free Church of Scotland’s African Lakes Corporation 1889: British Protectorate of Nyasaland. Nyasa the Yao word for lake 1953-1963: Federation of Rhodesia & Nyasaland 1964: Independance Official languages: Chichewa & English. Other ethnic groups: Lomwe, Ngoni (Angoni), Nyanja, Sena, Tonga, Tumbuka | (pron. mah LAH wee) SE Africa bordered by Zambia, Tanzania & Mozambique. Lake Malawi [1859: Dr. David Livingstone visits & the African Lakes Company follows. Crops: tea, maize, beans, rice, cassava, tobacco, peanuts. Workers paid 17 cents an hour. The Order of the Lion of Malawi to foreigners & citizens of Malawi who have performed distinguished & outstanding service to Malawi.], Lake Chilwa [1859: Dr. David Livingstone] |
| Malaysia [Malacca / British Malaya / British East Indies] | |
| Slavery British Borneo Company / Royal Dutch Shell Bahasa Melayu: Malay language from Sumatra. 1511: Fernao de Magalhaes a.k.a Ferdinand Magellan seizes Malacca for the Portuguese. 1824: Anglo-Dutch Treaty divides British Malaya & Netherlands East Indies: Indonesia. 1917: Lord & Lady Baden Powell’s Girl Scouts at Church of England Zenana Missionary Society School. 1930s Depression 1942-1945: Japanese occupation 1948-1960: Batang Kali Massacre-Malayan Emergency: Military police inspecting identity cards. which are used for rice rationing IBM technology. Lieutenant General Gerald Templer’s intelligence network bribes for information. 1951: British High Commissioner, Sir Henry Gurney assasinated. Viscount Alan Tindal Lennox-Boyd of Merton (1904-1983) Minister of State for Colonial Affairs 1951-1952 1958: Miss Helen McWiney, Deputy Chief Commissioner for Overseas Territories in the Commonwealth | Tin, timber, resin, petroleum, gold mines insured by Lloyd’s of London. English plantations: tapioca, gambier, spice, cocoa, bananas, pepper, coffee, Ulu Tilam Rubber Estate, palm oil have indentured servants from India, southern China. 1822: Sir Stamford Raffles & Lieutenant Philip Jackson colonize Singapore by segregating people into four areas. European Town: European traders, Eurasians & rich Asians. Chinese Kampong: Chinese, Chulia Kampong: Indians, Kampong Glam: Muslims, Malays, Arabs. 1948-1960: Batang Kali Massacre-Malayan Emergency: Workers fight plantation owners. Special Air Service Jungle commando unit, Special Constabulatory Unit, Gurkha Unit. 1950-1952: Transmigration Programme-Resettlement Plan: Resettlement of half a million plantation workers into 500 Resettlement Camps with round-the-clock armed sentries & barbed wire fences. 1963: British Malaya becomes Malaysia with acquisition of the British territories North Borneo, Singapore: Lion City. Affirmative action creates a discontented class of educated but underemployed Malays. Chinese-majority Singapore seceeeds in 1965. 1969: Race riots, emergency rule & a curtailment of political life & civil liberties which has never been reversed 1999: Unisys Smart Card introduced. 2006: Amnesty International has criticised Singapore for having possibly the highest execution rate in the world per capita. British Gurkha regiment is the Singapore Police Force. Mandarinization Program: The decision of the government to dub Hong Kong Cantonese & Taiwan Min programs into Mandarin when 16% of the Chinese population actually speak Cantonese, 65% speak Min & the rest speak Southern Chinese dialects not related to Mandarin. – Wikipedia. |
| Prostitution | Medan, North Sumatra [Prostitution syndicate trafficking Indonesian girls & women from Medan to Malaysia. Syndicate makes identity cards & is accused of working with immigration officials to facilitate the departure of the women. Junior high school graduates told they will have good jobs as cellular phone shop attendants & then forced into prostitution. – Jakarta Post] |
| Mali: Hippopotamus [French Sudan] | |
| Mass Graves Mali means Hippopotamus in the Bambara language. Griot: Oral historian. 1230 AD: Sosso King Sumanguru conquers Malinké Kangaba Kingdom & nine kingdoms of Ghana 1235 AD -1255 AD: Sundjata: Lion King defeats Sumangaru, names Kangaba Mali. Malinké part of the Mandingo clan 1312 - 1337 AD: King Mansa Munsa spreads Empire eastward to Gao. 1400 AD - 1500 AD: Songhai & other states conquer Mali‘s outlying areas. Part of French West Africa: Afrique Occidentale Française: 1898-1960 1959: French Sudan & Sénégal: Federation of Mali 1960: Independant | Gao [linked to Timbuktu by ferry service], Timbuktu [Under Mansa Musa a 14th century Islamic-Mandika/Soninke book publishing empire stretching to North, West, East Africa. Invaded by Portugal. A drought & desertfication in the 1970s & 1980s kills the livestock of the Tuareg Berbers. Government provides no aide. In 1990 Tuareg separatists attack government buildings & fight the national army. Peace Treaty as of 1998.], Sadiola [largest gold mine in West Africa], Sikasso [1876: Tieba King of the Kénédougou Empire. Senegal Niger-Kongo languages. Palace on sacred Mamelon hill. Sieged & taken by the French in 1898.] |
| Mauritania [Sahel] | |
| Slavery Part of French West Africa: Afrique Occidentale Française: 1895-1960. Bafours the ancestors of the Soninke, a Mande speaking people. Soninke Hereditary king called the Ghana. Invaded in 1076 by Al Murabitun monks. | Mauritanian Thirty-Year War (1644-74) Hassaniya, a mainly oral, Berber-influenced Arabic dialect that derives its name from the Yemeni Beni Hassan tribe became the dominant language. Castes developed, yielding ‘white’ Moors (the aristocracy), kewri (the indigenous peoples who were never enslaved) & ‘black’ Moors or haratin (the formerly enslaved). |
| Mauritius: Prince Maurice of Nassau [British Indian Ocean Territory] | |
| Slavery 1598: Seized by the Netherlands 1715: Seized by France & named Ile de France 1810: Seized by England 1835-1907: Indian laborers 1968: Independance | (pron. maw RIHSH uhs) Country consists of Mauritius Island just east of Madagascar [Sugar exported], Rodrigues, Agalega, Cargados Carajos Shoals, Chagos Archipelago, Diego Garcia. |
| Mexico [Metzli: moon + xictli: navel, center, son] | |
| Haciendas 1520: Bristol Company 1536: Mexican Inquisition: Don Fray Juan de Zumárraga, first Bishop & Archbishop of Mexico (died 1548) establishes the Inquisition under Pope Clemente VII on the Yucatán peninsula in conjunction with Don Francisco Marroquín, Bishop of Guatemala. 1536-1910: Land stolen. Only Spanish born colonists allowed to own land & plantations. Mexicans working on large estates called haciendas for wealthy landowners. 1910: Mexican Revolution: Porfirio Diaz exiled to France. 1940-1946: President Manuel Avila Camacho’s bracero: day laborer program. Mexican agricultural workers sent to the USA. 1964: Government imports corn & sugar. USA companies set up assembly plants without paying duty, provided finished goods exported. These plants are called maquilas-maquiladoras 1970s: Army & secret police disappeared hundreds of people. 2000: 3,500 Plants employ 1.3 million workers. Maquila wages are four times the Mexican minimum wage. Plants make 77 billion dollars worth of goods. El Paso, Texas, once a center of clothing manufacturing closes down. 2000: Plan Sur: Plan South: 168,000+ Central American migrants caught crossing from Guatemala are deported back to their home countries, chiefly Honduras, El Salvador & Nicaragua. | Juarez [Mexican President Benito Juarez, a Zapotec from Oaxaca, ruled from 1861-1872. 350 maquiladoras (91)], Oaxaca: Huaxyácac: Place of Guaje Trees [pron wah-ha-ka.], Valladoid [now Morelia], Campeche [Oil well. Mexico a leading oil producer, but companies are foreign owned. Mayan City of Chicanná: House of Snakes Jaws. Doorway to the city is the mouth of Itzamná, the creator god, in the form of the Earth Monster. Linked with Becán: Road of the Serpent & Xpujil: Place of the Cattails nearby], Cancun [220-mile coral reef, 46,000 hotel rooms generate 40 percent of all Mexican tourist revenues. The former village of Cancun has 700,000 people, many who live in fenced-off squalor & have no access to the beaches. A leader of Yuxcuxtal: Green Life: our entire ecology has been concessionized. (91)], Cabo [Escalera Nautica intends to spend $1.7 billion by 2014 in Los Cabos on a chain of yacht stops providing 10,000 hotel rooms.], Chiapas, Tlaxcala: Place of Maize Tortillas, Jalisco: Colotlán, Michoacán: Place of the Fisherman [Purepuecha-Tarascan massacred by Guzmán. President Lazaro Cardenas from here], Guanauato: Place of Frogs [Purepuecha], Tabasco [Good Friday 1519. Hernán Cortez Nuño Beltrán de Guzmán lands on the Yucatán peninsula at Tabasco], Tenochtitlán: Place of Prickly Pear Cactus [August 31, 1521: 11 million+ civilians & priests murdered under Cortez. Mexico City built over the ruins. Tlatelolco Plaza October 2, 1968. Student protestors threatened to embarrass a country busily preparing for the Olympic Games. The army shot hundreds of them that night- & then set out to suppress all knowledge of the event. 1998: World’s leading silver producer], Texcoco [1419 AD: Ruler Nezahual Coyotl] |
| Prostitution | Tijuana [Brothels], Guadalajara [Two U.S. pornographers who ran the International Male group recruited 300 Mexican children ages 7 to 11 to appear in their explicit productions. Some of the children are still missing.] |
| Moldova [Moldavia / Dacia: Wolf Moon] | |
| Porajmos [The Devouring]: Romani term for the Holocaust Compania Electrocontablia Watson, Bucharest Romanian Central Institute for Statistics: Friedrich Burgdorfer & Ludwig Hummer 2000 BC: Dacia 101 AD: King Decebalus. Emperor Trajan resettles Dacia making it Romania. 1500 AD: Ottoman 1812: Russia 1856: Crimean War: Principality of Moldova 1885-1919: King Ferdinand Wettin of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1865-1927) of Bulgaria & Romania-Moldavia 1919: King Boris III Wettin 1924: Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Trans-Dnestr region. 1939: Romania seizes, 1940: Russia seizes 1989: Parliament orders a return to the Roman alphabet. Moldovan, a dialect of Romanian written in Cyrillic. 1990: Moldavian Republic renamed Moldovan Republic. 1991: Independent. | Chisinau [In Russian Kishinev, the capital of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldavia. Over half the buildings in the city were destroyed in World War II. Moldova (pron. mawl DOH vuh) has close ties with a region in eastern Romania still called Moldavia.], Bessarabia [Lies in the regions of Moldova & the Ukraine. Bordered North: Dnestr River, East: Black Sea, South: Don-Danube River, West: Prut River.] |
| Mongolia [Outer Mongolia] | |
| Country Split 1206: Temujin later named Genghis Khan/Chingis/Jenghis ruler of Mongolia. The Mongol chiefs proclaim him khan of all the tribes. 1240 AD: Franciscan Friars John of Plano Carpini & William of Rubruck, visit Khan at Karakorum, Mongolia 1271 AD: Mongols establish the Chinese Yuan: Red River Dynasty. Marco Polo sets off for China from Venice in 1271. More than three years later, he reaches Kublai Khan’s summer palace in Cambaleuc, Peking/Beijing 1500: Daya Khan Rules 1578: Alta Khan: Golden King converts to Buddhism. He names Sönam Gyatso: Dalai Lama: Gyatso means Ocean. Dalai means Ocean in Mongolian. 1911: Lama Bogd Khan the Last Emperor | Outer Mongolia is the region that is part of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia: Nei Menguu is an autonomous region of China. 1915: Kiaght Agreement: Outer Mongolia autonomous under Chinese soucerainty. 1919: China invades Outer Mongolia, proclaiming it the Mongolian People’s Republic. 1925: Soviet Union invades 1939: Battle of Khalkin; Soviets defeat Japan 1991: Glasnost |
| Morocco: Farthest West [Al-Maghrabiya] | |
| Vichy Camp de Concentration Vichy law of 4 October 1940 provided that foreign nationals of the Jewish race would be detained in special concentration camps Laskier says there were 12 camps, & that the Jews there were reportedly suffering from harsh conditions, although their fate was better than that of the Tunisian Jews in concentration camps. Nevertheless, he characterized the Moroccan Jews’ situation at this time as precarious Although the King protected Moroccan Jews, Vichy restrictions imposed in Morocco included severe limitations on Jews’ professions & schooling, forced relocation to the mellahs (the Moroccan ghettos) & financial extortions, land expropriation, prohibitions from public office, & other regulations. – Encyclopedia Judaica, Robert Attal 770AD - 929AD: Idrisid Caliphate: Sultan Idris ibn Abdallah at Fez | Atlas Mountain Chain crosses the middle of Morocco from southwest to northeast. This area that crosses Tunisia, Morocco & Algeria is called the Maghreb: Western or Moghreb: Sunset Berguent Mellila [Spanish, resentful of Britain’s hold on Gibraltar, retain Ceuta & Melilla] Oujda [Algerian-Moroccan border. Inmates sent to camp by train. Nov. 8, 1942: USA Lieutenant General Dwight D. Eisenhower of the United States lands in Algeria & Morocco, defeating Vichy French forces] Port Lyautey Settat: Rudzin Camp #5 [S of Casablanca. 200 miles inland, forced labor, stone breaking, plantations, road work, starvation, no sanitation, dysentery, malaria, disease] Sidi-El-Ayachi [Internment Camp: starvation, typhus, dysentery, malaria] Taza [Forced Labor Camp. Transportation by rail from Casablanca under police escort. Communication with the outside world forbidden] Tendrara [deportations to Natzweiler] |
| Western Sahara [Spanish Sahara] 1509: Spain 1524-1860: Moroccan Rule 1860-1976: Province of Spanish Sahara 1976: Split between Morocco [North] & Mauritania [South] 1977: Polisario Front demands independance as SADR: Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic 1979: Mauritania gives up claim & withdraws 1991: UN supervised cease-fire 2001: Morocco claims. Some oppose the claim | Lies between Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, & the Atlantic. |
| Mozambique [Portuguese East Africa] | |
| Work Camps First inhabitants are the San, ancestors of the Khoisani peoples 1497-1975: Held by the Portuguese 1855: Dr. David Livingstone follows the Zambezi River to its mouth in Mozambique 1976: Closes border with Rhodesia-Zimbabwe 1980 -1990s: Millions starve | Borders South Africa on the Zambesi river. Estimated 1 million+ dead in the war for independance, 1.7+ million exiles, several million internally displaced persons. Slave labor in mines. Portuguese sell labor to South Africa. Renamo faction. |
| Myanmar [Burma] | |
| Burned Villages: Papun District 1826: England seizes 1885: Third Burmese War: Myanmar a province of India until 1937 1937: All-Burma Students’ Union call one another Thakin: Master, used before only in addressing the English. Burma seperated from India. 1942-1945: WWII: Japanese forces advance into southern Burma. China sent troops into Burma to help England hold onto the Burma Road, where weapons, food, & goods traveled from India to China. April 1942, Japan seized & shut down Burma Road. Burmese refuse to join the British Commonwealth. Flag is red with stars representing: Burmans, Karens, Shans, Kachins, Mons [3000 BC: related to Khmer], Wa & Chinese. ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, & Vietnam, Jadeite, or Chinese jade, a rare mineral, found mainly in Burma, Japan, California, & Mexico. | (pron MYAHN mah) Lies on the Bay of Bengal. 50 million people. Capital: Pagan on the Irrawaddy River, once ruled by Kublai Khan. 1500 AD: Toungoo Kingdom 1962: Ne Win’s BSPP: Burma Socialist Programme Party seizes government, newspapers, schools, economy, suspends Constitution. Restricted visits by foreign reporters. 1988: SLORC: State Law & Order Restoration Council Army Coup. SLORC changes country name to Myanmar. 1997: Council name change to SPDC: State Peace & Development Council. Major nations withhold economic aid because of the SPDC’s human rights violations Mandalay [Burmese end of the highway from China] Capital Yangon-Rangoon previously named Dagon. Papun District [ SPDC: State Peace & Development Council state army murder, plant Chinese land mines, rice-tax. State destroys crops & murder livestock. Karen survive on herbal infusions, boiled bamboo shoots, ginger & klee root. State army has 400,000 men.] |
| Lu Thaw Township | Ler Mu Plaw, Yay Gho Loh Der, Ta Er Nah Kee, Hser Tih, Loh Koh, Paw Kho Kee, Bler Ghaw, Hee Koh Loh Der, Dta Baw Meh Plaw, P ’Nah Ay Per Ko, K ’Baw Kee, Saw Ka, Taw Thu Kee, Na Ku Plaw, P ’Nah Po Plaw, Meh Hta Ko, Saw Toh, Pa Hta,Yu Loh Der, Khaw Thu, Wah Daw Klah/Mu T ’Ru Pu |
| Bu Tho Township | Bwah Der, Meh Paw Mu Hta, Ma Mu Der |
| Dweh Loh Township | Nya Peh, Noh Nay Pu, Meh Kleh, Nya Hsa Day, T ’Kaw Hta, P ’Nweh Hta, Meh Toh Kee, K ’Neh Khaw Hta, Maw Hta, Doh Koh Wah, Thay Ko, Hsaw Ph Hta, Hsaw Ph Kee, Lay Kee, K ’Waw Kee, Baw Naw Kee, Poh Loh Kee, Poh Loh Hta, Pway Day, Ler Wa Ko, Kloh Kee, Toh Meh Kee, Wa Tho Law, Noh Baw Law, Meh Paw Hta, Wa Law Kloh, Per Ko, Plaw Kee, Meh Paw Kee, Nya Hsa Kee, Ner Kee, Ler Toh Po, Ker Kaw Law, Maw Pu, Lay Hta, Da Baw Kee, Meh Gha Law, Paw Wah Der, Noh Paw Per, Dta Hu Law, Ka Pu Soh, Maw Thay Hta, Th ’Waw Kha, Th ’Waw Ku |
| Burned Villages: Nyaunglebin Dist: Mone Township | Thay Nweh, Saw Tay Der, Wah Kee, Kh Day Ko, Taw Ray Der, Saw Nyeh Der, Tee Ner Hta, Nwa Lay Ko, Play Kee, Yaw Kee, Play Pa, Si Daw Ko, K ’Nay Kee, K ’Pah Hta |
| Kyauk Kyi Township | P ’Yah Hser Der, Tee Mu Hta, Maw Kee, Kheh Der, T ’Kaw Der, Oo Keh Kee, Mu Kee, Doh Daw Kee, Tee Nya B ’Day Kee, Poh Hta, Po Khaw Der, Maw Lay Kee, Kee Tee, Hoh Lu, Peh Po Kee, Saw Baw Der, Lay Pway Kee, Shwegyin Township: Hsaw Gho Kee, Du Pa Leh, Tee Klay Kee, Tee Blah Hta, Thaw Gheh Ko, Tee Thareh Kee, Kaw Mu Der, Thay Ko Hser Der, Thay Ko Pu, Dta Say Der, Maw Pu, Saw Aw Hta, Meh Kyi Kee /Kyaw Mu Chaw Day |
| Concentration Camp | Ku Thu Hta, Wa Mu, Meh Way, Klaw Hta, Meh Nyu Hta, Yan Myo Aung, Deh Kaw, Lay Bin Way, Kaw Tha Say |
| Namibia: Enormous [Deutsch-Südwestafrika: German South-West Africa] | |
| German SS: Schutzstaffel Vernichtungsbefehl: Extermination Nama for enormous Nama a group of the Khoikoi: Men of Men 1487: Portugal invades 1864: Germany invades 1884: Deutsch Kolonialgesellschaft für Südwest-Africa: German Colonial Neighborhood for Southwest-Afrca 1885-1888: Governor: Reichskommissar: Heinrich Ernst Göring (1839-1913: Herman’s Dad) 1894: Reichkommissar: Theodor Gotthilf Leutwein (1849-1921): Elf Jahre als Gouverneur in Deutsch-Südwestafrika: Eleven Years as Governor in German South-West Africa 1904: Shutztruppe Colonial Administrator: Adrian Dietrich Lothar von Trotha (1948-1920) issues the Vernichtungsbefehl: Extermination Order: “Within the German borders, every Herero, whether armed or unarmed, with or without cattle, will be shot.” 1905: Friedrich von Lindequist: Census 1920: League of Nations mandate to South Africa 1966-1990: War of Independance from South Africa | Ai-Gams/Otjomuise/Windhoek [Regionalbüro. Administered by the Schutztruppe, the colonial armed force of Imperial Germany from the late 1800s to 1918 when Germany lost its colonies. 1100,000+ murdered in 1904 alone by Germany. Herero & Damara people killed] Etosha National Park[Eastern Gate near Namutoni dedicated to Friedrich von Lindequist, responsible for bringing the Karakul sheep from central Asia to the country after the people were massacred. By 1908 surviving Herero were forbidden to own cattle or land & he required them to carry messingsmarke: brass discs for identification, restricting them to reservations. He established a police force & several agricultural federations. From 1914 to 1933, he served as Deputy Chairman of the German Colonial Company. He died in 1945 on his asparagus farm. The term kolonialistischer Eroberung: colonial table Robbery is used to describe this one] Okahandja [1885-1888: Heirich Ernst Göring’s Schutzstaffel Headquarters] Caprivi Strip [Seized for access to the Zambesi river] Otjihanena [Concentration Camp collection point] Omburo [Concentration Camp collection point] Karibib [Concentration Camp] Swakopmund [Concentration Camp. Typhus, starvation rations of uncooked rice, salt & water] Shark Island [1905-1908: Concentration Camp at Lüderitz. German Shutzstaffel issue numbers, meticulously recording every death of a Herero in the camps & including the name. Death by starvation & forced labor. Inmates build the railway between Lüderitz & Keetmanshoop] |
| Nepal: Holy Mountain Abode | |
| Gai Jatra: Cow Festival October 8th: A queen was sad over the death of her child. The king sent a troupe of clowns to cheer her. The Nepalese believe cows open the gate of heaven with their horns, so families in which someone has died during the previous year let out cows decorated with flowers to wander through the streets. Clowns poke fun at the government & society, and people sing & dance. | Kathmandu Imperial Palace: 2001: Distraught prince high on drugs shoots & kills members of his Royal family. 1953: Sir Edmund Percival Augustus Hillary (1919-2008) with Nepalese Tenzing Norgay climb Mount Everest: Chomolungma: Mother of the Earth from the Nepal. Hillary then goes on to climb 10 other mountains in the Himalayas: Abode of Snow, crossing the Antartic, then the Artic. 1985: Sir Edmund Percival Hillary appointed New Zealand High Commissoner to Nepal, India & Tibet 1980s Bhutanese political dissidents, civilians, Nepalese in Bhutan flee to Nepal, where they are admitted into 7 United Nations-run camps 1996: 3 members of the Indo-Tibetan Border Police & 15 climbers die on Everest. It is turned into the movies Into Thin Air: Deaths on Everest & Everest Nepalese Civil War 1996-2006 2006: After Mark Inglis revealed David Sharp paid $6,200 for an Asian Trekking climbing permit & he left him to die on Mount Everest, Hillary told the New Zealand Herald : They don’t give a damn for anybody else who may be in distress and it doesn’t impress me at all that they leave someone lying under a rock to die. |
| Nicaragua [Mexican Empire] | |
| Genocidio 1522: Francisco Fernandez de Cordoba, founds Granada & Leon & enslaves the people. 1552: Named after Nicarao a chief defeated by Spanish Conquistador Gil Gonzalez de Avila. 1570: Audiencia de Guatemala High court of Spanish judges & administrators that ruled most of Central America. Nicaragua was part of the colony of New Spain, but the court had great power because it was so far from Mexico City, the colonial capital. 1638: British privateers invade the Mosquito coast & massacre the people. Slavery not abolished until 1824’s Emancipation Edict 1821: República Federal de Centroamérica: United Provinces of Central America: Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador [leaves Feb 1841], Honduras [leaves Nov 5, 1838] & Costa Rica. October-November 1852: Federación de Centro América : El Salvador, Honduras & Nicaragua. 1853: Soldier of fortune William Walker invades & becomes president. He writes The War in Nicaragua, is overthrown by Cornelius Vanderbilt with US forces; handed over to the British & executed in Honduras in 1860 1893: Venezuela Incident: US invades. | 1901: Nicaragua the major trade route between New York City & San Francisco through the San Juan River. President Jose Santos Zelaya sets limits on U.S. rights in proposed Nicaragua Canal zone. The United States doesn’t accept limits, shifts attention to Panama as site of the canal. Zelaya threatens to sell rights to the canal to a rival country of the United States & cancels contracts. 1909-1933: U.S. marines invade, put down forces that oppose American control & supervise elections. 1934: U.S. trained Nicaraguan Army: National Guard murder Augusto Cesar Sandino. 1978-1990: Sandanista Government vs National Guard: Contras. 1990: Violeta Barrios de Chamorro of the UNO: National Opposition Union, a group of 14 anti-Sandinista parties, elected president. UN Peacekeeping force sent in to oversea cease-fire. |
| Niger [French West Africa] | |
| Mass Graves1884 Berlin Kongokonferenz: Triple Alliance: Mandingo-French War: Kongo Kingdom. Part of French West Africa: Afrique Occidentale Française: 1895-1960. The Sahara desert flows through. | Niamey [State Capital. 2005: 3.5+ million people starving. Plagues of locusts & drought. 30+ children dying every week of pneumonia, malnutrition-starvation. UNICEF is requesting donations.] |
| Nigeria [British West Africa] | |
| Mass Graves 1884 Berlin Kongokonferenz: Triple Alliance: Mandingo-French War: Belgian King Leopold II seizes Chad. England seizes Nigeria. Germany seizes Tangayika & Zanzibar. Italy seizes Somalia & Ethiopia. Most populous country in Africa, accounting for 1/5 of Africa’s people with a population of more than 35 million. Largest British Commonwealth country with oil reserves in the Southeast. President Olusegun Obasanjo – Wikipedia 500 BC: Nok Culture: terra-cotta Kongo Kingdom 1796: Oyo Empire: Alaafin Awole deposed by Afonja, Aare Ona Kakanfo: Chief military commander of the army & Alim al-Salih 1835: Sokoto Caliphate razed Many slaves came from southern Adamawa in Cameroon or from the lands beyond Bornu. 1888: Protectorate of Great Britain. King Adeyemi I Alowolodu becomes a British Vassal. | Lagos [State Capital dealing with large heroin problem. Center of Nollywood: Actors known in Ghana, Guyana, Kenya & Ivory Coast], Abeokuta [1899: British Lagos railway. Yorúbà County: palm oil, rubber, yams, shea butter], Biafra [1966: Ibo people targets of mass killings. 1970: Biafra ravaged by saturated air bombings; in great need of food supplies. Biafra re-incorporated into Nigeria. 1 million+ die of starvation alone], Kano [2003: National vaccination program suspended. Muslim clerics refuse US Polio vaccine as an effort by Westerners to sterilize young Nigerian Muslim girls. By May of 2004, polio reported to have spread to several other African nations which had previously been declared polio-free. On May 18, the state of Kano agreed to resume vaccination programs using vaccines produced in Indonesia, not the US], Ife [1200AD: Terra Cotta], Ilado [2006: People tap pipelines, seeking fuel for cooking. gasoline ignites on May 12th 2006 killing 200+],Yelwa [2004: Yelwa Massacre. 600 Muslims killed by Christians], Western Nigeria [Fon, Ewe & Yoruba: Vodún Priests] |
| Northern Ireland [Ulster-Uladh: Noble Place (pron OLOO)] | |
| Sleabaght [Slave Ships] The River Bann: Milk River is the largest river in Northern Ireland. The Upper Bann rises in the Mourne Mountains: Don’s House & flows into Lough Neagh (pron LAWK NAY). The Lower Bann flows north from Lough Neagh into the Atlantic Sea at Portstewart. | John Dunn [Hibernia, Gulnare. Indentured Chinese from Hong Kong to California. When the Gulnare rounded the Cape of Good Hope, the Chinese set fire to her & attacked the crew. Bankrupt in 1857], Messrs J & J Cooke / Herbert Cooke & Co [Londonderry] |
| Gaols [Houses of Love] / Deathcamps pron. GAY-L for holding the Gaelic: pron. GAY-LICK people. In the USA: jail Mandatory identity cards with computer recorded fingerprints will be issued to all citizens and foreign guestworkers in the United Kingdom in 2007. 1999: 3 new political bodies: (1) Northern Ireland Assembly [suspended 2000] (2) North-South Ministerial Council: Island of Ireland affairs (3) British-Irish Council / Council of the Isles: UK, Ireland, Channel Islands, Isle of Man | Co Antrim / Dalriada [Red Kings]: Ballycastle Workhouse-Dalriada District Hospital [1842-1923: Fever Hospital across the road from Orange Hall. Cornmill located in city], Ballymena Workhouse [1842: Cushendall Rd. 900 inmate plan], Ballymoney Union Workhouse [1842: Fever Hospital, Model Farm & School, Graveyard], Larne District Hospital-Moyle [1842], Lisburn Workhouse [1842-1920: Laundry Factory, Lodge, Cemetery, Graveyard, Smithy, Handkerchief & Laundry Works, Largymore Weaving Factory],Co Down / Dun [Abyss]: Downpatrick Workhouse [1840: Double graveyard], Kilkeel Workhouse [1842: Newry Street], Newry Workhouse-Good Shepherd Laundry [1841-1950: Magdalene laundry, fever hospital, mortuary], Newtonards-Newton Ards [1842-1922], Co Fermanagh / Feor Magh Eanagh: Enniskillen [fever sheds], Lowtherstown-Irvinestown. [1844: Workhouse across road from Castle Irvine School], Co Londonderry [Raven Oak]: Coleraine [1842-1941: Nursery, Mortuary, Fever Hospital, Burial Ground], Newtown Limavedy [1842], Magherafelt [1839-1941: Left of the railway station with Fever Hospital. Burial ground to the right of station. Bellbrooke Masonic Hall across from Courthouse], Co Monaghan / Orgial [Gold]: Castleblaney-St Mary’s [1841], Carrickmacross Union Workhouse [1842: Children’s wing], Castle Leslie [1846: Leslie family offered stirabout & turnips to anyone seeking food in the courtyard], Clones [1842: The only part of the building to survive was the fever hospital which continued in use until 1966. It subsequently became a veterinary unit for a meat processing company], Lisnaskea [1843: Inmates starved to death on cornmeal, childrens ward, stonebreaking, fever hospitals at Brookborough & Derrylin. Male inmates forced to bury the dead in mass graves. Girls 14-18 packed on coffin ships to New South Wales & Western Australia],Co Tyrone / Tir Eoghain [Tir: Land + Owen: Sun Honey] / Ruan [Red Alder]: Omagh General Hospital [The city is the administrative center of County Tyrone. 1843: Board of Guardians met at courthouse], Tullyhogue [Ancient court near Dungannon], Dungannon [1842-1910: Childrens’ ward, Fever Hospital, Graveyard, Cemetary, Shiel’s Institute Almshouses, Rectory],Strabane [Marquis of Abercorn. Inmates starved on buttermilk, oatmeal gruel, rotted beef heads. Those who refused to work given 12 lashes from a whip. Running away from the workhouse: no milk for two weeks. Other punishments: solitary confinment, cold baths], Castlederg [1841-1929: built by John MacGuire of Omagh], Clogher [1842-1948: Bodies seperated by Christian denominations in graveyard. 1849: Bulley’s Acre graveyard at Ballymagowan Bridge. 1916: William Coote MP converts it into a woolen factory], Cookstown [1842-1948: Fever hospital, graveyard. WWII food rationing done from workhouse], Gortin Union Workhouse [1842-1886: At Mount Saint Patrick. Now Saint Patrick’s Roman Catholic Church. First Workhouse Master Daniel McFarland. Fever Hospital the Presbyterian manse], |
| Waterford Corporation / Marquess of Waterford Co Armagh / Emain Macha: Crow’s Height | Armagh Workhouse, Lurgan [Co. Armagh. inmates fed rotting scraps of beef], Londonderry Workhouse [1846: Marquess of Waterford supplied £300 for the free distribution of soup on his County Londonderry property], |
| Donegal Corporation sub Dublin Corporation / Lord Aran: Viscount Earl Sudley | Co. Antrim: Belfast Charity Society Workhouse-Clifton Poorhouse & Infirmary for the town & parish of Belfast [This city is the capital of Northern Ireland. Belfast Charitable Society recently celebrated its 250th anniversary. 1771: Lands donated by Lord Arthur, Earl of Donegal. 1841: Belfast Union Workhouse at New Lisburn Turnpike toll road. Fever ward, infirmary, brickworks, yard, school for 1300 children. WWI: Army barracks] Co Donegal / Tir Connail [Conn’s Land]: Grianan Aileach: Sun House [Lugh’s tomb & Conn’s house: stone fort between Lough Swilly & River Foyle], Ballyshannon-Saint Mary’s Roman Catholic Church [Graveyard, Mortuary, Infectious disease hospital], Donegal Workhouse [starved by Lord Aran. Donegal Quay exported 2000 lbs grain daily, inmates lived in complete filth with open sewers. moonlight burials of fevered corpses. destroyed in 1847], Dunfanaghy [1843: Board of Guardians inaugural meeting August 31st 1841: Chairman Alexander Stewart of Ards, Vice-Chairman William Ramsay. Now a museum with soup pans], Glenties Workhouse [1844], Inishowen-Cardonagh District Hospital [1845], Letterkenny District Hospital [1841], Milford [1845: Burial Ground, Mortuary], Stranorlar Workhouse [1844: Mullandr above Lifford Rd. Burial Ground behind Infectious Disease Hospital. Operating through 1901 census] Co. Cavan / Cavanagh: Caomhánach / Breifni: Baileyborough-Baileborough [1841-1922: Mortuary], Ballymancy, Belturbet [Railway station built 1885], Bawnboy Workhouse [Closed 1921], Cootehill [1841-1917] |
| Norway [Norge / Thule] | |
| Folkemord [People Murder] Watson Norsk, Jens Tellefson 300 BC: Greek Explorer Pytheas (pronounced PIHTH ee uhs) sailed around the British Isles & enters the North Sea, mentioning a land called Thule (pronounced THOO lee), believed to be Norway. – World Book Encyclopedia © 1998 Volunteer Legion Norwegen / 23rd Waffen SS Skijegerbataljon ‘Norge’: 1150 man reinforced battalion supported by Nobel-Prize winning author, Knut Hamsun. His son decorated with the Iron Cross, second class Operation Weserübung: NAZI authorities occupy Norway, impose martial law | Bredtvet [Oslo boarding school turned into a concentration camp] SS-Strafgefangenenlager Falstad [Levanger, Norway boarding school converted into a prison camp . Forced labor of political prisoners within Nazi-occupied territories. Executions in the forest just outside. Run by the GeStaPo under SS-Hauptscharführer Gogol & Hans Lambrecht, a prison guard known among the prisoners as Gråbein: Greyleg. Prisoners from Norway, Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Denmark, Poland. Norwegian Jews deported to Auschwitz. 202+ exhumed bodies. Now a museum on human rights] Grini [Oslo. Main concentration camp run by the KDS Kommandeur Der Sicherheitspolizei: Security Police] Norvik [Sea port receiving iron ore. Hitler lay explosives in the coastal waters to prevent England from cutting off shipments. Norwegian resistance workers destroy shipment of heavy water, a substance needed in the production of an atomic bomb, headed for Germany.] Telemark [German Nuclear research program] Trondheim / Nidaros [Sør-Trøndelag county in mid-Norway, by the mouth of the river Nidelven. Third largest city seized by German Forces & renamed Drontheim. ’The Nazis also contemplated a scheme to build a new 250,000 people city, Neu-Drontheim, centered 15 km southeast of Trondheim, near the village of Øysand in the outskirts of Melhus municipality. The new city—northern capital of a germanized Scandinavia—was meant to house the future German main naval base of the North Atlantic region, & would be the largest of all German naval bases.’] Alterfjord /Lte Fjord Badderboten / Badderen Bakkeby Djupytk Forsoel Grammelser Hammerfest Hatten Karsjok Kirkenes Kvalsund Laxelv Nordkap Nordreisen Oxelv Rexsevarre Rotsuna / Rotsundelv Ryppertofjord |
| Nasjonal Samling Lebensborn [Spring of Life] 1935: Racially pure young girls raped by SS officers. Children given to SS nurseries for education & adoption to SS. Kidnapping of children in eastern occupied countries who match the racial criteria of blond hair, blue eyes, etc.... to be Germanized. Children who refuse exterminated. – Heinrich Himmler: Lebensborn | Baerum [Pejorative terms tyskerunger: children of Germans, naziyngel: Nazi offspring, krigsbarn: war children], Berg, Gneisenau, Scharnhorst, Tromsdalen, Ulven [15 nursery centers called Lebensborn homes took care of the babies & their Norwegian mothers. After the war: torture, physical, psychological violence: addressed by numbers instead of names. Rettsoppgjöret: Post-war treason trials. Norwegian SS locked in stone fortresses, kept on starvation rations for 4-8 years.] |
| Oman [Sheba / Saba] | |
| Sultanate 1960: Sultanate of Oman Air Force Juniors Pipe Band tartan produced – The Complete Book of Tartan, Iain Zaczek & Charles Phillips, Hermes House, Anness Publishing Ltd, London: 88-89 Blackfriars Rd, © 2004. ISBN: 0681643013 | Part of the ancient kingdom of Sheba a.k.a Saba which included Ethiopia and part of Yemen. |
| Pakistan: Land of the Pure [British India] | |
| Slavery Land of the Pure in Sindhi, Urdu & Persian. Consists of: Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan & Kohistan 1905: Bengal State partitioned by Lord George Nathanial Curzon, Marquess of Kedleston, Viceroy of India. Millions of Indians die in a famine, Curzon does nothing 1902-1909: Commando Leader Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, Earl of Khartoum & of Broome organizes the Bengal Army, Madras Army & Bombay Army 1947: British India split into India & Pakistan at Punjab: Land of the five rivers. The five Indus tributaries: Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej & Beas. There is no free speech in Pakistan. Blasphemy is a capital offense subject to hanging. | Damadola [U.S.A Predator drone’s 6 missiles destroy three houses. Parliament member Haroon Rashed documents 18 civilians killed. ‘Mohammed Rahim, 70, owner of one of the destroyed houses, wailed that several in his family had been killed. I can’t feed my own family. How could I afford to be hosting Zorayi? he said, mispronouncing Zawahiri’s name.’ – Sami Yousafzai, Mark Hosenball, Zahid Hussain, Periscope: Al Qaeda , Newsweek, January, 23, 2006], Lahore [Country’s cultural center. Indus Valley Civilization. 4500 –4000 BC disappearing without apparent cause Writing undeciphered. British Archaeologists excavate Harappa downstream & Mohenjo-Daro: Mound of the Dead at Larkana. They estimate the Aryans arrived a thousand years later from Punjab with the sanatana dharma], Sind [Indus is river flowing through the Great Indian Desert: Thar & is compared to the Nile. The Greeks dropped the first letter & referred to everything east of the Sind as Ind or India], Karachi [Pakistan’s biggest city. 30 million mohajirs: (refugees in Urdu) from India. Wall Street Journalist Daniel Pearl’s abduction & beheading in 2002 documented in the film A Mighty Heart.] |
| Palau [Caroline Islands / Micronesia] | |
| War 1885: Spain. 1899: Germany 1918: League of Nations Mandate given to Japan 1944: United States forces capture Peleliu. 1947-1994: United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under USA. 1978: Self-government agreement divides islands into two groups – the Palau Islands & the Federated States of Micronesia. [Truk Islands, Yap Islands, Kosrae, Pohnpei] 1986: Federated States independence 1994: Palau Islands renamed Palau. Independance. | Archipelago of 930+ islands just north of the equator, between the Marshall Islands & the Philippines. The people of Palau & the Federated States of Micronesia control their internal & foreign affairs. But the United States must defend the islands in emergencies. |
| Panama [Tierra Firme: Firm Land] | |
| Genocidió 1513: Invaded by Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa (pronounced VAHS koh NOO nyayth day bal BOH uh) 1700: Bogotá the capital city of The Viceroyalty of New Granada contained the areas that are now: Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, & Panama. 1819: Simon Bolivar defeats Spain. Panama becomes part of Gran Columbia: Columbia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador. Own nation by 1830 2007: France has requested extradition through the Geneva Concvention of USA Prisoner of War Manuel Noriega, accused of laundering millions of dollars in drug proceeds through French banks. | Aruacas invaded, enslaved in Venezuela. Portobelo [1555: Sir Francis Drake, a slave trader in the Carribean, destroys it]. Panama became a center for the distribution of black African slaves in the New World. | Paraguay [La Plata: Silver Viceroyalty] |
| Reducciones [Reductions] 1527-1529: Sebastian Cabot, son of John Cabot invades Rio de la Plata, Parana & Paraguay rivers looking for a white king whose realm was supposed to be rich in silver. 1776: Paraguay part of the Spanish Colony: Viceroyalty of La Plata. 1814-1840: Jose Gaspar Rodriguez de Francia 1840-1862: Carlos Antonio Lopez Luiz Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias (1803-1880) In 1866 Caxias leads operations against Paraguay called the War of the Triple Alliance. 60%+ of the population of Paraguay is decimated 1840-1871: Francisco Solano Lopez 1871-1932: 30+ presidents in power. 1932-1938: Dispute over Chaco territory with Bolivia. 1989: Dictator Alfredo Stroessner removed from power. Colorado Party in power. | (pron PAHR-ah-GWY) 1588-1767: Jesuit Order mission settlements for the Guarani called reducciones. Reducciones exported cotton, tobacco, yerba mate, hides, & wood under armed guard. By the 1730s, the Jesuits had built about 30 reducciones with a total population of about 140,000. Paraguay Home of the Guarani. Books, newspapers, & magazines published in Guarani & Spanish. Most Paraguayans are very poor. Legal system described as inefficient by Professor Brett D. Wallach. |
| Peru | |
| Genocidió 1541: Spanish soldiers kill Incan rulers Manco & Sayri Tupac; kill each other for gold & kill Pizarro. Titu Cusí & son Tupac Amaru: Shining Serpent in Quecha go to war. 1550 AD: Peruvian Inquisition: Inca Empire that extends from Panama to Chile demolished under Spanish King Phillip II & Queen Mary I Bloody Mary of England. 30+ million killed, only 1.3 million remain. Moche people: pyramids 1700: Bogotá becomes the capital city of The Viceroyalty of New Granada which contained the areas that are now: Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, & Panama. 18th Century: Great Rebellion in the Andes: Under Tupac Amaru II 1824: Independance. First president Simon Bolivar. Languages: Spanish, Quecha | Lima [1541: Spanish establish their capital here. 1556: Inquisition Museum contains punishment cells. Sacred books burnt under Diego de LLanda. Ratline home of SS Friedrich Schenk, Operation Bernhard: Forger of British Currency for the Reich Effort, Odessa: an organization of NAZI war criminals.], Vilcabamba [1572: Francisco de Toledo sends an envoy. Inca soldiers murder him & desert the city. The citadel according to a missonaries have secret rites by the Virgins of the Sun, who worship a fabulous golden disc], Machu Picchu [Inca fortress. Amautas responsible for communicating history. Family divinities are the huacas, sacred boulders. Ocarina flute] |
| Phillipines: Spanish King Phillip | |
| Genocidió 3000 B.C: Malays from Indonesia & Malaysia settle 1521: Fernao de Magalhaes a.k.a Ferdinand Magellan killed by islanders. 1565: General Miguel Lopez de Legaspi names it after King Phillip II of Spain & Queen Mary I Bloody Mary of England. 1896: Emilio Aguinaldo, chief of the Katipunan, becomes the leader of the revolutionary forces, sails to Hong Kong. 1898: Spanish-American War USA seizes. US Military Governor: Elwell Stephen Otis 1900: US Military Governor: Arthur MacArthur III 1901: William Howard Taft sets up colonial government. Aguinaldo captured. WWII: Japan vs USA 1946: Independance 1949-1954: Huks want land for poor farmers. 1965-1987: Ferdinand Marcos: Martial Law: 1972-1981. 1983: Benigno S. Aquino Jr. assassinated. Marcos’ commission acquits accused assasins. 1986: Marcos wins election against Widow Corazon Aquino. Roman Catholic Bishops hint at election fraud 1987: Marcos, family & some supporters airlifted out of the Philippines by U.S. Air Force after mass demonstrations. 1989: Marcos dies, believed to have stolen millions. – World Book Encyclopedia © 1998 | Luzon Island [1898: Battle of Manila: Manila the capital. 1899: Manila Slaughter: 3,000+ corpses line the streets according to the Chicago Tribune. 1900: Military Governor Arthur MacArthur claims no POW status for captured guerilla fighters. 15 Filipinos killed for every one wounded. 1902: Batanga Province burned by General J. Franklin Bell, Areas outside the concentration camps called dead zones. 1941-1944: WWII Japanese troops vs Generals Douglas MacArthur & Wainwright. Naval base], Bataan Peninsula [1941: Bataan Death March: General Douglas MacArthur withdraws malnutritioned-diseased troops. 75,000 troops surrender to the Japanese, forced to march 65 miles to prison camps], Corregidor Island [Some US Troops survived until May 6, 1941. By then the Japanese were victorious everywhere.], Mindoro [Northern Island. coconuts, rice, mahogany], Mactan [April 27, 1521 Ferdinand Magellan killed by islanders. Ship Concepcion abandoned], Palawan, Visayan Islands [7000 islands: Samar: 1901: Balangiga Massacre: In retaliation for an attack on Company C lead by Thomas Connell & Lt E.C. Bumpus, USA Brigadier General Jacob Hurd Smith orders all Filiipinos over the age of 10 to be shot dead on site. Littleton Waller burns 255 villages in 11 days. Political cartoon appears in the New York Journal May 5, 1902. Now copper polution, Negros: copper, sugar & tobacco, Panay: coconut & sugarcane, Leyte: 1944: US vs Japan, Cebu: copper, rice, sugarcane, tobacco, coconuts, Bohol, Masbate: gold mining], Mindanao [1635: Spaniards built a fort at Zamboanga. City a center for Muslim culture & chief port, but Davao now holds that position. Fruit plantations], Sulu Archipelago [400 islands that stretch to Borneo. They speak the Malayan language called Sulu] |
| Poland: Plain in Slavic [West Prussia / Galizia: Love] | |
| Voivod Pomorskie / Pomerania / Pommern Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 012: KL Stutthof-Sztutowo Koncentrák AEG Org Todt. Teutonic Order SA Gauleiter Danzig: Albert Förster (hung) Executed: SS Oberscharführer Ewald Foth, Alfred Nikolaysen, Johann Pauls, Albert Paulitz, Hans Rach & Josef Reiter, SS Oberaufseherinen Gerda Steinhoff, SS Aufseherinen Jan Breit, Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Elizabeth Becker, Wanda Klaff, & Ewa Paradies, SS Hauptsturmführer Theodor Meyer, SS Unterscharführer Kurt Dietrich & Fritz Peters, Waclaw Kozlowski, Fanciszek Szopinski, Tadeusz Kopczynski, SS Rottenführeren Karl Eggert, Paul Wellnitz, & Karl Zurell Life Sentence: SS Hauptscharführeren Willi Buth & Erich Thun 15 Year Sentences:SS Hauptsturmführeren Albert Weckmüller & Wilhelm Vogler 12 Year Sentences:SS Unterscharführer Eduard Zerlin, SS Hauptscharführer: Otto Haupt 10 Year Sentences:SS Obersturmführer Karl Meinck, SS Oberscharführer Adolf Klaffke, SS Unterscharführeren Willy Witt, Emil Wenzel, Josef Stahl, Kurt Reduhn, Otto Schneider, Horst Köpke, Oskar Gottchau, Fritz Glawe, SS Hauptscharführeren Erich Jassen & Gustav Eberle, SS Scharführeren Rudolf Berg, Emil Lascheit & Otto Welke, SS Rottenführeren Adolf Grams & Werner Wöllnitz, SS Hauptsturmführer: Werner Hoppe 8 Year Sentences:SS Scharführeren: Karl Reger, Josef Wennhardt, Martin Stage, SS Unterscharführeren: Johannes Görtz & Adalbert Wolter 5 Year Sentences: SS Hauptscharführer Johann Lichtner, SS Oberscharführer Erich Mertens, SS Scharführeren: Hermann Link, Heinz Löwen & Martin Pentz, SS Unterscharführeren Erich Stampniok & Gustav Kautz, SS Obersturmführer Waldemar Henke, SS Sturmscharführer Johannes Wall, SS Rottenführeren: Johann Pfister, Alfred Tissler & Ernst Thulke, SS Aufseherinen Erna Beilhardt 4 Year Sentences: SS Scharführeren Nikolaus Dirnberger & Friedrich Tessmer, SS Unterscharführeren: Harry Müller & Johann Sporer, SS Sturmscharführer: Hans Möhrke, SS Hauptscharführer Richard Timm 3 Year Sentences: Kazimierz Kowalski, SS Scharführeren: Anton Kniffke, Hugo Ziehm & Walter Englert, Nikolai Klawan, SS Unterscharführer Karl - Otto Knott, SS Hauptsturmführer Christof Schwarz, SS Rottenführer Richard Akolt 7 Month Sentences: SS Hauptscharführer Richard Wohlfeil, SS Oberscharführeren Leopold Baumgartner, Bernard Eckermann, Walter Ringewald & Johann Wrobel, SS Unterscharführer Emil Paul, SS Rottenführeren Gustav Brodowski & Ernst Knappert | In the town of Sztutowo 34 km from Gdansk city. Crematorium & gas chambers expanded in 1943 for Endlösung: The Final Solution Estimated dead 85,000+. SS Hauptsturmführer Dr Otto Heidl committed suicide & SS Hauptsturmführer Dr Willy Jobst was executed by the Americans. KL Bottschin / Bocion KL Chorabie-Kiobia / Cieszyny-Gdansk KL Danzig-Burggraben-Kokoschken / Danzig-Neufahrwasser / Danzigerwerf / Gdansk-Kokokszki N. Poland Baltic Seaport Town. 1308 AD: Administered by the Teutonic Knights. Herta Bothe concentration camp guard who death marched prisoners to Bergen-Belsen in 1945. Prisoners murdered using phenol injections to the heart. Museum has the utensils, surgical bed & needles. A ring of symbolic stones mark the holocaust stake. A 500 metre walk through the forest, to an excavated mass grave. Jews executed by firing squads, their bodies then burnt on funeral pyres. Children under 13. not admitted. KL Dzimianen / Dziemiany KL Gotenhafen-Gdingen / Gdynia WWI battle. 1945: Baltic Sea mass grave for drowned people on torpedoed refugee ships, sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff remains the worst maritime disaster of all time, killing 9,000+ people. 2005: Russian scientists found over 5,000 airplane wrecks, sunken warships lying in the bottom of the sea. Gerdenau Stutthof SK-III: Graudenz / Grudziadz SS Aufseherin Jenny Wanda Barkmann, Beautiful Specter, tortured people to death, selected women & children for the gas chambers. Arrested in May 1945 while trying to leave a train station in Gdansk. At the Stutthof Trial she is said to have flirted with her prison guards & was apparently seen arranging her hair while hearing testimony. She was publicly hanged on July 4, 1946, on Biskupia Gorka Hill near Gdansk Gründorf: Greentown / Krogulno-Rawicz [Oppeln, Prussia] Grodno / Gudohaj Gutowo Koncentrák Gsdyn Jessu Kokoschken Koncentrák KZ Kolkau Female Concentration Camp Krzemieniewo Lauenburg / Lebork: Middle Pomerania. Commander Ewa Paradies arrested by Polish officers in Lauenburg, May 1945 At the Stutthof trial, several witnesses told of Paradies abuse. One told the court, ‘She forced a group of women prisoners, in the dead of winter to undress. Then she poured icy water over them. If they moved then she would beat them.’ Paradies was found guilty of murder, hanged on Biskupia Gorka Hill near Gdansk Malken-Malki / Mierzynek Natz / Nawitz, KZ Niesky / Niskie Brodno Piasnica Koncentrák [60,000 Polish & Kashub inteligentsia killed by Albert Förster] |
| Voivod Zachodnio-Pomorskie / Pommern KZ Elbing / Elblag-Stettin / Szczecin | N. Poland Baltic seaport town capital of province |
| Voivod Kujawsko-Pomorskie / Kuyavia-Pomerania KL Thorn-Torun / Rosenberg Koncentrák AEG Org Todt Obersturmbannführer: Commander Max Pauly And We Shall Know Him... His name is Thorn – Halloween 5 1266: Teutonic Order Castle | 135 mi/220 km northwest of Warsaw in Torun, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship. Latin documents spell the city. Thorun, civitas Torunensis. Means mouth of the river Vistula. Außlager: Satellite Camps: Bromberg / Bydgoszcz [30 km away. 85,000+ dead, 200 gassed in one month], Rippin [Bydgoszcz Province Einsatzgrüppen liquidated], Poschetzau / Bozicany, Scherokopas / Szerrokopas,Schiffenbeil / Zdunska-Wola Serappen / Obrzycko KZ Prault-Praust / Pruszcz Gdanski[Aerodrome] Sophienwalde / Myszyna, Stolp-Sluspk / SlipskStargard / Starorod |
| Voivod Lubuskie Hollerith Arbeitseinsatz 004: KL Groß-Rosen / Rogoznica Koncentrák D.E.S.T, Dierig Chemical, Shoenman Werke Aircraft & Famo-Werke Motorcraft Chief Wardress Jane Bernigau has never been prosecuted. | Camp known for its huge stone quarry & its brutal treatment of NN (Nacht und Nebel) prisoners. A total of over 500 female camp guards trained, which at its height in 1944, contained up to sixty little camps around eastern Germany & Poland. Außenlager; Subcamps: Bad Warmbrunn / Cieplice [Dorries-Fuellner], Berndorf / Bernartice [Jute], Brieg / Brzeg [Aerodrome], Bunslau / Boleslawiec, Aslau, Bolkenhain, Dornhau, Dyhernfurth [Lubranil Society], Erlenbusch, Eule, Faulbruk [Armament inspection], Frierland, Fürstenstein-Schmiedenberg, Gadersdorf [Barthel Co], Gassen, Gebhardsdorf [Female Camp aviation], Görlitz [Female Camp], Graben [Female Camp], Granefort, Hartmanndorf [Walker Co], Hundsfeld, Kaltwasser [Weiden & Pertersil], Larche [Lingen Firm], Ludwigsdorf [Female Camp. Dynamite], Lehmwasser-Tannhausen, Marzbachtal [Weiden & Pertersil], Marzdorf, Mittelsteine, Niesky Klein Radisch, Oberalsstadt, Oberwustegiersdorf, Peterswaldau [Diehl & Ferd Co.], Reichenbach, Risznow, Schlesiersee Schanzenbau, Seuferwassergraben, Schotterwok, Striegau, Wolsberg, , Christianstadt / Krzystkoce, Gellenau [Dierig Firm: 1,500 female prisoners], Grünberg / Zielona Gora [High Silesia], Gruschwitz / Kruszwice [Female Labor Camp], Neusalz / Krusca, Halbstadt-Mezimesti [Messap Co. Colony]. Hirschberg / Jelenia Gara, Hohenelbe / Wrszlabi, Kittlitztrebben / Kotlicki Trebin, Kratzau / Chrastava [Kratzau I & Kratzau II], Kursbach-Landeshut / Kamienogora , Langenbielau / Lielawa-Bielawa [Telefunken, Krijpp, Goldschmitt], Leszno / Lissa, Markstadt -Laskowitz [Krupp. Disciplinary Camp], Peritz [Labor camp at Bunzlau / Boleslawiec], Prausnitz / Prusnica, Parschnitz / Prici-Porici, Swiebodzice [Ksià Castle during the World War II, together with the underground cave complex, expanded to create Adolf Hitler’s private quarters], Waldenburg / Walbrzych [I.G Farben]. Wustegierdorf / Giercze Puste [Bahnhof: Train Station] |
| Voivod Wielkopolskie KL Posen / Poznan Koncentrák Teutonic Order Komturia Capital of the Reichsgau Wartheland under Nazi occupation. Hauptsturmführer: Hermann Kackmann. Kommandant: Else Ehrich [death sentence] Hildegard Lachert, the prisoners nicknamed Blutige Brigide: Bloody Brigide Karl Koch Max Koegel Herman Florsted Martin Weiss Arthur Liebehenschel Dr Heinrich Schmidt Hermine Braunsteiner | A plague known as St. Anthony’s Fire killed 1/3 of the population. During the Black Death of 1385 King Wladislaus II married Jadwiga, daughter of Louis I of Hungary. Dominican Order authorized murder of the Jews. Their flimsy excuse was that the Jews of Poznan had coerced a Christian woman to steal three hosts which were then desecrated. 13 rabbis rack-tortured, burned at the stake. Poznan Jews then required to pay an annual fine to the Dominican church until the eighteenth century. WWII Jewish existed for only 3 months. At Red Army’s advance, staff destroyed documents, set fire to the buildings & crematorium, but failed to destroy the gas chambers & barracks. Only 111 of the thirteen hundred staff members of the camp were brought to trial after the war. |
| Voivod Dolnoslaskie / Silesia Allgemeine Waffen SS Hauptsturmführer: Amon Leopold Göth found by the Allies at Bad Tolz Mental Institution, pleaded not guilty at trial & was hanged by the Supreme National Tribunal of Poland. Concerning the punishment of Fascist-Hitlerite criminals guilty of murder & ill-treatment of the civilian population & of prisoners of war, & the punishment of traitors to the Polish Nation, as amended by the Decree of 16th February, 1945.United Nations War Crimes Commission. “Apart from denying certain facts & trying to throw the blame upon others or diminish the extent & gravity of the crimes alleged, the accused pleaded that he was only carrying out orders & instructions received from his superiors, which he had to obey as a military person. He also contended that the penalties he was inflicting upon the inmates; including putting them to death, were within his disciplinary jurisdiction as commandant of the camp, & were in accordance with the German regulations in force. The accused raised also the defence that his acts were legal because they were based on military necessity. Finally, one of the defending Counsel submitted that the Decree of 31st August, 1944, was not applicable to the accused in view of his German nationality, as it provided only for punishment of Polish subjects who committed offences against their own co-nationals. This plea could not, however, be upheld in view of the fact that, according to Article 3 para. 1, of the Polish Criminal Code, the Polish Criminal law is applicable to all persons, irrespective of their nationality, who committed a crime on the territory of the Polish State.” | (pron. sih LEE zhuh) SW Poland, E Germany, N Czech Republic. Upper Oder River Valley & the Sudeten Mountains Katowice & Wroclaw, Poland the main cities KL Plaszow / Plazow KoncentrákForced labor camp near Kraków [Breslau-Wroclaw-Vratislav. In Silesia on the Oder River] constructed by Amon Leopold Göth featured in Schindler’s List. SS-Sturmbannführer Willi Haase orders a list of 4000 ghetto inmates for deportation. 7000 Jews deported, 600 shot, home for the aged & orphanage liquidated. Göth executed 2000+ people alone from the ghetto in one day. Göth’s wife gave an interview in the &1980s & then committed suicide after telling daughter Monica she was just like her fatherSurvivor Helen, a young kitchen worker in the home overlooking Plazow, remembers the wife turning the stereo up when Götz shot people] Plazow I: Bierznow, Plazow II: Plaszow, Plazow III: Biesiadka, Plazow IV: Huta-Komarowska, Plazow V: Kosirce, Plazow VI: Krakov, Plazow VII: Mielec, Plazow VIII: Wielczka, Plazow IX: Zakopane KZ Szebnie [Near Jazlo. Göth shut down the concentration camp ordering the inmates to be murdered on the spot. Stole many millions of zloties worth of valuables], KZ Tarnow [Göth killed an unknown number of people on the spot. Others died through asphyxiation during transport by rail or were exterminated in other camps, in particular at Auschwitz.] |
| Voivod Opolskie / Silesia | Varsovie [Ghetto liquidated. Camp installed on the ruins], Pustkow, Poniatowa, Schmotlz, Annaberg / Anny [GeStaPo transit camp] |
| Voivod Slaskie / Upper Silesia | Bystom, Katowice, Zawoja |
| Voivod Podkarpackie / Galizia: Love | Zagorze, Kroscienko, Janowitz-Janowice-Urchtovy-Janówska |
| Vovoid Swietokrzyskie | Radzillow [1942: 3000 Revolt. 1,500 killed. 1,500 escape to in the forests, Another 3.500+ mass murdered in Palmiry, Warsaw, Firlej, Wincentynów near Radom & in the Blizin forest near Kielce], KZ Radom [100 km W. of Warsaw. Mens & womens camp for Steiner & Steyr-Daimler firms. August 1942: City Deportations. Alfred Lipson “A few days later a young man came back. He had found a hiding place after the train stopped at Treblinka. He hid under the train by the wheels. He grabbed my coat by the lapels & with a frightened look in his eyes he said, I was there, I was there. They were all gassed. I wouldn’t listen. ...I tried to get away from him. What he was telling me was completely unbelievable. It couldn’t penetrate my mind. The man ran to other people We didn’t want to listen’], KL Skarzysko-Kamienna [40 km au SW of Radom. Skarzysko A, Skarzysko B & Skarzysko C], Kielce Ghetto [Leo Machtingier recalls NAZIs seperating people into two groups, shooting the unemployed. Survivors forced to dig a grave & dump the corpses in. “There were five hundred, maybe six hundred, laid out like herring’.] |
| Voivod Lodzkie KZ Litzmannstadt / Kalisz-Lódz Koncentrák Polen-Jugenverwahrlag [Polish Children Camp] Poland’s second largest city walled off by barbed wire. Aktion Gehsperre: SS Leader Hans Biebow (executed) ’s curfew, ban on movement forcibly signed by Judenälteste, Chaim Rumkowski King Chaim [later taken to Auschwitz] Clay puppet Mr Bill is sent to a psychiatrist when he is discovered drinking rye in an allyway with grafitti saying No Bills. Dr. I. M. Häns puts him under hypnosis & asks if he had any bad childhood memories. Mr Bill remembers his father was decapitated in Sluggoville. Häns asks if he had trouble during the holidays or a bad Christmas. Mr Bill recalls Sluggo dressed as Santa bringing a train that crushed him. Mr Bill is asked if he has any nightmares. Mr Bill sees himself flushed down a toilet & a circle of hands saying Sieg Heil. Mr Bill is taken out of hypnosis, told he has hands paranoia & is given a lobotomy by associate Dr. Sluggo. – Walter Williams, Mr Bill Gets Help, Saturday Night Live, NBC: National Broadcasting Company: USA: 1979 | (pron. looj, wooj or lahdz) Camp to exterminate Polish children who could not be Germanized. The ghetto had an Arbeitsressorte: industrial complex inside creating a $14,000,000 profit. 12-hour days, producing garments, wood, metalwork, electronics for the German military. Children forced into extermination trucks. Others thrown from windows to their death. Human experiments, organ harvesting at Kochanowka Hospital by Dr Carl Hans Heinze Sennhenn & Dr Werner Villinger (Philipps-Universität Marburg, & later WFMH: World Federation of Mental Health Chairman who throws himself off a cliff in 1961 when he goes on trial in Limberg for war crimes). Eve of WW II population of 665,000, population in May 1944, 77 thousand. 1944: Himmler orders the Einsatzgrüppen: Death Commandos. 900 people hide in the ruins. City declared Judenrein: Free of Jews |
| Voivod Mazowieckie / Masovia KL Warshau / Pawiak-Warsaw Koncentrák Watson Büromaschinen GmbH 24 Kreuz, punch-card technology used by the Nazis to organize the Polish railways & make the trains run on time to Auschwitz & Treblinka as well as categorization. Print shop for the punch cards at 6 Rymarska Street across the street from the Warsaw Ghetto. The welfare office punchcards were sent to the new expanded sorting office in Lichterfeld | Warsaw: Built by the Tsar in 1829. Used as a transfer camp to Siberia. After Poland regained independence in 1918 it became the main prison for male criminals. Female prison was G´siówka. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939 it was turned into a German GeStaPo prison & then part of the KL Warshau: Warsaw Ghetto. 37,000+ shot to death, disease, forced labor, starvation, 60,000+ death marched to other camps. April 1943: A revolt took place in the ghetto under Mordecai Anielecz when SS Death Heads General Juergen Stroop (tried & hanged in Warsaw in 1951) attempted to raze the ghetto & deport them Treblinka. The train consisted of 60 closed freight cars fully loaded with people including babies. By the time the cars got to Treblinka many had died of chlorine gas. July 30, 1944 Wilhelm Koppe Goecke orders the camp liquidated. 2000 men & 400 women sent to Groß-Rosen & Ravensbrück, remaining prisoners shot & the buildings blown up. |
| Voivod Warminsko-Mazurskie / Warmia-Mazuria [Landkreis Osterode: Ostpreußen: East Prussia] F.H.Q Wolfshanze [Death’s Head] SS-Begleitkommando The attempt on Hitler’s life, part of the plot called Walkuere: Valkyrie, July 20, 1944: Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg & Werner von Haeften, carry briefcases with hidden British made 975 gr. heavy bombs from Berlin to Rastenburg. Stauffenberg’s bomb detonated while he was out for a phone call, he escaped with Haeften & car driver Leutenant Erich Kretz to the Wilhelmsdorf airport. 7 died. The heavy wooden table together with the fact that the pressure of the bomb could escape through the opened windows protected the Fuehrer. – Wolfshanze | Hohenstein-Olsztynek [1351: Teutonic Order Castle. 1927: Hitler’s Reichsehrenmal Tannenberg memorial destroyed in 1945 after the coffins of Paul von Hindenburg & his wife were removed], Wolfshanze Sperrkreis I / II / III: Rastenburg-Ketrzyn [Goerlitz Forerst, Masurian Lake District. Summer of 1940 road from Rastenburg to Angerburg-Wegorzewo. Train station used for the train Fuehrersonderzug Amerika & after 1941 no civilian use was being made of the railroadline anymore. Double apron barbed wire fence & mine fields. Camps Administered by the Fuehrer Begleit Bataillon]. Grossgarten / Pozezdrze [Across the Mauersee. Heinrich Himmler’s Hochwald] |
| Voivod Podlaskie | Bialystok [June 28, 1941: Red Friday: NAZI’s burn the city. 1000+ Jews forced into the synagogue & killed. Orders issued that any Jewish person in Poland found outside a ghetto will be shot. In August 1943 Jews rebel against the NAZI’s in the Bialystok Ghetto & shot to death] |
| Voivod Malopolskie: Little Poland / Galizia: Love Kraków Famo-Werke Kraków: Head of the Reich’s Statistical Office 24 Murnerstrasse, where a 500 man Hollerith Gruppe tabulate punchcard results for the rate of death by starvation per square kilometer 1266: Papal nuncio Guido authorized theft of Jewish real-estate, one synagogue per town, mandatory red badge, banned from public view during Christian holidays & excommunication for those inviting Jewish people to parties 1407: Riot of Kraków Priest Budek has Jews killed, property destroyed & their children baptized | (pron. guh LIHSH ee uh) N. of the Carpathian Mountains from the Vistula / Wisla River Valley (pron VEE swah) to Dnestr River Valley. Krakow, Poland (Western Galicia) & Lvov, Ukraine (Eastern Galicia) are the principal cities of Galicia Bochnia Ghetto [Kraków. In 1942 12 year old Leo Fischelberg watched children rounded up by NAZI’s & loaded into open trucks from his hiding place. NAZI’s shot the grieving mothers with machine guns] |
| Jugenverwahrlag [Children Camp] | Dzierzazna, Kalish |
| Marienberger Komturia | Stalag XX B: Marienburg-Malborg / Malbork [1210 Teutonic Order Castle. Short for Stamlager: Mannschaftsstamm und -straflager: A term used for Prisoner-of-War Camps. At each Stalag the German Army set up sub-camps called Arbeitskommando to hold prisoners in the vicinity of specific work locations. The sub-camps were administered by the parent Stalag, which maintained personnel records & collected mail. Officers held in separate camps called Oflag. Marlag: Navy personnel], Briesen Leipe/Zedlitz, Marienwerder/Kwidzyn / Kwydzin [West Prussia. Site of the Teutonic Order Castle built in 1309. Now a television factory for Royal Philips Electronics] Stalag Luft III Sagen / Zagan [Near Silesia. Flying personnel POW camp. The Great Escape: March 24, 1944, 76 Allied prisoners escaped through a 110 m long tunnel. 73 were recaptured within two weeks. 50 of them were executed by order of Hitler] |
| Polenlager [Polish People Camps] 440 of these camps, where at least 1.5 million Poles were set to hard labor. Many of these camps were transient in nature, being opened & closed according to the labour needs of the occupiers. - Wikipedia | Gorzyce-Gorzyczki [Silesia. It operated on the base of the Fryderyk mine facilities in 1942—1945. Mass grave. Transport depot at Lesna street, Gorzyce, holds a memorial plaque, Polenlager Katscher / Kietrz, Breslau Durrogoy [GeStaPo Camp: March 1933- July1934] |
| Ludobójstwo [People Extermination] VL Vernichtungslanger: Extermination Camp AEG Todt: Teutonic Order Death Camps 1939: Blitzkrieg: Lightening War: Invasion of Poland. All Jewish banking accounts frozen, schools closed, deportations, house arrests, street raids & Jewish Councils set up. 1941: yellow identity cards issued. Death penalty all who shelter the Jews or keep their belongings. One, two, Freddy’s coming for you The Final Solution: Verdict of LG Hagen AZ:II Ks 1/64: Dr. Buhler’s request for extermination of all Jews by the end of 1942. SS-Brigadefuehrer Otto Globocnik (d. 1945); subordinate to General Government Supreme SS- Polizeifuehrer, Obergruppenfuehrer Friedrich Wilhelm Krüger (1894-1945) Warehouses of the body-snachers where hundreds of prisoners worked frantically to sort, segregate & classify the clothes & the food & the valuables of those whose bodies were still burning, whose ashes would soon be used as a fertilizer. Nearby was another mountain, of blankets this time, fifty thousand of them, maybe one hundred thousand – Auschwitz | VL Auschwitz–Birkenau: Osecim–Brzezinka EVO: Energieversorgung Oerschlesien AG, I.G Farben, Oberschlesische Hydrierwerke AG Auschwitz I - Bobrek / Oswiecim [Located at Oswiecim. Breslau Institute: Dr. Horst Schumann sterilizes hundreds of men, women & children with radiation X-ray burns. gasses them. Cuts off testicles for examination SS Hauptsturmführer: Dr Josef Mengele & Irma Griese the Angel of Death: the Blond Beast & the Queen of Auschwitz torture, vivisection], Auschwitz II-Birkenau / Brzezinka[Gas chambers. bodies thrown to the dogs. Aktion Höß: Preparation of Hungarians for the gas chambers. In his autobiography Höß says 2.5 million were killed according to Eichmann. Annaliese Frank’s stepsister Eva Schloß survived. Eva’s autobiography of 1988 says she was called a protected Jew by an Oberführerin because her cousin worked as a nurse under Mengele. Anne Frank’s mom died there. Eva’s mother survived & married Otto Frank], Auschwitz III-Buna-Monowitz / Buna-Monowice[IG Farben chemical gas manufacture. Buna synthetic-rubber works. 940 deaths: 1.5 million Jews, 76, 000 French, 150 000 Polish, 23 000 Czech, 15 000 Russians. Hollerith Büro at German Civil Workers Camp 7, Barracks 18 under Herr Hirsch, Herr Husch, & card index systems runner Eduard Müller. Müller is described as a rabid NAZI who enjoyed harming inmates, a fat, aging, ill-kempt man, with brown hair & brown eyes who stank like a polecat. His song is Müllerschwein (Müller Pig) by the punk band Blut und Eisen. Auschwitz historians were originally convinced that there were no machines at Auschwitz, that all the prisoner documents were processed at a remote location. Archivists found the Büro because it was listed in the I.G. Werk Auschwitz phone book on page 50, phone extension 4496.] Außlager: Subcamps: Aldorf-Pless Zweil [Prince Pless], Althammer-Stara Kuniska, Babice, Bierun-Beruna, Bismarckshutte-Hajduki Bobrek [Distillery], Blechhammer / Dziedzice-Czechowice Ernforest Slawecice [Death march], Bruntal-Freudenthal I: Budy, Bruntal -Freudenthal II: Furztengrube-Huta Ksiazeca, Charlottengrube-Huta Karolina [Coal Mine], Chorzow [Mine], Cmentarna Lagiska [Mine], Eintrachtshutte-Schwientochlowitz / Swietochlowice-Setochlowice [1942-1945: Metallurgie],, Gleitz I, II, II, IV/ Gliwice [Operation Himmler. forced labor, mining, gas chambers], Golleshau, Gunthergrube /Muslowice-Myslowitz [Mine], Harmeze-Plawy Hindenburg-Zabrse, Huta Königshutte-Chrolewska [Mine], [Jaschowitz / Jawizowice: Brzescze. Hermann Goring Reichwerk coalmine: Clotz Co.], Lagiewniki-Slaskie-Hubertushutte [Metallurgy], Lawki I: Lepzinky, Lawky II: Lesslau-Wloclawek, Libiaz Maly [Mine], Lukow Mine, Neu Dachs / Jaworzno-Kobior [Coal Mine], Neustadt / Prudnik, Peiskretscham / Pyskowice [crematoriums], Plawy-Harmeze, Rajsko, Rybrik Mine, Rydultowy Mine, Sosnowice Constructios, Trzebinia Voivod Lubelskie / Galizia: Love VL Belzec: Belzec a small town in Tomazaw District, Lublin, NW of Lvov, near Ukraine border. Lublin- Zamosc-Rawa Ruska-Lvov railroad line. Belzec I: [Reception Center surrounded by barbed wire & 3 watchtowers. Built by the Polish inhabitants of the city & Soviet POWs under SS-Guards according to Stanislaw Kozak on November 1, 1941.Polizei-Kriminalkommissar Christian Wirth & Josef Oberhauser. SS-Robert Juhrs. Train brought into camp by specially selected team of railroad workers, gassing, gold teeth extracted,] VL Kulmhof-Chelmno: Between Warsaw & Poznan, District of Kolo. Invaded by the Teutonic Knights in 1220 with the goal of exterminating the Prussian People. Extermination in 1410 called Operation Grünewald-Tannenberg: Operation Green Forest-Tree Mountain / Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War: 1409-1411. As a WWII VL: 350,000 dead with carbon monoxide in gas vans. Corpses incinerated with gasoline. Remaining bones placed on thin metal sheets, crushed & shaked through a narrow-mesh metal sieve. Ashes mixed with sand & garbage. Commander Hans Bothmann hung himself in 1947. SS-Standartenfuehrer Blobel’s Sonderaktion 1005 incinerate corpses at Kulmhof with incendiary bombs; then on wood fires straight from the gas chambers & existing mass graves VL Sobibór : Sobbór Village, District of Woldawa, S of Brest-Litovsk, on the Chelm-Wlodawa Railroad line. Sobibór I [1942: Franz Stangl (dead) 20,000 killed per day / 280,000 est. Experienced former workers from the Euthanasia programs occupied leading positions. Forester’s Cash Office extorted money & valuables. SS-Unterscharfuehrer Erich Fuchs’ gas chambers at the other end of tube Sick & infirm shot ] Sobibór II [The last camp to be provided with larger gas chambers in 1942 by SS-Unterscharfuehrer Erwin Lambert. 6 gas chambers, three rooms on each side. New gas chambers accommodate 4,000 persons at a time, the old ones only 600. SS-Scharfuehrer Lorenz Hackenholt in charge of the gas chambers in Belzec & Sobibor. They had both been posted to Sobibor by Christian Wirth], Sobibór III [Oberscharfuehrer Hubert Gomerski: A narrow-gauge mine-track ran from the railroad platform to the mass graves in Camp III. It was to replace the trolleys pulled by prisoners or horses] VL Treblinka |
| Portugal [Lusitania: Black Raven] | |
| Capelas dos ossos [Bone Chapels] 1932: António Salazar’s New State: Estado Novo Secret Police: PIDE: Polícia Internacional de Defensa de Estado: International Police for the Defense of the State | Capela Dos Ossos: Chapel of Bones Church of Sao Francisco, Évora [Home of the Tribunal of the Inquisition. Hundreds tried & burnt at the stake. 1460: bones of more than 5,000 people on interior walls, ceilings, archways. cobwebbed skulls stacked to reach the ceiling], Faro Carmelite church [built entirely of bones. 1,250 skeletons. The floor is made up of gravestones covering even more bodies.] |
| Puerto Rico: Spanish: Rich Port [Borike’n] | |
| 1493: Columbus names the island San Juan Bautista: St. John the Baptist. 1555: Sir Francis Drake, a slave trader in the Carribean, invades with the Count of Cumberland Spanish-American War: Treaty of Paris:US troops under Nelson Miles & William Sampson receive Puerto Rico as war payment from Spain. | Jaymanio [Chieftess Yuisa & people enslaved by Juan Ceron in 1509 to work the gold mines of the Toa river region], Guaynia [Chiefs Agueybana & Gueybana 1508], Jatibonicu [Chief Orocobix. Descendent Cacike Pedro Guankeyu Torres from maternal family Perez-Rodriguez] |
| Qatar | |
| Colonial 1916: British Protectorate. 1971: Independance 1981: Eastern Arabia GCC: Gulf Cooperation Council 1990: Gulf War | Qatari air force base [1990: Used to attack Iraqi forces. Qatar took part in the bombing of Iraqi military targets & in the ground offensive to liberate Kuwait in early 1991.] – World Book Encyclopedia ©1998 |
| République Centrafricaine [Ubangi-Shari] | |
| Mass Graves 1910-1959: Part of French Equitorial Africa: Afrique Équatoriale Française The Ubangi River is a tributary of the Congo River. | Central African Republic became independent in 1960 under president, David Dacko. In 1966 Dacko was overthrown by his cousin Jean-Bédel Bokassa. His human rights violations (which are said to have included cannibalism & the feeding of school children to crocodiles, amongst others) & movements against French interests prompted France to support a coup against him in 1979, restoring Dacko to power. Current president: François Bozizé. |
| République Democratique du Congo [Belgian Congo / Zaïre] | |
| Camps de Concentration Gécamines: Société générale des Carrières et des Mines 1483: Portuguese navigator Diogo Cao invades 1884 Berlin Kongokonferenz: Triple Alliance: Mandingo-French War: Belgian King Leopold II assasinates King M’Siri & rapes the area’s mineral wealth. He hires the British Army to murder millions of Africans in the Belgian Congo in his quest for rubber. He seizes Chad. England seizes Nigeria. Germany seizes Tangayika & Zanzibar. Italy seizes Somalia & Ethiopia. July 1960: Independance. Premier / Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba asked the UN to deal with revolt. He charged that Belgians were aiding rebel Katangans [province seceeded]. U.S.S.R. sided with Lumumba against a group led by Congolese President Joseph Kasavubu. 1961: Lumumba imprisoned & assasinated. Prime Minister Cyrille Adoula 1964: UN withdraws. Katanga rebels flee to Angola. White mercenaries 1965-1997: President Joseph Desire Mobutu a.k.a Mobutu Sese Seko 1997-2001: President Laurent Kabila (assasinated) 2001: President Joseph Kabila | World’s fourth highest copper producing country, south of Sudan. Kongo, Kuba, Luba, Lunda kingdoms. Baringa [village cleared to make rubber plantation], Kinshasa [Capital. Leopold II: 22 million+ dead (population estimated at 30 million), maiming, slave labor for rubber plantations, terres vacantes: vacant’ land —‘, anything no European living on belongs to Leopold & the servants of the state], Katanga [Leopold’s Union Minière du Haut Katanga mining cartel a.k.a Gécamines: Société générale des Carrières et des Mines, a merger of Leopold II’s Société Générale de Belgique & Cecil Rhode’s Tanganika Concessions Ltd, hires contract mercenaries & guards to subdue the local population & transfer goods out of the country], Stanley Falls [1859: Sir Henry Morton Stanley. After the Lualaba River passes over Stanley Falls it is called the Congo. 1887:Leopold hires Tippu Tipp the slaver from Zanzibar of the Spice Islands as governor. Cannibalism, beheading, hands cut off & used as currency] Eastern Congo [1998: Uprising against government. Rebels backed by troops from Rwanda & Uganda vs Kabila’s Angola, Chad, Namibia, Zimbabwe forces. 1999: Chad removes troops 2000: UN Peacekeeping Force] Goma Camp [1995: First Congo War: Watutsi People leave Zaire on penalty of death. 4.4 million+ dead. Dissappearances, tortures, killing. 1997: President Mobutu Sese Seko flees & is replaced by Laurent Kabila, a rebel assassinated by his own bodyguards. 1998: Second Congo War. 5,500 UN Peace-Keeping Forces. 2004 estimated 1000 dead per day with 3 million+ killed for gold & diamonds. Civilians fleeing to forest: dying of malaria, measles, diarrhea.] Kafe Camp [Ituri Forest. Internally displaced persons camp. Nine UN Peace-Keepers killed.] Lake Tanganika [Bodies floating Nov. 10, 1871: Ujiji Town: Sir Henry Morton Stanley greets Dr. David Livingstone with: Dr. Livingstone, I presume? Cecil Rhode’s Tanganika Concessions Ltd mercenaries] |
| République du Congo [French Congo] | |
| Slavery 1483: Portuguese navigator Diogo Cao invades 1881: France seizes the Middle Congo. Bateke King Makoko signs treaty 1903-1959: French Equitorial Africa: Afrique Équatoriale Française 1910: Linked with Gabon,Chad, & Ubangi-Shari | Ancestral home of the Mbuti. Later home of the Kongo Kingdom. BaKongo people: Vodún Kongo rite, also known in the north of Haiti as Lemba, Stanley Pool [1887: Sir Henry Morton Stanley’s expedition. Lake formed by the widening of the Congo River. The Congo River is the fifth longest river in the world], Brazzaville [Named after French marine officer Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza in 1881. Triangular slave trade], Point-Noir [Congo-Ocean Railroad], Oyo [Home of the Oyo Empire], Bateke Plateau [Bateke People], M'Bochi, People, Sangha People |
| République du Madagascar: End of the Earth [Malagasy] | |
| Vichy Camp de Concentration SE African country made up Madagascar Island & tiny surrounding islands: Comoro Islands Malagasy language resembles Malay & Indonesian 1896-1960: French Colony. | WWII internment camps. Textile wages are 37 cents an hour: contracts from Victoria’s Secret and The Gap |
| République du Togo [Shutzgebiet Togo / French Togoland] | |
| Mass Graves Soninke Hereditary king called the Ghana. Ghana Kingdom invaded by Germany. 1884-1919: Shutzgebiet Togo: German Togo Protectorate Divided by Britain & France after WWI. French Togoland becomes Togo on April 27, 1960. Togolese national anthem is in Ewe & French by Alex Casimir-Dosseh. Interim President Bonfoh Abbass | 1990s: Pro-democracy activists, southern Mina & Ewé, killed by Army. Political assassination, army violence, hundreds of thousands of flee to Ghana & Benin, Ezame [Aja people] |
| Romania-Moldavia [Dacia: Wolf Moon / Wallachia: Celt Land] | |
| Porajmos [The Devouring]: Romani term for the Holocaust Compania Electrocontablia Watson, Bucharest Romanian Central Institute for Statistics: Friedrich Burgdorfer & Ludwig Hummer ‘Romania was a sales territory operated directly from New York. But Hummer was specifically instructed to assist in the Romanian census by Werner Lier, IBM’s general manager in Geneva, Switzerland. Lier acted with the full knowledge of IBM president Thomas J. Watson’ – Edwin Black: And Then They Came for the Gypsies: The Legacy of Death’s Calculator © 2004 2000 BC: Dacia Legiunea Arhanghelului Mihail: The Iron Guard founded by Corneliu Zelea Cordreanu. 1947: King deposed, stripped of his Romanian citizenship & lives in Switzerland. | 1941 Census ordered. ‘Romania’s massive census was so sophisticated it even enumerated which Roma Gypsies were already refugees temporarily absent or already interned in a concentration camp. Those afraid to admit their extraction settled gypsies ...Counting officials & inspectors received orders to make the official entries according to the countees’ wishes, but add a comment stating that in their opinion or in the general opinion of the community they were considered to be Gypsies. Hence, the IBM tabulations would record them as Gypsy regardless of the ethnic box checked. ...Prior to IBM’s 1941 system of census cross-tabulation, all three different types of Gypsies in Romania, regardless of whether they wandered, resided in forest camps or settled in villages, could not all be efficiently identified. An exact investigation of gypsies in numbers has not been possible until today, boasted Burgdorfer, He concluded, The total number of Gypsies (without counting Gypsy half-breeds) is estimated to be 300,000. 25,000+ Gypsies rounded up pursuant to the Romanian Interior Minister’s order #70S/1942. Roadblocks set up on the outskirts of town as gendarmes, with lists of names, fanned out to arrest the Gypsies, deport them in trains, scheduled & tracked by Hollerith machines. |
| Curatirea Terenului [Cleansing of the Ground] Ion Antonescu: ordered on-the-spot extermination of Jews. Deputy prime minister, Mihai Antonescu with Wehrmacht Eisatzgruppe D killed between 150,000 & 160,000 Jews during July & August 1941. Ion Antonescu’s goal was to have all the Jews of Romania annihilated in less than a year starting with Bukovina | Bukovina [Soviets invade: Zionists & Enemies of the State deported to Siberia. Romanian NAZIs Infantry Battalion 16, Maj. Valeriu Carp, kills the Red Army & thousands of Jews in the villages. property stolen], Chernovtsy [ghetto. Einsatzgruppe D], Cotmani, Kishinev, Lujeni, Marculesti, Rezina [liquidated], Soroca [80 percent of Jewish residents murdered], Storojineti, Transnistria [Death march of 1,600 per day], Vertujeni [daily death toll 170, starvation, torture, rape. Col.Vasile Agapie, an official of the National Bank of Romania steals valuables, sentenced to life], Vizhnitsa /Vascauti, Balti [shot by the GeStaPo, houses burnt, death camp in Rautel forest], Bucharest [formerly named Circus of Hunger for the houses with no kitchens & the starving going to refectories for food now the site of a mall 1941: Antonescu’s forces massacre peaceful crowds. 360+ men, women & children hunted down by armed gangs. No Legionaries killed. 1989: Thousands of demonstrators killed. President Nicolae Ceausescu ruling since 1965 & wife, Elena captured by the army. Charged with murder & embezzlement, they are executed on December 25. New President Ion Iliescu, National Salvation Front.], Cosauti Forest, Dniester [Roads filled with the corpses of Jews who had been shot], Timisoara [1989: Hundreds killed in demostrations for an improved standard of living.] |
| Russia | |
| Genotsid [People Murder] SS Das Reich Division | Borisovo [Mass grave October 1944 under the SS Das Reich division (130)], Grozny [refugee camps. Government headquarters bombed], Lipetsk [300 German pilots received training], Kazan [tank training], Katyn Wood [1940: NKVD head Lavrenty Pavlovich Beria massacres 25,700+ under Stalin], Kharkov [One of the biggest cities in the Soviet Union bombed for the Führer. Chief squad Hausser. SS throw grenades at a military field hospital and the people inside are burnt alive (130)], Saratov [toxic gas invented here. German chemical weapons research & manufacture] |
| Vernichtungslager [Extermination Camp] | VL Simferopol |
| Lagerya [Teutonic Order Komturia ] | KL Königsberger/Kalingrad [Ostpreußen: East Prussia. North Part given to Russia. South Part given to Poland. State dissolved in 1945], KL Heiligenbeil / Mamonowo [East Prussia on the border of Kalingrad], Ragnit, Solovetsky Isles [White Sea. 1923. Had a sign that read: With an Iron Fist, We will Lead Humanity to Happiness.] |
| Katorga [Concentration Camps] Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov: WWII Foreign Minister: ‘Molotov claimed in radio broadcasts that the Soviet Union was not dropping bombs, but rather delivering food to the starving Finns, the Finns responded by saluting the advancing tanks with Molotov cocktails [a.k.a Napalm: naptholine-aluminum soap powder + palm oil + gasoline] ’ – Wikipedia 1921-1938: Fridtjof Nansen: League of Nations' High Commission for Refugees: assist people who fled the Russian Revolution of 1917 & the subsequent civil war. In 1923, the mandate of the Commission was expanded to include Armenians. 1945: Yalta Conference: Repatriation Agreement Order No. 270: Millions of former Russian citizens forcefully repatriated (against their will) into the USSR. Ostarbeiters: Eastern Workslaves, Soviet POWs & Vlasov men put under the jurisdiction of SMERSH (Death to Spies). – Wikipedia: Refugee | Akmétchetka, Balanowka, Bar, Bisjumujsje, Bogdanovka, Butyrka Prison, Moscow [Czar Peter I, 17th cen. Transfer camp for the GULAGs. Founder of the KGB Felix Dzerzhinsky escaped], Citadelle, Czwartaki, Daugavpils, Domanievka, Edineti, Kara [1838-1893: Set of prisons at Kara River in Transbaikalia & included into the system of Nerchinsk katorga.185 men & 32 women political prisoners used in gold mining. 1889: Kara Tragedy Woman prisoner flogged to death. 18 prisoners take poison & 6 of them die], Kielbasin/Kelbassino, Kislowodsk, Khorol, Klooga, Lemberg, Nyen/Volgograd: [Karelia Border, Gulf of Finland with a Teutonic castle. a.k.a Izhora/Ingria/Vod /Ingermanland/Inkeri. Great Northern War between Sweden & Russia. Swedish deportee destination. 1703: Named Petrograd: Saint Petersburg, then Ivangorod, then Leningrad, then Stalingrad. WWII: population transfers: 63,000+ fled to Finland during World War II, sent back to Stalin & executed as unreliables. GULAG. High floor cells. Pushcart displayed pastries. If you had money you could buy anything you wanted. As some prisoners in our cell commented, you could not get such selection of bakery in the stores anywhere in Leningrad], Northern-Pechora, Mezjapark, Ponary, Rawa-Russkaja, Salapils, Strazdumujsje, Toksovo [1936: Stalin’s Great Purge: NKVD: Narodnyi Komissariat Vnutrennikh Order no. 00689. Secret police take people away to a remote location to be killed in the night. For important people: artists airbrush them out of photographs; books, records. Histories recalled, rewritten, or redacted; pictures, busts, statues taken down. Never mentioned again. In this case it is Nikolai Yezhov, the signer of the Order in 1940.], Yanowski, Vertugen |
| Siberian GULAG Dalstroy General Industrial & Highway Construction Company 1932: NKVD official P.E. Bierzin appointed manager. K.A. Pavlov commandant of the Kolyma camps. | Kolyma [forced labor in gold & diamond mines. Called the White Crematorium: the land of White Death. Stalin had wooden watchtowers pulled down, police women disguised as swineherds & prisoners hidden when US Vice-President Henry Wallace visited in 1944], Berelakh, Magadan [Trans-Siberian Railway with a station at Vladivostok carries slave labor in goldmines discovered in 1925. Polish, German, Romanian, Lithuanian, Latvian, Mongolian, Chinese, Korean, Afghan, Armenian & Japanese POWS. Dismantled late 60s. government records banished survivors victims of severe frostbite. Dead remained forever in mass graves, dug into the permafrost, or had their bodies buried under rocks or carried away by spring flood to the Arctic Sea], Sevvoslag: NE Camp[mass executions of the inmates ordered by S. N. Garanin, Chief NKVD Officer for the Sevvostlag region. He is later shot ], Vladivostok [1860: Korean border. Trans-Siberian Railroad], Maxim Gorky [gold mine], Laso, Chukhots, Maldyak, Komsomolets, Yoshkar-Ola, Sukhobezvodnaya [corrective labor-camp. Sector 4: transit camp. barbed wire with dogs in-between], Vorkuta [1932: Stalin sent his daughter Svetlana’s fiancé Alexei Kapler there]. Wrangel Island [Ferdinand von Wrangel] |
| Sharashka GULAG General Valentin Kravchenko Scientists & engineers prisoners picked from other camps & given relatively better conditions in exchange for their slave-like work on scientific & technological problems for the state – Wikipedia | Mavrino [Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn The First Circle & Lev Kopelev interred there], Bolshevo [Moscow. Aircraft engineers] |
| Rwanda [Deutsch-Ostafrika: German East Africa / Belgian Ruanda] | |
| Genocide BPR: United Popular Bank 1885-1919: Part of German East Africa Governors: 1889-1891 & 1895-6: Hermann von Wissmann, 1891-1893 Julius von Soden, 1893-1895 Friedrich von Schele, 1896-1901 Eduard von Liebert, 1901-1906 Gustav Adolf von Götzen, 1906-1912 Albrecht von Rechenberg, 1912-1918 Heinrich Albert Schnee WWI: Seized by Belgium. People taxed, forced into slave corvée labor on coffee plantations. Capital city Kigali near the Nile-Congo watershed. ‘Genocide is justified in the fight against the enemy. ’ – 1994: Prime Minister & United Popular BPR banker Jean Kambanda: Radio Rwanda. Convicted by ICTR: International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to life imprisonment in Mali | Kigali [90% of the population is currently working in subsistence agriculture / coffee & tea plantations. 1990: Military government of Juvénal Habyarimana instigates pogroms against the Watutsi. Militia kill 800,000+ Tutsis & Hutu moderates in the Rwandan Genocide: French send in peace-keeping troops in Opération Turquoise. 2 million+ Hutus flee.], Butare & Gitarama [Kambanda distributes small arms ammunition. He confessed that the government organized the genocide in advance. His lawyer argued that he was a puppet of the military, who dragged him from his bank, after killing the previous prime minister], Lake Kivu [dead bodies thrown into the lake. 1994: 1/2 million people massacred in less than four months] |
| Saudi Arabia | |
| War 570 AD: Quraysh Empire 661-750 AD: Umayyad Caliphate 750 AD-1031AD: Abbasid Caliphate 1960: OPEC 1990: Persian Gulf War | Khafji [1991: Invaded by Iraqi troops. 1991: Iraq launches Scud missiles at populated areas in Israel & Saudi Arabia, terrorizing the populations of targeted cities & killing a number of people in both Israel & Saudi Arabia. – World Book Encyclopedia © 1998], Mecca [The Holy City. The Five Pillars of Islam: The Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca. When completed al-Hajj added to name. The sacred Black Stone sent from Allah to the Prophet Abraham by the Angel Gabriel, is the stone to which one turns five times each day to pray.], Yethrib-Medina [North of Mecca. Hegira the trip from Mecca to Medina] |
| Scotland: Greek: Dark One [Aran: Snowdrop Land / Caledonia: Sea Holly] Scotia, Daughter of Pharoah Nectanebo Kheperkare: Strong Re Abides: 30th Dynasty | |
| Sleabaght [Slavery] | na Glashu: Port of Glasgow, Milngavie Museum of Social Work [near Glasgow], Mossbank Industrial School [Hogganfield. 600+ destitute children forced into domestic slavery], Canadian Home for Friendless Girls-Edinburgh Emigration Home [Lauriston Rd], Wester Ross [Mainland Scotland by Rùm. 1773: The ship Hector safely carried the people to Pictou, Nova Scotia], Easter Ross [1849-1946: Arthurville. Children starved to death on potatoes, pea-soup, treacle-water, oatmeal. Area now owned by Mohamed al-Fayed of Harrod’s] |
| Eaddeeyn-Vaaish [Mass Graves] When you realise the pace at which those ancestors multiply – 4 grandparents, 8 great-grandparents, 16 great-great grandparents, etc. there are a lot of ancestors up there waiting to be discovered. You should, for example, have little difficulty in getting back to 1800 – and at that date there may very well have been 64 people from whom you can claim direct descent! – Alwyn Jones | Aberdeen-Kingswells Consumption Dyke, Gillahill [bodysnatchers buried dismembered corpses in wooded enclosure], Achill Island, Argyll–Kilmartin Valley [Valley of the Ghosts], Athole, Ayr–Loudounkirk/Kilwinning Abbey [abandoned villages. dead noblemen buried in vault. built by the Benedictine The Order of the Holy Cross], Edinburgh-Bruntsfield Golf Course, Edinburgh’s Carubbers’ Close [1832: Cholera epidemic killed 600 people in 6 months on the Royal Mile (270)], Edinburgh–Mary Kings Close [formed in 1645 for the Inquisitiones Generales. People buried alive. Street bricked off at either end. ’For weeks their screams & cries for water, food & mercy could be heard, but gradually it grew quiet. Two butchers who survived the Plague, were sent in to the Close to rid it of the bodies. They took 400 corpses [others say 600] & cut them into sections. ’ The souls still haunt the Close. Council City Chambers built over top], Edinburgh Theatre [Mass Grave], Glasgow City [Goulter’s Mortification of 1790], Govan Workhouse [Humane Society Inc. killed by drowning], Inverness-Culloden Moor [Fleet Street was overlooked by the skulls of the Scots rebels decapitated after 1745, skulls kept there till 1772], Inverness [mass starvation. whole families found dead of cholera in their beds] |
| Thie ny Moght [Place of Death] Duke of Montrose, Buchanan Castle, Sterlingshire, 1879: 32,294,£6,131 Register House, Edinburgh: the chief security for title to land in Scotland from 1617 on. Landowners now represented by the SRPBA: Scottish Rural Property & Business Association of Musselburgh, just outside Edinburgh. Duke of Buccleuch (270,900 acres as of 2005) estates, castles & palaces in Selkirkshire, Dumfriesshire, Dalkeith palace in Edinburgh. His sister is the Duchess of Northumberland & her daughter is Duchess of Sutherland. Earl of Mansfield: Scone Palace, Perthshire: Feudal Tenure Bill & Land Register of 1617 | Borders: Co Berwick [Duns-shire]: Galashiels Poorhouse [1881-1950: Kirkbrae. Mass graves], Dumbarton Workhouse, Co Roxburgh: Harwick Poorhouse [1857: 133+ inmates], Jedburgh’s, The Rowans [1825: Castle turned into a workhouse & reformed jail. 1881 Census. Now a museum (270)], Co. Peeble [Tweedale]: Peebles Workhouse [Rosetta Rd], Central: Co. Clackmannan:, Co Sterling / Stirling [Lennox Mormaerdon]: Falkirk Poorhouse [1850: Near railway station, iron barred windows, seclusion room 9 ft. long, 61/2 ft. wide, 11" ht, punished in the shower bath. Gassed to death in fever hospital – 1857 Inspection & report by the Lunacy Commissioners: Peter Higganbotham], Windsor Rd Poorhouse [1905: Falkirk], Stirlingshire Poorhouse [1860: Bridge St, Stirling, Loch Lomond], City of Edinburgh: Cannongate Charity Workhouse [1762: Tollbooth Wynd: 64 Cannongate], Edinburgh Charity Poorhouse [1739: Port Bristo. 484+ adults, 180+ children], Edinburgh City Poorhouse-Morningside [1867: Morningside Rd: plague. bones of the victims in rose beds.], Edinburgh–Grassmarket Workhouse, St. Cuthbert’s-Westkirk Charity Poorhouse [1758: Four story parapet with iron railing, gatekeeper, fumigator, probationary wards, airing yards, infirmary, chapel, dining hall, kitchen, Aged Women’s Room, laundry, Doctors’ & Surgeons’ Room. Foul air ward. Craigleith. Orphans separated into Very Decent, Decent, Bastardy & Depraved with four seperate doors for each. 410 inmates called chattel in 1866 by the Trustees of Fettes College under Sir James Gardiner Baird Bart. 1914: POWs then Ministry of Pensions. Now the Caledonian Hotel], Orphan Hospital [1733: Dean Bridge], Girls’ House of Refuge [Western Suburbs], Rescue & Probationary Home for Fallen Women [1861: 18 St John’s Hill], Edinburgh Industrial Home for Fallen Women [Alnwick Hill, Liberton], Hospital for the Aged & Infirm [Run by the Little Sisters of the Poor], St Mary’s Hospital [1619: Leith Wynd], Co. Edinburgh / Edinburghshire [Midlothian]: Dalkeith Castle [1881 Census], North Leith Poorhouse [1763: Citadel], South Leith Poorhouse [1763: 97 Giles St], Leith Parish Poorhouse [1863: North Junction St Dead Room Mortuary], Seafield Rd Poorhouse [1906: Leith. 650+ inmates. The last poorhouse built in Scotland. Cruciform infirmary. Closed in 2002], Co Haddington [East Lothian]: East Lothian [1864: East Linton, Prestonkirk. Used through 1946], Co Linlithgow [West Lothian]: Lithingow/Linlithgow Workhouse [1851: Marquis of Linlithgow. 500+ inmates forced to crush the bones of the dead. Worksheds with stonebreaking. Infectious disease hospital added in 1900 known as St. Michael’s Home. Finally demolished in 1969], an Tae: Tayside: Co Perth [Mormaerdon of Atholl]: Athole & Breadalbane [1859-1946 workhouse], Perth Workhouse [1860-1930: Glasgow Rd. Visited by Queen Victoria], Fortingall [mass graves], Co. Monteith [Menteith Mormaerdon]: , Co Kinross [Strathearn Mormaerdon]: Strathearn [1861: Isolation block. Landlord Lord Rollo, Duncrub House-Dunning: 10,148, £8,418 in 1878], Co. Forfar [Angus Mormaerdon]: Arbroath & St Vigean’s Workhouse [Brechin Rd, Arbroath], Grubbers’ Poorhouse [1878-1946: Brechin. Children mass murdered. Infectious disease hospital & cemetery in back], Dundee [1853: 800+ children worked 16 hour days & those that rebelled were put in iron chains. 1887: Dead bodies dissected by the local anatomy school under the direction of Dr A. Melville & Dr. Robert Sinclair], Liff & Benvie Parish Poorhouse [1864: Dundee], Forfar [1882: Infirmary disposed of mental defectives & maternity cases], Kirriemuir Almshouse [1912: Beechwood Place], Ebudae: Inner Hebrides: Co. Ross [Ross Mormaerdom]: Skye Workhouse [1851-1933: owned by John Mackenzie, whose family has owned the Isle of Skye for 500 years. Infirmary, fever wards. Workhouse taken over by the Carnegie Foundation], Ratharsair-Isle of Raasay-Isle of Roe [Inverarish village served as a prisoner-of-war camp for Germans during the World War I. Iron mines. Hallaig is the deserted township called the ghost clachan on the eastern part of the island north of Beinn na Lice], Ascrib Islands, Crowlin: Nut Islands, Isay, Longay, Ornsay, Pabay, Scalpay, Soay, S Rona, Wiay, Elianan Beg: Small Isles: Eigg, Muck, Canna, Rùm The Forbidden Isle [1826: Inner Hebrides Small Isle. Cleared of human population for sheep farming. 400 sent to slavery in Canada. Purchased by the Marquis of Salisbury for a hunting estate. Sir George Bullough, a textile tycoon from Lancashire’s father bought Rùm for his summer residence. His Kinloch Castle featured BBC’s Restoration as a bid for funds to restore it.Escape from Experiment Island a reality TV show filmed on the Island & broadcast by the Learning Channel had American Teams build vehicles to escape from the island in 2002. Currently protected from tourists by strict access rules], Co. Argyll: Cenél nOengusa: Islay Islands: Chaol Ile: Isle of Islay [pron. kyle EES-lah. 1865-1935], Chaol Mhuile: Isle of Mull: Shingly Beach [pron. kyle MOO-lah. 1860-1923: Tigh na Bochdh. 130+ inmates], Carna, Coll: Hazel Island [Late 1700s cleared. Some in slavery to Australia, Canada, South Africa. Others transferred to the workhouse of Mull], Texa, Diùra-Jura [1948: Eric Arthur Blair better known as George Orwell writes 1984 while suffering from tuberculosis], Gigha, Garbh Eileach, Eileach an Naoimh, Oronsay & Colonsay, Scarba, Ionia: Moon Isles: Iona, Calve, Gunna, Laggan Ullamh Da: Ulva, Little Colonsay, Staffa, Tiree, Slate Islands-Treshnish Islands: Treasure Islands: Cara, Eilean Dubh Mór, Eilean Macaskin, Eilean Righ, Eorsa, Erraid, Gometra, Kerrera, Lismore, Luinn Luing: Slate Island, Inch Kenneth [An uninhabited island in the Inner Hebrides near the Isle of Mull. Nazi sympathiser Unity Valkyrie Mitford, daughter of Lord & Lady Redesford, spent her final years living on the island. Unity accompanied Göring, Himmler & Goebbels to meetings, rallies & the Munich Olympic Games. Hitler told newspapers in Germany that Unity was a perfect specimen of Aryan womanhood. She was given the gold Nazi party badge, the highest honour Hitler could bestow. Her sister Diana married British fascist leader Sir Oswald Mosley. Unity died in 1948 of complications of a self-inflicted bullet to the brain. The Island is now owned by Dr. Barlow. – Lorn Macintyre The Black Lyre: Black Ace Books © 2005], Seil: Pebble, Shuna, Co. Bute: Burnt Islands: Lunga, Moreabh: Sea Islands: Bute [1926: Thompson Poorhouse], Arran, Inverclyde, Great Cumbrae, Little Cumbriae, Gaeltacht: Highland: Co. Nairn [Alder Tree River]: Nairn Workhouse [1860: Now owned by Lord Balgonie], Co. Caithness [Caithness Mormaerdom]: Latheron Workhouse [1850-1946: Pregnant women killed], Thurso Workhouse [1854-1924 designed by WL Moffat], Co. Lochaber: Glen Coe [1745: Glencoe Massacre. Bought by the Scottish National Trust from Lord Strathcona in 1935. No camping. ’ The reason? We are damaging the flora: The Angry Corrie 22: Glen ponder], Co. Cromarty: Black Isle [1859-1946: Ness Road. Children starved to death. Laundry. Mass graves known as Agricultural Improvements], Co. Sutherland [Sutherland Mormaerdom]: Sutherland-Stonehaven Workhouse [1863: Laundry, childrens’ wards. Now Migdale Hospital], Glasgow: Co Lanark [Lannraig]: Cambusnethan [Inmates stripped naked, starved to death on broth, whipped, & drowned in cold baths], Dalziel [1903: Laundry, disinfector], Monklands [Two workhouses. Child murder], Town’s Hospital Inc. [1730], Glasgow City Poorhouse [1809: 1500 beds], Glasgow Barony–Barnhill [1853: Mass graves. site of railway station. Children starved to death on the C-Plan of oatmeal, bread & milk. Old women starved on tea & bread], Hutcheson’s Hospital [1639: Mass grave], Stobhill Poor Hospital [1903-1930: 2000 beds], Western District [1903], Eastern District [1904-1996: Duke St], Buchanan Institution [47 Greenhead St. Destitute boys], Night Asylum [71 North Frederick St. Poor women], Glasgow Home for Deserted Mothers [308 Renfrew St], Queen’s Park Deaf & Dumb Asylum, Hamilton [1864-1930: Bothwell Rd. No running water, pigsty, rats], Lanark [fever hospital], Lesmahagow [Castle owned by Sirdar Iqbal Singh as of 1999], Strathclyde: Co Argyll: Campbeltown-Mull of Kintyre [Haunted with ghosts. Glen Scotia Whisky Distillery. 1859: Workhouse on Witchburn Rd], Lochgilphead [1861-1920], Lorne [1862-1946], Co. Dumbarton: Dumbarton Workhouse [1861], Co. Ayr [Carrick Mormaerdon]: Ayr [1756: 150+ inmates. H-Block childrens’ quarters. inmates dying from: pneumonia, pleurisy, phthisis, cancer, paralysis from starvation, senile decay: wet cases], Cunninghame [1857-1996: Irvine. Punishment beatings], Maybole [1867-1918], Co. Renfrew [Siorrachd Rinn Friù]: Paisley Asylum-Abbey Parish-Renfrewshire Abbey [1849: 650+ inmates. Oakum picking, Infirmary], Busby [1906], Greenock Parochial Lunatic Asylum [1868-1941: Starved to death on broth, bread, & herring, fed twice a week. Coal shoveling. Girls covered with lice eggs, insects & vermin. 1934: Inmates drugged with thormaldithyde & bromide by nuns. Half of the male inmates from North Uist], Outer Hebrides [na h-Eileanan Siar: Western Isles]Glas na Goirteann: The Minch: Lews Workhouse [1894: Isle of Lewis & Harris: Lewis na Hearish. Operational through 1942], Isle of Taransay: Thunder Island [human bones protrude from sand on Peible Beach], Scalpay, Barra Isles: Barra [The MacNeil landlords since the 12th century cleared the people from the black houses named after the coal smoke for sheep farming. The farmers and fisherman were forced to Canada, Ireland and the United States], Kisimul: Old Norse for Castle Island [Owned by John Allen MacNeil who inherited the castle from his father Robert Lister MacNeil in 1937], Vatersay [Rusted landmine shells from WWII, Memorial commemorates the 450 people who died aboard the Highland Clearances emigrant ship Annie Jane in 1853. Dhiarr a’Mhuir a Bhith ga Tadhal (yeer ah voor ah vee gah tahl): The Sea Claims Her Own], Innse Gall: Monarch Isles: Long Island Workhouse, [1882-1946: North Uist, designed by Kinnear & Peddie. Infirmary, Mortuary], Benbecula, Eriskay, South Uist [1851: Highlanders seized and led to the ships in chains. Placed in the steerage & died of disease], Hiort: Saint Kilda Islands Hirta Island [Now occupied by the military & scientists for the Hebrides missile tracking range who do test firings], Bernera, Grimsay, Baleshare, [60 m W. of North Uist. Population decline. Between 1830 -1843, 80% of infants dying of tetanus & the deaths continued at a lesser pace until 1891. 1912: Food shortages 1913: influenza. 29 August 1930, the last 36 remaining inhabitants were evacuated to the Scottish mainland. The islands were purchased by the Marquess of Bute in 1931, who bequeathed them to the National Trust for Scotland in 1957. 1937: Michael Powell’s film, The Edge of the World], Zetland / Shetland Isles & Orkney Isles: Shetland Poorhouse [1884: West of Lerwick], Old Monkland Workhouse [Orkney. Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener dies in Orkney in 1916. He was born in Crotter House / Gunsborough Villa, Listowel. County Kerry, Ireland], Galloway & Fife: Co. Dumfries: Dumfries Hospital [1751: James & William Moorhead], Kirkpatrick-Fleming [1861], Upper Nithsdale [1881] Kirkudbrightshire (pronounced Kir-COO-bri-shir) [Mearns Mormaerdon]:Kirkcudbright Workhouse [1849-1950], Co. Wigtown: Rinns of Galloway [1850: Stranraer, Wigtownshire. 381+ inmates. Described in 1946 as worn-out, dreary without proper sanitation or heating], Co. Fife [Fife Mormaerdon]: Dunfermline [1843: Located on Cemetery Rd. Now Leys Park Rd], Dysart [1863: Thornton, East Fife. Financed by the Scottish Widows of Edinburgh. Inmates starved to death on gruel. Slavery in the laundries & garden], Kircaldy [1895], Grampian: Co. Aberdeen [Mormaerdon of Mar & Buchan]: Aberdeen-Buchan Workhouse [1867-1946: Inmates starved, forced to grow potatoes, turnips, oats. Cesspool. Mass graves. Pathways made from cinders of the workhouse boilers 862: Sir Robert John Abercromby of Airthrie Castle, Perthshire, 10,407 acres, £7,007 annual rental. Now Maud Hospital], Aberdeen–St. Nicholas-East [1847: Nelson St], Aberdeen–Old Machar-West [Fonthill Rd], Aberdeen-Oldmill Poorhouse [Skene, 961 inmates in 1925. Childrens’ Infirmary Block], Co Banff: Rathven Parish Hospital for the Poor [1912], Co. Kincardine: Kincardinshire Workhouse [1867-1948: Woodcot Brae West of Stonehaven], Elginshire / Morayshire [Mormaerdom of Moray]: Morayshire Workhouse [1867-1948: Elgin. H-block cells, laundry], To Sort: Craiglockhart, Cunninghame, Inveresk, Kyle |
| Sénégal [Senegambia / French West Africa] | |
| Fagaala [People Murder] 1492: Portuguese Colonial slavery 1588: Dutch 1753: English 1624: French King Louis XIII 1895-1959: Part of French West Africa: Afrique Occidentale Française: 1/7 of Continent 1959: French Sudan & Sénégal: Federation of Mali 1960: Independance | Dakar [1902: Capital of French West Africa & Sénégal. Hundreds of years ago the eastern section was part of the old African empires of the Soninke Ghana & Mali], St. Louis [1658: French fortified trading post at the mouth of the Sénégal River], Cape Verde [Portuguese invaded, French invaded in 1658. Bawol, Kajoor, Serer enslaved], Goree Island [(pron. gaw RAY). Blacks captured in Africa brought for examination, storage, shipment overseas as slaves. Building called the House of Slaves with its Door of No Return] |
| Seychelles: Jean Moreau de Séchelles | |
| Slavery 1502: Portugal 1756: Seized by France 1814-1976: Ruled by England 1976: Independant | (pron. SHEHL or say SHEHLZ) 90 islands in the Indian Ocean just north of Madagascar. Mahe Island [85 percent of the people live here. cinnamon, coco-de-mer: double coconut palms], Most of the rest live on Praslin & La Digue Islands. |
| Sierra Leone: Lion Mountains in Portuguese | |
| Slavery 1524-5s: William Hawkins: Treasurer to the Corporation of Plymouth: Guinea / Sierra Leone / Brazilian slave trade 1808: English diamond mines. Jamaican maroons transported into the country 1832: St. Kitts Rebellion, La Amistad Revolt: Cinque/Singbe, an African headman from Sierra Leone kidnapped, kills the captain & crew. Cinque & 38 of his followers arrested with piracy at Long Island Their owners sue for their return. According to Anti-Slavery International the average slave in 1850 fetches $40,000 1961: British Commonwealth Republic When a government is in place, we have fully achieved our mission. Human rights is not a mission for a military service. Other organizations can be tasked with that. – Staff, Brig. Malu | Bunce Island [18th century British slave castle that sent many of its captives to Georgia & South Carolina where American rice planters paid a premium for experienced slaves from Africa’s Rice Coast. Gullah People part of the Mende People – The Language You Cry In ] Freetown [City for former slaves living in London. 1989: Foday Sankoh’s wars against the government with child soldiers. 500 UN Peacekeepers held hostage. 2 million people, 1/3+ of the population, displaced refugees in neighboring countries, 200,000+ dead, others disfigured & amputated with machetes. 2001: Sankoh indicted by UN-War Crimes Commission.] |
| Slovakia: Slovenska Republica [Czechoslovakia] | |
| Koncentrák [Concentration Camp] SS: Josef Tiso. Karl Hermann Frank: Executed. 907-1918: Hungary seizes 1918: Czechoslovakia 1919: Ruthenia, a region east of Slovakia in the Ukraine part of Czechoslovakia 1939: Slovakia announces independance under SS Josef Tiso. 1945: Ruthenia returned to Ukraine 1948: Eduard Benes resigns, replaced by Communist Party chairman Klement Gottwald. 1953: Antonin Zapotocky 1957: Antonin Novotny 1968: Soviet, Bulgarian, East German, Hungarian, & Polish troops invade. Religious activities shut down, food lines. 1993: Slovakia. | Bratislava Jungfernbreschan / Panenske-Brezany[Castle Jungfer-Breschan] Sered |
| Slovenia: Slovenjka [Karantania: Red Yew Berry / Yugoslavia: South Land of the Slavs] | |
| Mnozieni Umor [Mass Graves] Yugoslav Watson AG 13th SS Division ‘Handschar’ SS: Dieter Wisliceny 1918: NAZI Hussar general Joseph “Tito” Broz declares himself pre | |